runga
1. (location) the top, upper part, on, on top of, the top surface (of something) - a location word, or locative, which follows immediately after particles such as ki, i, hei and kei or is preceded by a when used as the subject of the sentence.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 15-16, 29-30; Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 24-25;)
He mangaeka a runga o te pakitara, he whero a raro. / The top of the wall is buff and the bottom is red.
3. (location) upon, in, on - when preceded by mā for travel in a canoe or vehicle. Runga is always used for travel on or in a vehicle.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 47-48;)
Ka haere mātou mā runga i te motokā o tōku matua. / We will go in my father's car.
4. (location) the south.
I rere atu rātou i Tāmaki-makau-rau ki runga, ki Te Whanga-nui-a-Tara. / They flew from Auckland to the south, to Wellington.
5. (location) the basis of, in accordance with - usually followed by anō.
I poroporoaki te kaikōrero ki te hunga kua mate, i runga anō i tā tātou tikanga ki tā te Māori. / In accordance with Māori custom, the speaker farewelled the people who have died.
I runga i te kupu a Henare Parata, ka tukua mai e te Tari Māori i Pōneke he nēhi, arā, he wahine tiaki tūroro (TP 2/1903:11). / On the word of Henare Parata, the Native Affairs Department in Wellington sent a nurse, that is, a woman who cares for sick people.
