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runga

1. (location) the top, upper part, on, on top of, the top surface (of something) - a location word, or locative, which follows immediately after particles such as ki, i, hei and kei or is preceded by a when used as the subject of the sentence.

(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 15-16, 29-30; Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 24-25;)

He mangaeka a runga o te pakitara, he whero a raro. / The top of the wall is buff and the bottom is red.

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Synonyms: , ā, hei, i, kei,


2. (location) above, over, up, upwards, up above - often used with ake for this meaning.

(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 24;)

Kei runga ake te ihu i te kakī. / The nose is above the neck

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See also runga ake

Synonyms: runga ake


3. (location) upon, in, on - when preceded by for travel in a canoe or vehicle. Runga is always used for travel on or in a vehicle.

(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 47-48;)

Ka haere mātou mā runga i te motokā o tōku matua. / We will go in my father's car.

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4. (location) the south.

I rere atu rātou i Tāmaki-makau-rau ki runga, ki Te Whanga-nui-a-Tara. / They flew from Auckland to the south, to Wellington.

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5. (location) the basis of, in accordance with - usually followed by anō.

I poroporoaki te kaikōrero ki te hunga kua mate, i runga anō i tā tātou tikanga ki tā te Māori. / In accordance with Māori custom, the speaker farewelled the people who have died.
I runga i te kupu a Henare Parata, ka tukua mai e te Tari Māori i Pōneke he nēhi, arā, he wahine tiaki tūroro (TP 2/1903:11). / On the word of Henare Parata, the Native Affairs Department in Wellington sent a nurse, that is, a woman who cares for sick people.

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