2. (verb) to grow.
3. (verb) to spring up, develop.
Nō ngā tau o te 1960 ka whanake mai ngā rōpū mautohe (Te Ara 2014). / Protest movements developed from the 1960s.
4. (verb) to rise.
Ka haere a Tū-rāhui ki waho whakahāereere ai i te tamaiti; kātahi ka titiro atu ki te rā e whanake ana i te huapae o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa (JPS 1913:176). / Tū-rāhui went outside to stroll about with the child. Then he looked at the sun rising on the horizon of the Pacific Ocean.
5. (noun) cabbage tree, Cordyline australis - a palm-like tree with strong, long, narrow leaves; the young inner leaves are eaten both raw and cooked. This variety is found throughout the country in a variety of habitats. The young tree has long narrow leaves which arise from a single trunk. As it matures the trunk becomes bare and branches out.
Pēnā tonu te rere a te kererū i te wā e mau ana tēnā kākano, ā, tata noa ki te horonga o tērā kākano, o te whanake (JPS 1895:132). / The flight of the New Zealand pigeon is like that during the time that the fruit lasts and until just before the seeds of the cabbage tree falls.
kaumātua
1. (verb) (-tia) to grow old, grow up.
I te mea kua tino kaumātua rawa atu te Mohi Tūrei rāua ko Tamihana Huata, ka whakaarohia e te Hāhi me penihana rāua (TP 4/1907:4). / Because Mohi Tūrei and Tamihana Huata are very elderly, the church thinks that they should receive pensions.
Kua kaumātuatia a ia, ā, ko tōna kanohi kurehe e kitea atu ana i raro i ōna makawe mā (TWK 35:19). / He had become old and his wrinkled face could be seen under his white hair.
3. (noun) adult, elder, elderly man, elderly woman, old man - a person of status within the whānau.
I kite te kaumātua nei i te whakakaraunatanga o tētahi o āna tama hei kīngi mō Kirihi, ko tētahi he kāwana nō Kiriti (TP 2/1906:4). / This old man saw the crowning of one of his sons as King of Greece, and one son is Governor of Crete.
Synonyms: pou, koroheke, tauheke, koroua, kokoro, tāua, nehe, korokoroua, ruānuku, pēperekōu, koeke
2. (adjective) be plump.
Synonyms: pukunati, māretireti, kunekune, takapū
3. (noun) foetus.
Kua whakatinana mai te kune, te kākano i ruia mai i Rangaātea (PK 2008:357). / The foetus becomes a body, a seed sown in Rangiātea.
tupu
1. (verb) (-ngia,-ria) to grow, increase, spring, issue, begin, develop, prosper, sprout, originate - western dialect variation of tipu.
Ko tēnei taru, ko te parakipere e mōhio ana ngā Māori, kei ngā wāhi katoa e tupu ana (TJ 2/8/1898:3). / Māori know that this plant, the blackberry, grows everywhere.
See also tipu
2. (modifier) real, genuine, own, ancestral.
I te haringa mai i te tinana o Hone Heke, ka tangihia ki Ōtaki, ki Whanganui. Nō te taenga ki tōna kāinga tupu ki Kaikohe, ka uhungatia e Ngā Puhi tōna tūpāpaku (TP 3/1909:3). / When Hone Heke's body was transported here it was wept over at Ōtaki and Whanganui. When it reached his ancestral home at Kaikohe, Ngā Puhi performed traditional funeral rites over his corpse.
Synonyms: taketake, tipu, ake, anō, tō, tinana, tino, tūturu
3. (noun) seedling, growth, development, shoot, bud.
2. (verb) to moult, lose feathers.
Kei taua wā e turuki ai te pārera, ka haere ngā tāngata i runga i ngā waka me ngā kurī, ki te whakangau pārera, i tēnā rā, i tēnā rā, o te wā o te turukitanga (JPS 1895:142). / At the time that the ducks moult, the people proceed in their canoes with their dogs to hunt ducks on each day, so long as the moulting lasts.
Synonyms: whakamāunu
3. (verb) to travel by short stages, move little by little.
Turuki, turuki! Paneke, paneke! (NP 2001:412). / Move, move! Move forward, move forward! (A chant used to move a canoe on skids, or some other heavy object.)
4. (verb) to grow up in addition.
Ka turuki ake ngā huruhuru hou o te manu (W 1971:461). / The bird's new feathers grew.
5. (verb) to be full, crowded.
Kua turuki kē te waka, horekau he nohoanga e wātea ana (PK 2008:1018). / The vehicle is already full and there are no free seats.
6. (verb) to come as a supplement, follow.
Ka haere atu koutou āpōpō, ka turaki atu mātou i muri (W 1971:461). / You will go tomorrow and we will follow afterwards.
7. (noun) sucker (of a tree or plant).
Unuhia katoatia ngā turuki (arā ngā pihi) i ngā rākau (TMT 1/6/1861:15). / Remove all the suckers (that is the shoots) on the plants.
8. (noun) subsidiary, supplement, addition, reinforcement, encore, epilogue - anything supplementary or in support.
Synonyms: tānga
whakatiputipu
1. (verb) (-ria) to rear, cause to grow, raise.
Ka kite ia, mai i te tau 1935, kua taetae mai te maha o te tangata ki te whakatiputipu paina i Matahina (EM 2002:200). / He saw from 1935 that many people had arrived to raise pine trees at Matahina.
Synonyms: hikutira, hikumaro, kōkai, whakaara, whakaikeike, whakarawe, whakatipu, whāngai, whakatāiri, whakaaranga, kōranga, hāpai, hī, huataki, rangahua, huaranga, araara, whakakaurera, riariaki, whakatairangaranga, hiki, whakatū, riaki, mairanga, whakapakeke, whakatupu
2. (modifier) growing, rearing.
Inā hoki ētahi kei a mātou nei, kei ngā mahi whakatiputipu rākau (TTT 1/9/1930:2145). / Because some are with us in the tasks of growing trees.
3. (noun) growing, planting, growth, rearing.
Kua tīmata hoki te whakatiputipu paina ki Matahina (EM 2002:57). / The growing of pine trees had also begun at Matahina.
Synonyms: whakatupu, whakatipu, marotiritiri, pounga, ono, rerenga, rumaki, whakatō, whakatōtō, whakatōnga
whakatipu
1. (verb) (-a,-ria) to cause to grow, rear, cherish, bring up, raise.
Whakatipu kūmara, taro, aruhe ai (HP 1991:28). / They grew kūmara, taro and fern root.
See also whakatupu
Synonyms: kōkai, hikutira, hikumaro, hāpai, hī, huataki, rangahua, huaranga, araara, whakatiputipu, whakakaurera, riariaki, whakatairangaranga, hiki, whakatū, riaki, mairanga, whakapakeke, whakaara, whakatupu, whakaikeike, whakarawe, whāngai, whakatāiri, whakaaranga, kōranga
2. (modifier) growing, rearing, future.
Ki tōna whakaaro, kua tae noa mai te māharahara me te wiri o te ngākau ki te taumaha o te rere o te ia Pākehā, ki te whakakore i te iwi Māori me ō rātau uri whakatipu ki te noho, ki te mahi hoki i ō rātau whenua ake (TTR 1996:68). / In his mind he had become anxious and trembling that the influence of the Pākehā had become so strong that the Māori people and their descendants would not be able to live on and use their own lands.
Synonyms: whakatupu, whakatiputipu
3. (noun) growing, growth, rearing, raising, breeding.
Koirā te wā i puta ai ngā āhuatanga mō ngā momo mahi kai katoa i ō mātau mātua: te whakatipu kūmara, rīwai, inā kē te nunui o ngā māra (EM 2002:57). / That was the time when the ways for producing all sorts of food by our parents was evident: growing kūmara, potatoes, and the gardens were huge.
Synonyms: whakatupu, whakatūtū, whakapiki, whakaputu, huti, hutinga, hīanga
2. (verb) to terrify, frighten.
Ki te kore e parea atu ēnei nuka a tērā o ngā reo, ka ngaro haere ngā whakatakoto Māori taketake ake, ā, ka rite te āhua o te reo Māori ki tō te reo Pākehā; ko ngā kupu noa iho ka āhua Māori mai. Whakatuatea ana tērā (HM 2/1994:9). / If these devices of that other language are not avoided, the genuine Māori phrasing will disappear and the nature of the Māori language will become like that of the English language; only the words will be Māori. That's frightening.
3. (modifier) terrifying, terrorism, fearful.
Kua hīkina ngā whakapae whakatuatea i ngā pokohiwi o ngā tāngata tekau mā toru. / The terrorism charges on the shoulders of the thirteen people have been lifted.
4. (noun) terror, terrorism.
Kua tukuna ngā tāngata tekau mā rima e whakapaetia nei mō te whakatuatea ki te kōti matua o te motu. / The fifteen people accused of terrorism have been sent to the country's supreme court.
5. (noun) awe-inspiring leader, sage, mystic - a leader who, because of his great mana, is feared and respected.
I puta anō i ngā whārangi o tā Kere Nikora pukapuka ngā kupu whakanui mō Tāwhiao, mō Tōpia Tūroa, mō Meiha Te Wheoro, mō Pēhi Tūroa me ērā atu whakatuatea o te motu nei (KO 15/10/1884:5). / Words honouring Tāwhiao, Tōpia Tūroa, Major Te Wheoro, Pēhi Tūroa and other awe-inspiring leaders also appeared in the pages of Kerry Nicholls's book.
Synonyms: ruānuku, hīnātore, mātauranga, wānanga
whakatupu
1. (verb) (-a,-ngia,-ria) to rear, grow, raise, cultivate, produce, farm.
Whakatupuria te kau me te nanenane kia whai waiū ai mā ngā tamariki (TPM 2/2/1863:4). / Raise cows and goats so that you have milk for the children.
See also whakatipu
Synonyms: whakaputa, whakapakeke, mairanga, riaki, whakatū, whakaara, whakaikeike, whakarawe, whakatipu, whāngai, whakatāiri, whakaaranga, kōranga, hāpai, hī, huataki, rangahua, huaranga, araara, whakatiputipu, whakakaurera, riariaki, whakatairangaranga, hiki, kōkai, hikumaro, hikutira
2. (modifier) growing, rearing, future.
Kua waiho iho e koe ēnā hei tirotirohanga, hei whiriwhiringa mā ngā uri whakatupu (JPS 1922:77). / You have left those for the perusal and consideration of future generations.
Synonyms: whakatiputipu, whakatipu
3. (noun) growing, growth, rearing, raising, breeding.
4. (noun) appearance, stature, build, physique.
E ai ki a Te Maahi, te pirimia, he tangata tino koi rawa atu te hinengaro o Kaihau, ā, ko tōna pakari me tōna whakatupu, ko Hēkuri tonu te rite (TTR 1994:37). / According to Mr Massey, the prime minister, Kaihau was a man with a very sharp mind and in strength and stature he was just like Hercules.
Synonyms: whakatipu
2. (verb) to be of pleasing appearance, aesthetically pleasing, appealing, attractive.
Titiro rawa atu ki te tangata i mirimiria rā ki te hōrū, ka pai, ka matomato te kanohi o te tangata, ka purotu te kiri o te tangata (W 1971:194). / When they looked at the man who had been rubbed with red ochre, it was agreeable, and the man's face was aesthetically pleasing and his skin was handsome.
3. (modifier) lush, green, growing vigorously, verdant.
Ka tipu matomato te aruhe ki ngā wāhi mārakerake o te ngahere, ki ngā wāhi kua poroa, kua tahuna ngā rākau (Te Ara 2014). / Bracken fern flourishes in open areas of the forest where trees have been felled and burnt.
4. (noun) lushness, greenness.
Mēnā kei te whai mana tētahi ngahere ka kite koe i te nui o te huarākau, i te matomato o te tipu o ngā rau, i te ora me te rahi o te manu (Te Ara 2014). / If a forest has mana, you will see the abundance of fruit, the lushness of the leaves, and the healthiness and profusion of birds.
Synonyms: ngaore
tāpiri
1. (verb) (-a,-hia,-tia) to add on, supplement, append, join, add.
Ko rātau ētahi o ngā hōia tāpiri atu ki Te Hokowhitu-ā-Tū kua tae kē ki te pae o te pakanga (HP 1991:33). / They were some of the additional troops of the Māori Battalion that had already been to the combat zone.
E whitu, tāpirihia te whā, ka tekau mā tahi (7 + 4 = 11) (TRP 2010:261). / Seven, plus four, equals eleven (7 + 4 = 11).
Synonyms: kuhukuhu, whakauru, pāhekoheko, hiki, tūhoto, uru, whakamoemoe, whakatapoko, haumi, honohono, pūtahi, tūhono, tūhonohono, hono, whakakapiti, porotūtaki, porotūtataki, uhono
2. (modifier) additional, extra, more, supplementary, auxiliary, further, added.
I tōna koroheketanga ka whakamōhoutia e Tiramōrehu tōna kaha ki te kaitaonga whenua tāpiri mō Ngāi Tahu (TTR 1990:351). / In his old age Tiramōrehu renewed his efforts to obtain additional land for Ngāi Tahu.
Synonyms: anō
3. (noun) anything added or appended, assistant, extra.
Me te tāpiri atu o ngā tau 50 e tautokona whānuitia ana e te Māori te mana hirahira nā te tūranga kīngi i hoatu ki a ia (TTR 1996:225). / With the extra support of 50 years of widespread Māori recognition of the special status given to him by his position as king.
4. (noun) vigorous shoot growing up beside the main stem of a plant.
Ka tupu ngā tāpiri o te karaka nei (W 1971:384). / The vigorous shoots of this karaka tree grow.
paewhenua
1. (noun) dock (weed), strong growing weeds, New Zealand dock, Māori dock, Rumex flexuosus, Rumex obtusifolius - weeds with broad leaves.
Nō tōna kitenga mai ka ngaro koe kei roto i te tātarāmoa i te paewhenua, ka puta tōna aroha, kātahi anō ka tipia te tātarāmoa me te paewhenua (KO 15/12/1884:7). / When he observed that you were lost in the brambles and the dock, he felt compassion and then cut down the brambles and dock.
Synonyms: runa
2. (modifier) strong-growing, vigorous.
Kua hinga te tōtara haemata o te ngutuawa o Kōpūtuka (TTT 1/5/1926:397). / The strong-growing tōtara tree of the river mouth of Kōpūtuka has fallen.
tipu
1. (verb) (-ria) to grow, increase, spring, issue, begin, develop, sprout, prosper, originate - eastern dialect variation of tupu.
E tipu ana i reira te miro, te kawhi, te tupeka, me te tōhuka (TP 8/1899:3). / Cotton, coffee, tobacco and sugar cane grow there.
See also tupu
3. (noun) seedling, growth, development, shoot, bud, plant.
Ko te nuinga o ngā tipu he uri nō Tāne Mahuta, nō Rongomātāne, ā, nō Tangaroa hoki ētahi (RP 2009:402). / The majority of plants are of the realm of Tāne Mahuta, Rongomātāne and Tangaroa.
Synonyms: tanu, pou, rākau, tou, rumaki, tiri, tiritiri, kōkō, whakatō, whakatōtō, whakatopatopa, marotiritiri, tupu, wana, pihinga, pihi, pipihi, puhi, puhipuhi, kāwai, tītere, kotete, kōkihi, wene, pupuhi
4. (noun) swelling, lump.
Me haere koe ki te rata kia tirohia mai te tipu i tō tuarā. / You had better go to the doctor to have the lump on your back looked at.
Synonyms: poikurukuru, pōkurukuru, repe, koropuku, pungapunga, punga, huahua, pukupuku, puku
