kahu
1. (verb) (-ria) to put on clothes.
Synonyms: komo kākahu, kākahu
2. (verb) to germinate, grow, sprout.
He nui te mōmona o ētahi o ngā whenua; otiia, nā te tīkākā o te rā, e kore e āta kahu ngā kai, kōngio iho ngā hua, raupakatia iho ngā tupu (MM.TKM 1/1/1855:14). / Some of the lands are very fertile, but because of the intense heat the crops will not germinate properly, the fruit shrivels up and the plants fail.
3. (noun) garment, cloth, cloak, costume.
Kia āhua roa e pāwerawera ana, ka whakamaroke te tinana o te tūroro ki tētahi tāora, ā ka kuhu ai he kahu maroke (TTT 1/9/1928:846). / When the patient has been hot for quite a long time, dry the body with a towel and then put on dry clothes.
4. (noun) egg white, albumen, foetus, stillborn child.
Ki te mate te pēpi i te wā o te hapūtanga, o te whakawhānau rānei, ka kīia tērā ko te mate roto, ko te kahu. / If a baby dies during pregnancy or at birth it is said to be stillborn.
5. (noun) surface.
Kāti rā ka hōhā koe ki ngā murakehu āku e huirapa nei i te kahu o te pepa (TTT 1/6/1922:14). / That's enough, because you will be tired of my rambling dominating the paper's content.
mata
1. (noun) face, countenance, edge, blade, eye, screen (computer), headland, mesh (of a net).
2. (noun) surface.
I te wā i oti ai ngā mea katoa te hanga i runga i te mata o te whenua i roto i te whenua, i te takiwā, i roto i ngā wai, ka ui atu rātou me pēwhea te whakaputa i te ira tangata ki te ao (TTT 1/6/1924:63). / At the time all things were being created on the face of the land and in the earth, in space and in the waters, they asked how should the human element be created in the world.
3. (noun) point, tip.
Kei tētahi wāhi o te haki o Aotearoa, ko te tohu o te tieki o Ingarangi, kei tētahi taha ko ngā whetū whero e whā, he tohu mō Te Taki o Autahi, he tātai whetū kei te rangi – he whero te tae o ngā whetū, e rima ngā mata o ia whetū (Te Ara 2013). / One part of the New Zealand flag has the Union flag of the United Kingdom and on another side representing the Southern Cross, a constellation visible in the sky – the stars' colour is red and each star has five points.
Synonyms: koi, koinga, toi, toitoi, tara, tihi, matū, matamata, tongi, hiku, kūmore, raenga, akitu, paina, ngahu, tāmore
whakaea
1. (verb) (-ngia,-tia) to avenge, bring to fruition, realise (an ambition, etc.).
I tū tētehi parekura nui whakaharahara noa atu mō tēnei mōkai; i tino mate rawa atu ngā uri o Tū-a-Rotorua i ngā uri o Tama-te-kapua; nā ana uri anō i whakaea te matenga o ngā uri o Tū-a-Rotorua (JPS 1909:205). / A great battle was fought on account of this pet; and the descendants of Tū-a-Rotorua were heavily defeated by the descendants of Tama-te-kapua, and it was his descendants also who avenged the defeat of the descendants of Tū-a-Rotorua.
2. (verb) (-ngia,-tia) to pay for, recompense, repay.
Tino kore nei e taea e te kupu te whakaea ngā manaaki i uhia mai ki runga i te pahī a te Taura Whiri (HM 4/1994:3). / Words can never repay the hospitality bestowed on the Māori Language Commission's party.
3. (verb) (-ngia,-tia) to settle, discharge (a debt).
Me aro te Kāwanatanga ki te hanga huarahi hei whakaea i ngā nawe (RT 2013:106). / The Government should consider building a road to settle the grievances.
Synonyms: pūwhenua, noho, nohonoho, whakanoho, whakatatū, whakatau, whakamāhaki, whakataiwhenua, tatū, tau
4. (verb) to come to land, landing up, make landfall.
Ka pūhia haeretia e te hau, rawaki rawa ake te hau, ka aua atu ki te moana tuauri rere ai; ka āpitia e te kohu au moana, ka oti atu ki te moana tere ai, whakaea rawa atu ko Rangiātea (JPS 1928:178). / They were blown away by the wind, and when the wind finally subsided they were sailing far out in the open ocean, and when in addition a sea-mist was encountered, they ended up drifting on the open sea, eventually landing up at Rangiātea.
5. (verb) to be prominent.
He iwi rerekē atu i te Māori te whakatipu, arā he iwi roroa te tū o te tangata, he akaaka te āhua o te tū, he nunui ngā iwi, he uru tōtika, he mārō ngā huruhuru, he paraha te kanohi, he wharewhare ngā tukemata, he mata ngārara ngā whatu, he paruhi te ihu, ko te pongare anake o te ihu i whakaea (JPS 1928:187). / They were a people differing from the Māori in physique, that is to say, a tall, slim-built people, having big bones, straight and hard hair, flat faces, over-hanging eyebrows, restless eyes, and flat noses where only the nostrils of the nose appeared.
Synonyms: koutu, koure, whakarae, whakahī, kōhure, hōhō, ahurei, tutū, matararahi, tāpua
6. (verb) to appear above the surface, come up for air, surface for air.
Ka oma mai Wheke-a-Muturangi; whakaea rawa mai te manawa (M 2007:6). / Te Wheke-a-Muturangi fled here, surfacing for air.
7. (verb) to draw breath, breathe.
Ko te uma o te kōtiro e ka whakaea, ānō he hone moana āio i te waru e ūkura ana hoki i te tōanga o te rā, ka rite ki te kiri o tuawahine (NM 1928:58). / The girl's breast, oh when she breathed it was like the calm ocean swell in the eighth month (January) and the glowing of the setting of the sun was like the skin of our heroine.
2. (stative) be fulfilled.
tuarangaranga
1. (verb) to be unsettled, perplexed, rough, boisterous (of the sea).
Ka hoki kōmuri mai te titiro ki te pae maunga o Tararua, kei tōna take nei ko ngā wai rahopē i ētahi wā, tuarangaranga i ētahi wā, o Te Whanga-nui-a-Tara e papaki nei ki ōna takutai huri noa, huri noa i tēnei whanga (H 1992:4). / Looking back at the Tararua mountain range, at its base are the sometimes calm waters, at other times rough, of Wellington, breaking on its coast right around this bay.
Synonyms: pōrahurahu, harapuka, pōhēhē, pōrahu, rararu, raupeka, raruraru, raparapa, raru, pōkahu, pōkeka, pōritarita, pōrangirangi, pōrauraha, pōkaikaha, raumahara, māngonge, matara, taratara, torehapehape, tuatete, tūpā, mākinakina, tuaranga, mātoretore, pūtiotio, pūhungahunga, hīngarungaru, huakau, whekewheke, tupangarua, tuahuru
2. (adjective) be broken, rough (of the surface of the land).
I te taenga atu o Kupe ki Rangiātea, ka ui mai a Ngātoto ki a Kupe, “E Kupe! he aha te āhua o te whenua i kite nā koe? He raupapa rānei, he tuarangaranga rānei; he onetai, he onematua rānei te one.” (JPS 1913:115). / When Kupe reached Rai'atea, Ngātoto asked Kupe, “Kupe! What is the nature of that land you have discovered? Is it flat land, or rough land? Is the soil alluvial soil, or a loamy soil?”
Synonyms: tuaranga
3. (modifier) broken, rough (of the land surface).
Ka hia marama a ia e ārahi ana i tana ope i ngā wāhi tuarangaranga katoa o te waoku i te raki o Mareia (TTR 2000:154). / He led his company for many months on end in some of the roughest jungle in the north of Malaya.
4. (noun) boisterousness, turbulence.
Engari kia maumahara tātou ko te wā o te āiō tēnei, taihoa anō te tuarangaranga, te whenewhene o Hinemoana! (HM 2/1989:1). / But we should remember that this is a time of calm, in the future the turbulence and roughness of Hinemoana will occur again!
2. (verb) (-a) to skim along the surface.
runga
1. (location) the top, upper part, on, on top of, the top surface (of something) - a location word, or locative, which follows immediately after particles such as ki, i, hei and kei or is preceded by a when used as the subject of the sentence.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 15-16, 29-30; Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 24-25;)
He mangaeka a runga o te pakitara, he whero a raro. / The top of the wall is buff and the bottom is red.
3. (location) upon, in, on - when preceded by mā for travel in a canoe or vehicle. Runga is always used for travel on or in a vehicle.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 47-48;)
Ka haere mātou mā runga i te motokā o tōku matua. / We will go in my father's car.
4. (location) the south.
I rere atu rātou i Tāmaki-makau-rau ki runga, ki Te Whanga-nui-a-Tara. / They flew from Auckland to the south, to Wellington.
5. (location) the basis of, in accordance with - usually followed by anō.
I poroporoaki te kaikōrero ki te hunga kua mate, i runga anō i tā tātou tikanga ki tā te Māori. / In accordance with Māori custom, the speaker farewelled the people who have died.
I runga i te kupu a Henare Parata, ka tukua mai e te Tari Māori i Pōneke he nēhi, arā, he wahine tiaki tūroro (TP 2/1903:11). / On the word of Henare Parata, the Native Affairs Department in Wellington sent a nurse, that is, a woman who cares for sick people.
papa
1. (noun) board, timber, floor, slab, plank, chart, plane surface, bed (of a lake or the sea), Earth, shell of crayfish and molluscs - anything broad, flat and hard.
Ka tūtaki ētahi tāngata whakatū taiapa ki te papa kōhatu pāia pōnānā (HP 1991:27). / When some fencers encountered rocky land they became flustered.
Synonyms: paraki
2. (noun) victory.
Ko te ritenga tēnei o ngā hapū Māori ina tautohetohe ki te whenua - he whakaekeeke ki te whawhai, ā riro ana te papa i te hunga uekaha ki te pana atu i te hoariri (TKM.MM 12/2/1863:2). / This was the custom of the Māori tribes in disputes over land - they would engage in warfare, with the stronger party achieving the victory and driving out the enemy.
2. (modifier) hard surfaced, sealed.
He tika te mau o Ngāti Porou ki te nuinga o ō rātou whenua, te korenga i pau i te Pākehā te hoko, i te matara o tō rātou nā takiwā i ngā huarahi papatau o te Pākehā (TTT 1/8/1930:2120). / It's correct that Ngāti Porou retained most of their land and it was not sold to the Pākeha because their territory is quite distant from the sealed roads of the Pākehā.
3. (noun) hard surface.
3. (verb) (-na) to disappear below the horizon, disappear below the surface, set (of heavenly bodies).
Ko te tāima tēnei e rumaki ai te wairua, maea rawa atu i te puke ki Ōhau (TTT 1/7/1922:13). / This is the time that the spirit disappears below the surface and eventually emerges at the hill at Ōhau.
Synonyms: whakawhenua
4. (noun) planting.
Ko te kōanga tonu te wā tika mō tēnei mahi, mō te rumaki hua whenua (HM 4/1994:1). / Spring is the correct time for this task, for planting vegetables.
Synonyms: rerenga, whakatō, whakatōtō, whakatōnga, marotiritiri, pounga, ono, whakatiputipu
2. (noun) sequence, order, series.
Ko tāna tikanga raupapa hei whakahaere māna i ngā tauira he pākaha, pērā tonu i te raupapa whakahaere hōia (TTR 1998:175). / His method of maintaining order among his pupils was strict, just like military discipline.
Synonyms: raupapatanga, tono, ngare, ngarengare, whakahauhau, whakahau, whakaraupapa, ōta
3. (noun) flat ground, level surface.
I te taenga atu o Kupe ki Rangiātea, ka ui mai a Ngātoto ki a Kupe, “E Kupe! he aha te āhua o te whenua i kite nā koe? He raupapa rānei, he tuarangaranga rānei; he onetai, he onematua rānei te one.” (JPS 1913:115). / When Kupe reached Rai'atea, Ngātoto asked Kupe, “Kupe! What is the nature of that land you have discovered? Is it flat land, or rough land? Is the soil alluvial soil, or a loamy soil?”
Synonyms: kaupapa
puhake
1. (verb) to be full, up to the brim, overflowing, full to overflowing.
Ahakoa haere ō manapou mai, māngaingai ana ngā waewae ki te hoki, he puhake rawa nō te kete (HM 2/1993). / Although they had gone with few resources, the feet moved slowly home because their kits were so full.
Synonyms: kōhure, pūhakehake, puha, kōrengarenga
3. (verb) to surface, become apparent.
Nā te kōti whenua ka puhake ngā kino katoa: te kōrero parau, te tāhae, te hae, te whakamauāhara, te whanokē, te aroha-kore, te ngākau apo. Ahakoa mōhiotia te tika o te tangata ki te whenua ka romia, ka patua (TTT 1/8/1925:278). / Because of the land court all the evils became apparent: telling lies, stealing, envy, hatred, erratic behaviour, lack of compassion and greed. Despite the rights of people to land they were robbed and defeated.
taratara-o-Kai
1. (noun) a pattern of surface decoration in carving and in weaving found especially on pātaka.
See also taratara-a-Kai
kaupapa
2. (noun) topic, policy, matter for discussion, plan, purpose, scheme, proposal, agenda, subject, programme, theme, issue, initiative.
I tuhi a Rōpiha i ētahi pūrongo i 'Te Ao Hou', ā, i āwhina atu hoki ia ki te ārahi i ngā kaupapa a te maheni nei i ōna tau tuatahi (TTR 2000:188). / Rōpiha wrote articles for 'Te Ao Hou', and he also helped guide the magazine’s policies in its early years.
Synonyms: aronga, kaupapa here, hōtaka, marohi, hoaketanga, whāinga, koronga, kakai, tikanga, tātai, whakangārahu, mahere, whakatakoto, whakamahere, hoahoa, pēwheatanga, take, whakakaupapa, whakatakotoranga, whakaaro, tītakataka
3. (noun) raft.
Ka mahia te kaupapa raupō ... ka hoea taua kaupapa ki te au o te awa punga ai (White 5 1888:68). / The raupō raft was made and then it was paddled into the current of the river to anchor it.
See also kahupapa
4. (noun) main body of a cloak.
Ka whakamaua atu ngā huruhuru kiwi ki te kaupapa o te kahu (PK 2008:238). / The kiwi feathers were fixed to the body of the cloak.
2. (verb) (-a,-tia) to slice off, detach.
Ka mutu ngā tohutohu a te tangata rā, kātahi ia ka kau, ka tae ki te toka rā, ka ruku te tangata rā, ka ripi i te pāua, ka kī te kāwhiu, kātahi ka kumekumea e te tangata rā te taura ka kumea e tōna iwi te kāwhiu rā (JPS 1905:69). / After these directions that man swam out, and reaching the rock, dived down and commenced tearing off the pāua. When the pāua basket was full he gave a pull on the rope, and his people pulled it in.
3. (noun) cutting instrument, knife.
Ko ngā ripi me ngā kota ngā taputapu pounamu tahito rawa a te Māori (Te Ara 2013). / Knives and scrapers are among the oldest pounamu tools of the Māori.
4. (noun) frisbee.
haupapa
1. (verb) (-tia) to ambush, lie in wait for.
Nā reira ka āta whakatahi te iwi me i kore te hoariri e whai atu ki te ururua o te ngahere i tua atu o te pā, kia haupapatia ai e Heke me ana toa (TTR 1990:7). / And so the people deliberately withdrew in the hope that the enemy might follow into the undergrowth of the bush on the other side of the pā, so that they could be ambushed by Heke and his warriors.
2. (noun) flat surface.
Ko Te Raupa ko te haupapa pōhatu e takoto mai rā i te Hōtēra o Te Kaha, huri noa i te koi i Toka-a-kuku (TTT 1/4/1929:969). / Te Raupa is the stoney flat area located at the Te Kaha Hotel around to the headland at Toka-a-kuku.
3. (noun) frost, ice.
I a ia ka tata ki ngā takiwā o Amerika, ka tūtuki ia ki tētahi toka haupapa e teretere ana i waho o te moana, ā, e rua hāora i muri iho ka totohu (TP 4/1912:2). / While it was approaching the vicinity of America it struck an iceberg floating on the ocean and two hours later it sank.
mātoetoe
1. (verb) to be rough (of a surface), not smooth.
Ko te kupu 'mākohakoha', he āhua rite ki te māeneene, ā, i konei e whakaahua ana i te kiri o te ringa kāore i mātoetoe, kāore i raupā - ko te kiri o te pēpē kē pea te rite (HJ 2012:15). / The word 'mākohakoha' is a bit like māenene, and here it is likening the skin of the hands that were not rough, not calloused - perhaps like the skin of a baby.
2. (verb) to be cracked, split, fissured.
Kāore i muri mai o te waipuke, ka maroke, ka mārō, ka mātoetoe te parahuhu (PK 2008:596). / Not long after the flood, the silt dried, hardened and cracked.
3. (modifier) cracked, fissured.
He raumati iti te ua, he whenua mātoetoe (HJ 2017:200). / A summer of little rain, and cracked ground.
