rerenga kōrero
1. (noun) sentence, phrase, saying.
Ka whakapono ētahi iwi Māori, ko te putanga o Puanga kē te tohu ki te tau hōu a te Māori, kāpā ko Matariki. Koirā te takenga o te rerenga kōrero ‘Puanga kai rau’, mō te nui o te kai i tēnei wā o te tau (Te Ara 2013). / Some Māori tribes believed that it was the rising of the star Rigel which heralded the Māori new year, not Matariki. Hence the saying: ‘Puanga of a hundred foods' for the abundance of food at this time of the year.
Synonyms: rerenga kupu, whiu tārewa, whakawhiu, whiu, rerenga, whiu, kīanga, kī, pepeha, kupu, whakapepeha, kīnga, tūātau
whiu
1. (verb) (-a) to toss, throw, fling, drive (animals, etc.), herd, put, place, wield.
He nui anō ngā whare i whiua e te wai ki waenganui o ngā rori i ngā tāone ki reira taipū ai, ko ētahi ka toru ka whā rau iāri e kāhakina haeretia ana ka potapota noa (TWMNT 6/10/1874:256). / Many houses were thrown into the middle of the roads by the water where they were piled up, some were carried three or four hundred yards and were smashed into pieces.
Synonyms: waiho, whoatu, hoatu, uaki, whiuwhiu, kopou, whakanohonoho, wāhi, whakatakoto, taiwhanga, whakanohonoho, whakanoho, wāhanga, whakatū, panga, moka, makamaka, maka
2. (verb) (-a) to present.
I te 3 o ngā hāora i te ahiahi o te Paraire, ka whiua te kaimata, te pēke o te parāoa, o te huka; te pouaka o te tī; te kau, te poaka, te hipi, te huahua tītī, kererū (KO 15/12/1886:8). / At 3 pm on Friday afternoon, the uncooked food, the bags of flour and sugar; the box of tea; the cow, the pig, the sheep, the preserved mutton birds and pigeons were presented.
Synonyms: kōparepare, hākari, tuari, koha, onāianei, whakaari, whakawhiwhi, whakahiku, tāpae, perehana, tuku
3. (verb) (-a) to penalise, punish, lash, whip, chastise, flog.
I raro i te ture poropeihana, ka āhei kia whiua te Pākehā e hoatu ana, e hoko atu ana rānei, i te waipiro ki te Māori i taua takiwā (TKO 15/5/1917:7). / Under the prohibition law Pākehā can be punished for supplying or selling alcohol to Māori in that region.
Synonyms: whakawhiu, whaina, hāmene, ngawhi, whiwhita, rona, karawhiu, mīmiro, tui, tauhere, whakarorerore, mimire, ruruku, tātā
4. (noun) penalty, sentence, punishment.
Nō te kīanga atu a te tiati ki a ia, "Ko te whiu mōu tekau ngā tau ki te whare herehere," hei konei ka kanga te Māori nei (TP 1/1909:5). / When the judge said to him, "The sentence for you is ten years in prison," the Māori swore.
Synonyms: whiu, rerenga, rerenga kōrero, whiu tārewa, hāmene, whakawhiu, ngawhi, whiunga, whepu
5. (noun) hitting, wielding, knocking, driving.
Ka kaha tana whiu i tana hama ki runga i te upoko o te nēra, e kore e piko, e kore e whati. / When he hits his hammer hard on the head of the nail, it won't bend or snap off.
Synonyms: patō, pātōtō, tākurukuru
2. (noun) direct line of ancestry through the senior line.
Ko te tāuhu o tōu kāwai whakapapa i ahu iho nei i Te Heketanga-a-Rangi ki ōu tūpuna nā rātau nei a Te Arawa i whakawhiti mai i Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa (TTT 1/2/1924:7). / The direct senior line of your genealogy comes down from Te Hekenga-a-Rangi to your ancestors who crossed the Pacific Ocean on Te Arawa.
tāhū
1. (noun) ridge pole (of a house), ridge-beam (of a house), main theme, subject of a sentence.
Ko Tākitimu te whare pai ngā waihanga, engari nō taku kitenga i a Porourangi heoi anō kua ngaro ōku mahara ki a Takitimu, kua riro katoa kua whaiāipo ki a Porourangi; i te tamatāne o te āhua, o te tū o te whare; i te rite, i te ātanga, o ngā whakairo, o ngā pou, o ngā pakitara, o te tungaroa, me te whatitoka, me te roro, me te matapihi, me ngā arapaki, kāore he rite i i kitea e ahau i te motu katoa nei, hāunga hoki ngā tuhituhi o ngā heke me te tāhū. (TP 1/7/1902:6). / Tākitimu was built beautifully, but when I saw Porourangi my thoughts about Tākitimu were forgotten and I fell in love with Porourangi; the youthful masculinity of the house's appearance and structure; the architecture and beauty of the carvings, posts, walls, the back wall and the door, verandah, window and the ornamental lattice-work, and not to mention the paintings of the rafters and the ridgepole.
2. (noun) direct line of ancestry through the senior line.
Ko ēnei tāngata, ko Tuamatua rāua ko Uruika, ko rāua te tāhū nui o Te Hekengarangi, te tino kāwai ariki: ko rāua te tāhū iho, tae iho ki ngā uri (W 1971:360). / These two people, Tuamatua and Uruika, are the direct line of ancestry of Te Hekengarangi, the senior line: they are the direct line down to the descendants.
3. (noun) subject of a sentence (grammar).
I te rerenga 'Kei te kai rātou', ko te kupu 'rātou' te tāhū. I te rerenga 'E ngongoro ana te ihu', ko 'te ihu' te tāhū (PK 2008:810). / In the sentence 'Kei te kai rātou', the word 'rātou' is the subject. In the sentence 'E ngongoro ana te ihu', the subject is 'te ihu'.
4. (noun) plot (drama).
Kātahi te tāhū whīwhiwhi, me whakamāmā pea (RMR 2017). / What a complicated plot. Perhaps it should be simplified.
whakakāhore
1. (verb) (-ngia,-tia) to refuse, deny, negate, abolish, annul, object, annihilate.
E kore tēnā kōrero e taea te whakakāhore (W 197184). / That statement can not be denied.
Synonyms: whakakorekore, whakakore, whākorekore, kape, para, whakahoe, whakapeka, hawa, whakanau, huru, ota, whakapekapeka, kapurangi, rawa, whakatoitoi, takunetanga, ahanoa, mea, tarawene, tohe, tohetohe, taonga
2. (verb) to turn into a negative sentence, negate (grammar).
Hei whakamaumahara noa ake, kei te hē te 'Ehara au he (kupuingoa)' hei whakakāhore i te 'He (kupuingoa) au.' Me huri rawa te 'he' kia 'i te', pēnei nā: He kōtiro au. Ehara au i te kōtiro (HJ 2012:71). / As a strong reminder, 'Ehara au he (noun)' is incorrect to negate 'He (noun) au.' The 'he' must be changed to 'i te', for example: He kōtiro au. Ehara au i te kōtiro.
whakawhiu
1. (verb) (-a,-ngia) to oppress, afflict, punish.
2. (modifier) threatening, intimidating, bullying.
Ka mate ngā wāhine te huri tuarā ki ērā tūmomo kupu whakawhiu, te whārere ō rātou tūranga mahi rānei, te kōrero rānei ki ngā pirihimana (Te Ara 2014). / The women ignored those threats, or abandoned their work, or spoke to the police.
3. (noun) punishment, sentence, penalty, chastisement.
I ohorere a Te Pahi ki ngā tikanga me ngā ture a te Pākehā, he whakahouhou; i ongaonga rawa atu ia i te taumaha o ngā whakawhiu a te Pākehā mō ngā hara whēnako, ehara noa iho nei (TTR 1990:240). / Te Pahi was shocked and disgusted by the customs and laws of the Pākehā; he was horrified by the severity of Pākehā sentences for minor theft.
Synonyms: rerenga kōrero, rerenga, whiu, whiu tārewa, ngawhi, whiu, whiunga, whepu, hāmene
tāhuhu
1. (noun) ridge pole (of a house), subject of a sentence, main theme, direct line of ancestry.
Koirā a ia i kī ai: 'Māku anō e hanga tōku nei whare. Ko te tāhuhu he hīnau ko ngā poupou he māhoe, patatē. Me whakatupu ki te hua o te rengarenga, me whakapakari ki te hua o te kawariki.' (TTR 1994:134) / That's why he said: 'I myself shall build my house. The ridge-pole will be of hīnau and the supporting posts of māhoe and patatē. Raise the people with the fruit of the rengarenga, strengthened them with the fruits of the kawariki.'
rerenga
1. (noun) (language) sentence.
Synonyms: whakawhiu, whiu, rerenga kōrero, whiu, whiu tārewa
whiu
1. (transitive verb) (justice) sentence.
Synonyms: whakawhiu, whiu, rerenga kōrero, rerenga, whiu tārewa
whiu tārewa
1. (noun) indeterminate sentence.
Synonyms: whakawhiu, whiu, rerenga kōrero, rerenga, whiu
3. (noun) flowing.
Nui atu i te iwa tekau māero te whānui o te ngutuawa, o taua awa; ka wai māori tonu atu te moana i te wai o taua awa, tae noa atu ki te kotahi rau e rua tekau māero te roa o te rerenga o te wai māori ki waho ki te moana (TWMNT 18/4/1876:90). / The width of that river mouth is more than ninety miles. The sea is of fresh water because that river flows with fresh water right out to one hundred and twenty miles distance out into the ocean.
4. (noun) setting, rising (of the sun, etc.).
Ka tata au ki te rerenga o te rā, ki te tōnga o te rā (TPH 15/7/1900:4). / I am approaching the setting of the sun.
Synonyms: takiwā, tautanga, whakanoho, whakanohonoho
5. (noun) person who has escaped, fugitive, survivor, refugee, sentence (language).
I taua wā e awhitia ana Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti i Te Pourewa e Te Whānau-a-Ruataupare o Tokomaru me wētahi o ngā rerenga o Ngāti Porou (TTR 1990:16). / At that time Te Whānau-a-Ruataupare of Tokomaru Bay and some fugitives of Ngāti Porou were besieging Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti at Te Pourewa.
Synonyms: konene
6. (noun) offshoots of a family, distant relatives.
Nō te 15 ka mate a Meiha Keepa, tīmata i taua rā tae noa ki te 18 ko Whanganui anake e whakaeke ana ki te tangi. I te 19 ko Ngā Rauru e 90 me ngā rerenga, awatea ake ko Ngāti Apa e 30 me ngā rerenga, awatea ake ko Rangitāne, ko Muaupoko e 80 me ngā rerenga, i te ahiahi ko Ngāti Raukawa e 60 me ōna rerenga (TJ 10/5/1898:5). / On the 15th Major Kemp died and from that day until the 18th it was only Whanganui that attended the tangi. On the 19th it was 90 of Ngā Rauru and their relatives and next day there were 30 of Ngāti Apa and their relatives, next day were 80 Rangitāne and Muaupoko and their relatives and in the afternoon it was 60 Ngāti Raukawa with their relatives.
7. (noun) planting (of kūmara, etc.).
He tika titiro ai ngā tūpuna ki ngā pō tika hei rerenga mō te kūmara, hei ngā pō kore ua nō te mea ki te rokohanga te kōpura kūmara e te ua ka mate (TKO 11/1920:4). / It's right that the ancestors considered what were the correct nights for planting kūmara and nights when there was no rain, because if it rained the kūmara tubers would die.
Synonyms: pounga, ono, whakatiputipu, rumaki, whakatō, whakatōtō, whakatōnga, marotiritiri
8. (noun) variation, version, variant.
Kauā: Ko tētahi rerenga o tēnei ingoa he kauwaha, he momo anō nō te āwheto (M 2006:236). / Kauā: Another variation of this name is 'kauwaha', a species of caterpillar.
9. (noun) issue (e.g. of a newspaper).
E ono anō ngā rerenga o 'Te Pihoihoi' ka mutu, nō te pō ka wāwāhia e ngā Māori te perehi ko ngā reta i whakarewaina hei matā pū (TP 12/1906:10). / There were just six issues of 'Te Pihoihoi' before it stopped and one night the printing press was smashed by the Māori and the type was melted down for bullets.
kāore
1. (negative) no, not - a negative word used on its own or in a variety of sentence types. Kāore is the most common form but has dialectal variations which include kāhore, kāre, karekau and horekau. Its main uses are explained below where it is listed with each of the various particles it occurs before. As well as being marked by a negative word, negative sentences often differ from corresponding affirmative sentences by having a different word order and sometimes different particles.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 15, 56, 75-76, 83-84, 109-110; Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 25;)
2. (negative) Used for the negative of affirmative sentences beginning with he followed by a noun and a possessive determiner on its own, e.g. tāku, ōna, tō māua, ā rātou, etc. Such sentences assert ownership. The possessive determiner is always in the plural in the negative.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 109-110;)
3. (interjection) so, how great - used to express surprise, admiration, distress, etc. this use is often found in mōteatea.
Kāore te mamae, ngau kino ki te hoa (M 2004:60). / How great is the pain that gnaws for my friend.
Kāore hoki taku whakatakariri ki aku mokopuna e kukume kino nei i au, ē (M 2004:386). / How great is my anger towards my grandchildren who have dragged me here.
ehara
1. (negative) on the contrary - used to negate a negative sentence or question and may be followed by tonu.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 110;)
Kāore ōu hū? Ehara! He hū anō ōku. / Don't you have any shoes? On the contrary, I do have some shoes.
Synonyms: engaringari, anō, tonu, engari
2. (particle) sure enough (used in animated narrative), for sure - but not used with this meaning after negatives (see above).
Kotahi anō te whakarerenga iho o tana mere, ehara, kua mate tana hoariri. / With just one blow of his club, sure enough his enemy was dead.
See also ehara (tonu)!
3. (negative) Used in various negative sentence types, especially, but not exclusively, with those that do not have verbs. These uses are explained under separate entries where ehara is listed with each of the various particles it occurs before. As well as being marked by a negative word, negative sentences often differ from corresponding affirmative sentences by having a different word order and sometimes different particles.
2. (particle) to, that - to indicate a purpose, wish, or effect. Used in this way if the second verb is passive or a stative, or if the subject of the subordinate clause is different from that of the main clause, i.e. the person, people, thing or things doing the actions in the two parts of the sentence are different. Kia may be used if the person, people, thing or things doing the action in the two parts of the sentence are the same, or is part of a group, if an appropriate personal pronoun is used, e.g. as in the second example sentence.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 98;)
I tonoa rātou kia waiata. / They were asked to sing.
E hiahia ana a Wī kia haere ia ki te wānanga reo (HJ 2017:179). / Wī wanted to go to the Māori language live-in school.
3. (particle) be, let be - indicates that it is desirable for something to occur. Used this way in giving commands involving adjectives (statives) and experience verbs.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 27, 58;)
See also kia kaha
4. (particle) Used to ask and say how many things are needed.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 63;)
Kia hia ngā tīkiti māu? Kia rua. / How many tickets do you need? Two, please.
5. (particle) not yet.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 56-57;)
See also kāore anō ... kia
Synonyms: kīanō
6. (particle) so that, in order that.
See also kia ... ai, kia kore ai ... e ...
8. (particle) so that ... will not/would not.
(Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 31-32;)
See also kia kore ai ... e ...
ehara nā/nō
1. (negative) does not belong to, did not belong to - the usual word to negate affirmative sentences beginning with nā or nō is ehara. This is merely placed before the affirmative sentence. Although this is a common form in modern Māori, the alternative ehara i a ... was the more usual negative for nā and nō in classical Māori.
(Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 29-30;)
Ehara nā Te Tiwha tēnei whakaahua. / This photograph does not belong to Te Tiwha.
See also ehara i a
2. (negative) if the subject is a pronoun it can be placed immediately after ehara.
3. (negative) did not - with sentences where the emphasis is on the actor to form the negative ehara merely precedes the affirmative sentence.
(Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 29-30;)
kāore anō ... kia
1. (negative) has not yet, have not yet - the usual negative for affirmative sentences that begin with kua. While anō is usually present it is sometimes omitted. Kia may be replaced by i. There is usually a change in word order from the affirmative sentence, although this is not essential.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 56;)
See also kia
hāngū
1. (verb) to be dumb, mute, quiet, incommunicative, not talkative, silent, taciturn, passive, still.
Ko ana tikanga e rite ana ki tā mātou titiro ki te tangata i kīia e te iwi he tino tangata, ā hāngū tonu iho (TW 26/7/1875:112). / In our opinion his career is like the man who the people said was wise, but was mute.
2. (modifier) dumb, mute, quiet, incommunicative, not talkative, silent, taciturn, passive.
Mā tana noho hāngū ka kīia ai e te iwi he tika te kōrero tūtara mōna (TW 11/8/1877:322). / Because he remained silent the people said that the rumour about him was correct.
Synonyms: wahangū, whakaroau, mū, noho ngutu kau, ngū, mōhū, whakakeke, haumūmū, whakamārie, whakamāria, whakamārire, hū, rata, hūnguengue, rarata, mārire, maho, rangimārie, māhaki, māika, nohopuku, tōngā, nguengue
3. (noun) mute.
I whakapai nei i ngā tamariki i mauria atu ki a Ia; i whakaora nei i ngā matapō, i ngā taringa kua turi, i ngā hāngū, i ngā kopa, i ngā repera (THM 1/4/1889:5). / He blessed the children brought to Him; cured the blind, the deaf, the mute, the lame and the lepers.
4. (modifier) passive - a grammatical term for passive sentences (rerenga hāngū) when the subject undergoes the action of the verb, i.e. is passive not active. In Māori, verbs used in passive sentences usually take a passive ending and the agent of the action is preceded by e.
He rerenga hāngū tēnei: Ka tukuna atu e mātou he karere ki a Rua i Matahī, kia haere mai ki te āwhina i a mātou (TTT 1/5/1925:227). / This is a passive sentence: A message was sent by us to Rua at Matahī to come to assist us.
See also pīmuri whakahāngū
me te aha
1. and as a result, as a result, consequently, hence, thus - an idiom to say that what follows is a result of what has been stated earlier in the sentence, or in the previous sentence.
Ka karekare te wai, me te aha, tahuri ana tō rāua poti. / The water became rough and as a result their boat capsized.
Ka karawhiu te marangai, me te aha, waipuketia ana te whārua (HKK 1999:188). / The storm raged and consequently the valley was flooded.
