tonu
1. (particle) still, continues, unceasing, continuously, simply - a manner particle that denotes continuance, permanence or exactness and follows immediately after the word it applies to. Often used with the verbal particles which have a progressive or continuous sense, i.e. e ... ana, kei te ... and i te ... Where tonu follows a verb in the passive it will take a passive ending also, usually -tia. In this situation the passive ending may be dropped from the verb, but not from tonu.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 57, 120; Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 91-92;)
Mehemea i te ora tonu ia, kua kite i te ātaahua o tana mokopuna. / If she was still alive, she would have seen how beautiful her grandchild is.
I nuku atu i te rua rau ngā waiata i titoa e Tuīni e maumahara tonutia ana i nāianei (TTR 2000:132). / Tuīni composed more than two hundred songs which are still remembered today.
2. (particle) nonetheless, all the same, still - indicates permanence or stability of a procedure, arrangement or idea.
I tū tonu tā mātou kura reo, engari i kawea ki tētahi marae kē atu. / Our language school was still held, but it was taken to another marae.
Synonyms: aua atu (rā)
3. (particle) very, indeed, exceedingly, indeed, even, in fact, right, just, really, only - used to intensify or to emphasise. Often used with statives and adjectives.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 125; Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 119-120;)
Kī tonu te rūma i te wāhine. / The room was full of women.
He matatau tonu a Tio ki te kōrero i te reo Māori. / Joe is very fluent in speaking Māori.
E hia ngā kakī i kitea e kōrua? Kotahi tonu. / How many black stilts did you two see? Only one.
Synonyms: anahe, nahe, anake, matau, tikanga, take, tōtika, matatika, mōtika, rā pea, kē, koia, koia, tinana, koa, katoa, rawa, i neki, inā, ata, rā anō, rānō, tino, tata, ake, noa iho, mārire, mārika, mārie, heipū, ia rā, ia, noa ake, tōkeke, noa, tou, tika, kau
4. (particle) on the contrary, of course, do so, do too, can too, are so - to show disagreement with a statement just made.
Rangi: E mea ana ia kāore ōna hū omaoma. Hine: He hū omaoma tonu ōna. Kei te karo kē pea i te oma (HJ 2015:58). / Rangi: She is saying that she has no running shoes. Hine: On the contrary she does have some running shoes. She is probably dodging the run.
Kei te maumahara tonu au. / Of course I remember.
Synonyms: engari, engaringari, anō, ehara
5. (particle) as soon as, immediately, promptly, forthwith, without difficulty - expresses the idea of immediacy, without delay or with little need for effort.
Pā tonu mai te karanga, ka whakaeke tō mātou ope. / As soon as we heard the call, our party went onto the marae.
6. (particle) quite, fairly, so so - to indicate didn't or hasn't yet reached its full potential or been fully realised.
I pai tonu, engari kāore i inati te pai (HJ 2015:59). / It was quite good, but not exceptional.
Synonyms: tino, noa iho, tou, (ko) tōna ... (nei), kāhua, hengahenga, hangehange, āta, kere, koia, rawa, āhua, anō, noa
7. (particle) almost, just about, virtually.
8. (particle) just like, exactly the same - when following rite.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 26;)
Kātahi, ka whakatika atu tētahi o ngā rangatira, ko Te Taero te ingoa. Anā, rite tonu hoki āna kupu ki ā ngā mitinare (JPS 1990:139). / Then one of the chiefs stood up. His name was Te Taero. Behold, his words were also exactly the same as the missionaries'.
See also rite tonu, he rite tonu, kia rite tonu
Synonyms: anō, me kore ake, me/mai/mei kore ake ..., mai kore ake, mei kore ake, rite tonu
9. (particle) always, all the time, continually (when following rite).
(Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 29;)
Ko tēnei wāhi i mōhio whānuitia, ā, he rite tonu te peka atu o ngā ope haere ki te whakangā, ki te whakahauora (TTR 1990:74). / This place was well-known and travelling parties stopped off all the time to rest and refresh.
See also rite tonu, he rite tonu
kōmemememe
1. (verb) to mutter continuously, complain continuously.
E kōmemememe ana ngā kaihuri parāoa i te kore o ngā witi e puta mai ana i te tahatika i roto i te takiwa kua pahure tata ake nei. E iti ana te witi ki a rātou, ko ngā witi e puta mai ana i roto i te wiki kotahi kāore e rite ki ngā parāoa e pau ana i roto i taua wiki kotahi (MM.TKM 15/12/1858:6). / In recent times the millers have been complaining about the lack of wheat that has been coming from the coast. The stocks they have are limited, and the weekly supplies are insufficient for the weekly bread consumption.
2. (noun) complaint, criticism, grumble.
E rua tahi ngā hua kino i roto i tērā reta e kitea nuitia ana i roto i ana kōmemememe, he mauāhara tētahi, he patu tēnā i tā te Atua ture e mea nei, 'Murua ō mātou harā me mātou e muru nei i ō te hunga e hara ana ki a mātou.' (KO 15/5/1884:3). / There are two offensive statements in that letter revealed clearly in his complaints. One is the animosity, which assaults what God says, 'Forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive them that trespass against us.'
hono
1. (verb) (-a) to join, connect, splice, add, log on.
Honoa te haumi, aukaha rawa i ngā rauawa, whakaū rawa he herepuru anō mō ngā rauawa, he raupō hoki mō te wai kei uru ki roto (TWMNT 17/11/1874:285). / Add the canoe extension, lash the top boards, reinforce the caulking for the top boards and also with raupō least water leaks in.
Synonyms: takiuru, haumi, honohono, pūtahi, tūhono, kuhukuhu, whakakapiti, porotūtaki, porotūtataki, uhono, tūhonohono, tāpiri, whakauru, pāhekoheko, hiki, tūhoto, uru, whakamoemoe, whakatapoko
2. (verb) (-a,-ngia) to marry, wed.
Nō te 24 o Āperira i te tau 1899 i Mātihetihe, i moea ai e Himiona Kāmira a Mereana Harekuku (ko Te Ruru tētahi anō o ōna ingoa) o Ōrira. Nā Pā John Baptist Becker (ko Pā Hoane tōna ingoa ki ngā Māori o Te Hokianga) rāua i hono (TTR 1998:74). / On 24 April 1899, at Matihetihe, Himiona Kāmira married Mereana Harekuku (also known as Te Ruru) of Ōrira. Father John Baptist Becker (Pā Hoane was his name among Māori of Hokianga) married them.
3. (verb) to continually, continual.
Tēnā ko tēnei, hono tonu, hono tonu te tangi ki te motu mō te mate rawa atu o tēnei nūpepa (KO 15/12/1883:1). / Now this one is continually lamenting to the country that this newspaper is in dire straits.
4. (modifier) linking, connecting.
He tātai hono anō ōna ki a Ngāti Rongomaiwahine me Ngāti Rākaipaaka o Nūhaka me Te Māhia, tae atu ki a Rongowhakaata me Ngāi Tāmanuhiri o te takiwā o Tūranga (TTR 2000:129). / He had genealogical links to Ngāti Rongomaiwahine and Ngāti Rākaipaaka of Nūhaka and Māhia, and to Rongowhakaata and Ngāi Tāmanuhiri of the Gisborne area.
Synonyms: tūhonohono
5. (noun) link, joining, connection.
Ahakoa te hono atu o ētahi o Ngāti Ira mā ki te tira whawhai a Te Kooti, kāre a Te Popo i mau rākau (TTR 1994:. / Despite some of Ngāti Ira joining Te Kooti's fighting force, Hira Te Popo did not take up arms himself.
Synonyms: tūhonotanga, pahekotanga, whaitake, taukaea, piringa, tauhere, hononga
riterite
1. (verb) to be like, alike, equal to, ready.
E ai ki te kōrero, riterite tonu tana pūkenga ki tō Āpirana, ā, he tino tohunga anō hoki ia mō ngā tuhituhinga i te reo Māori (TTR 1998:57). / According to accounts, his competency was equal to that of Āpirana and he was an eminent authority on Māori literature.
Synonyms: takatū, whiwhita, atamai, reri, pai, ānō, pīrangi, rata, rite, tairite, ānō nei, enanga, kei, matareka, manako, me, ōrite
2. (verb) to be continual, regularly, always, all the time, continually, constantly - usually followed by tonu.
Riterite tonu tana tae ake me tana whānau ki ngā rā karakia o ia marama o te Hāhi Ringatū ka tū nei ki Tākipū marae (TTR 2000:190). / With her family she regularly attended Ringatū services held monthly at Tākipū marae.
Synonyms: ai, ka mutu tonu te/tā ...
epaepa
1. (verb) (-ina,-ngia) to throw, pelt (continuously).
Nō muri ka rongo rātou ki ētahi tāngata he rāhui maki kūao nāna rātou i epaepa ki te kōwhatu i a rātou e hī ana (TWM 2/7/1868:4). / Later they heard from some people that it was a mob of young monkeys that pelted them with stones while they were fishing.
Synonyms: karaepaepa
2. (noun) throwing, tossing, casting, pelting (repeatedly).
Te Wīwī rāua ko Tiamana: E kī ana ngā nūpepa o te 20 o Noema, 1883, e pōngurunguru ana ēnei rangatiranga e rua ki a rāua; e whakatara ana tētahi ki tētahi, nui atu te wene, te whakanehenehe. Ko tēnei mahi ā rāua, he pakanga nūpepa, me te epaepa kōwhatu te hanga (KO 15/1/1884:4). / The French and Germans: The newspapers of 20 November are saying that these two nations are at loggerheads; each is challenging the other and there is much resentment and quarrelling. This activity of theirs is a newspaper battle, like throwing stones.
3. (noun) continual sound, rumble, hum.
I kōrero rātou mō te rarā o te whatitiri, me te mura o te uira e kōhikohiko ana. / They spoke about the rumble of the thunder and the glow of the lightning flashing.
Ka rongo au i te rarā o ngā waha, ka mōhio iho kua tae au ki te rūma tika (HJ 2017:16). / When I heard the hum of voices, I knew I had reached the right room.
Synonyms: māorooro, wheoro, kokō, ngunguru, oro, wawā, haruru, hanguru, horu
atua
1. (noun) ancestor with continuing influence, god, demon, supernatural being, deity, ghost, object of superstitious regard, strange being - although often translated as 'god' and now also used for the Christian God, this is a misconception of the real meaning. Many Māori trace their ancestry from atua in their whakapapa and they are regarded as ancestors with influence over particular domains. These atua also were a way of rationalising and perceiving the world. Normally invisible, atua may have visible representations.
Ko te atua o te pakanga, ko Tū-mata-uenga. He maha ōna ingoa: Tū-kā-riri, Tū-te-ngaehe, Tū-mata-uenga, Tū-tawake, Tū-whakamoana-ariki, Tū-kai-taua, Tū-kai-tangata (M 2006:122). / The atua of war, Tū-mata-uenga. He has several names: Tū-kā-riri (Tū-the angry-one), Tū-te-ngaehe (Tū-who-tears-apart), Tū-mata-uenga (Tū-who-incites), Tū-tawake (Tū-who-hastens), Tū-whakamoana-ariki (Tū-who-enriches-the-sea), Tū-kai-taua (Tū-who-destroys-war-parties), Tū-kai-tangata (Tū-who-destroys-mankind) (M 2006:123).
2. (noun) God.
E tino maumahara ana au ki taua pō e inoi ana tō mātau koroua ki Te Atua kia tohungia mātau (HP 1991:14). / I well remember that night when our grandfather was praying to God that we be spared.
haere
1. (verb) (-a,-hia,-tia) to go, depart, travel, walk, continue, come (when followed by mai).
Ka mutu tēnei ka haere atu rātau ki te pāra ki te haina i ō rātau ingoa ki te pukapuka a te wahine a te Kāwana (TPH 7/6/1898:6). / When this ended they went to the parlour to sign the book of the Governor's wife.
Ka haerehia e te wīra o muri a runga o taku waewae katau (HP 1991:22). / The back wheel ran over my right leg.
See also haere mai!
2. (modifier) becoming, getting - indicates gradual change or progressive increase in a state when following a verb.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 100;)
Kua piki haere te utu o ngā kai. / The price of food has slowly risen.
Kei konā tonu ōna punua hapa engari e pakari haere ana (HM 4/1998). / There are still some minor errors but she's gradually becoming proficient.
3. (modifier) along, while moving – when used following another verb it indicates action being done while moving.
(Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 28-29;)
Ka kite au i te tohorā e pupuha haere ana. / I saw the southern right whale spouting as it went.
4. (modifier) to go - used following hiahia and pīrangi as a shortened form for hiahia ki te haere 'to want to go'.
Ka kōrero atu au ki aku rangatira o te puni, kua mate taku pāpā, ā, kei te hiahia haere tonu au i taua wā, i taua rangi. / I told my superiors of the camp that my father had died and that I wanted to go right then, that day.
See also hiahia haere
5. (noun) journey, trip, travel.
Ko te take o taua haere, he whakahau tonu ki ērā iwi kia mau tonu ki te whakapono (TWMNT 17/7/1872:94). / The purpose of that trip was to urge those peoples to continue to hold on to the faith.
6. (noun) progress.
Ki tā rātau titiro kai te pai te haere o ngā mahi o te kura (EM 2002:24). / From their observations the work of the school was progressing well.
Synonyms: kauneke, kaneke, whakaahu whakamua
7. (interjection) goodbye, farewell, go.
Haere! Haere! Haere! (RNZ 1981:28). / Farewell! Farewell! Farewell! (RNZ 1981:28)
2. (noun) roar, continuous noise, rumble, thud.
Nā, i tōna taenga atu ki raro i tētahi pari, e tūpou haere atu ana hoki ia, e kuhu haere ana hoki mā raro i te ururua, ka rongo ake ia i te haruru nui, kāore i taro, ehara, kua mau ngā matihao o tētahi kurī ki tōna kakī me te ngunguru mai hoki o taua kurī nei (TWMNT 22/6/1875:175). / Now, when he reached the bottom of a cliff, and he was stooped over as he entered the undergrowth by foot, he heard a loud noise, and before long, low and behold, an animal caught his neck with its claws and it was growling.
Synonyms: wawā, horu, māorooro, wheoro, kokō, ngunguru, oro, hanguru, rarā
2. (noun) high-pitched continuous sound.
2. (verb) (-na) to lead, bring along, lead a song.
Kāti te riri, whakarērea hoki te ārita; kei mamae koe, kei tākina kia mahi i te kino (PT Ngā Waiata 37:8). / Do not be angry, and forsake wrath; lest you be hurt or led into evil deeds.
Synonyms: whakahaere tikanga, kaea, whakahaere, ārahi, arataki, huataki, konumatā, tā, whakataki, kōkiri, whaitaki, takitaki, tātaki, matā
3. (verb) (tākina) to recite.
Ka tākina ēnei karakia e te tohunga (Te Ara 2014). / These ritual chants were recited by the tohunga.
4. (verb) (-na) to rise - used in the passive for the rising of stars and heavenly bodies.
Tākina mai rā ngā huihui o Matariki, Puanga, Tautoru, ka ngaro Atutahi māna e whakarewa te tini whetū riki ka rewa kei runga (TJ 11/5/1899:4). / The constellations of the Pleiades, Rigel, Orion rise and Canopus disappears and elevates the many small stars suspended above.
5. (noun) kākā snare - a perch placed in a tree for a decoy kākā to lure in other kākā.
Ka herea te manu taupunga ki te pūtake o te taki. Ka whakangē te kākā mōkai kia rere mai ai ētahi atu kākā (Te Ara 2011). / The decoy bird was tied to the base of the bird snaring trap. The pet kākā screeched so that other kākā would fly there.
6. (noun) beat (music).
Mā te tāruarua i te tauira taki o tētahi puoro e puta ai tōna ūngeri (RTP 2015:98). / The rhythm of a piece of music comes from its repeating pattern of beats (RTP 2015:98).
tūmau
1. (verb) to be fixed, constant, permanent, continuous.
He iwi nui te Pākehā, e kore e taea te tatau; kua tūmau hoki tōna noho ki uta nei, e kore e taea te whakaunu; kua hōhonu ki te whenua ngā pakiaka o te rākau e kore e taea te huhuti (TWM 17/7/1869:4). / The Pākehā are a numerous, they can't be counted; and they are living here permanently and cannot be removed; the roots of the tree are deep and will not be pulled up.
2. (verb) to serve as a servant or attendant.
E ruarua nei ngā tau e tūmau tūao mai ana ia i ngā waka tūroro o te rohe o Tūtaenui (TTR 2000:6). / She was serving as a volunteer ambulance attendant in the Marton area for several years.
4. (noun) identity (maths).
Ko te kore (0) te tūmau o te tāpiritanga me te tangohanga. Arā, ki te tāpirihia, ki te tangohia rānei te 0 i tētahi tau, ka noho pūmau tonu te uara o taua tau: 34 + 0 = 34 34 - 0 = 34 (TRP 2010:189). / Nought (0) is the identity of the addition and subtraction. That is, if 0 is added or subtracted, the value of that number remains the same: 34 + 0 = 34 34 - 0 = 34.
he rite tonu
1. always, all the time, continually, constantly, ad nauseam, over and over - an idiom to indicate that omething happens over and over.
(Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 29;)
He rite tonu te ngarongaro atu o Āpirana ki Pōneke i te pōtitanga i a ia i 1905 hai Mema Pāremata mō Te Tai Rāwhiti (TTR 1996:113). / After he was elected in 1905 as a Member of Parliament for Eastern Māori, Āpirana often disappeared to Wellington.
See also rite tonu
2. (modifier) continuing.
Nō te tau 1974 i tīmata tana mahi i Tūranga mā Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato, he kaiwhakaako ia mō ngā āhua ake mō te tiwhikete o te mātauranga moroki i ngā akoranga Māori (TTR 2000:148). / In 1974 she began her work in Gisborne for the University of Waikato’s as a tutor for the certificate of continuing education in Māori studies.
ahikāroa
1. (noun) burning fires of occupation, long undisturbed occupation, continuous occupation - title to land through occupation by a group, generally over a long period of time. The group is able, through the use of whakapapa, to trace back to primary ancestors who lived on the land. They held influence over the land through their military strength and defended successfully against challenges, thereby keeping their fires burning.
Ko ētahi whenua e riro ana i runga i te ahikāroa, me to noho tūturu i runga i te whenua o ngā tīpuna, tae noa mai ki ōna uri, kāore te Kōti e āta rapa ana ki te tika rawa taua ahikaroa (TW 14/7/1877:296). / Some land being awarded according to ahikāroa and the permanent occupation of the land of the ancestors, right down to the descendants, the Court is not examining carefully enough as to whether that undisturbed occupation is actually correct.
See also ahikā
