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Loan words

Historical loan words

whakapakeke

1. (verb) to harden, toughen.

whakapakeke ana a Īhowa i te ngākau o Pārao kīngi o Īhipa, ko te tino whāinga i muri i ngā tama a Iharaira (PT Ekoruhe 14:8). / And the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the children of Israel.

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2. (verb) (-tia) to grow up, mature, raise, bring up.

He mōhio ia he pai ake te tau humi hei whakapakeke uri, nō reira ka tatari kia matomato rā anō te tupu o te kai, ā, hei reira tahuri ai ki te whakaipoipo (HM 4/1998:4). / She knows that a year of abundance is better to raise offspring, so she waits until the food is growing vigorously before turning to courtship.

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Synonyms: whatutoto, pāhake, pakeke, taipakeke, tūpakeke, pakari, taikaumātua, koeke, whakatupu, mairanga, riaki, whakatū, whakaara, whakaikeike, whakarawe, whakatipu, whāngai, whakatāiri, whakaaranga, kōranga, hāpai, , huataki, rangahua, huaranga, araara, whakatiputipu, whakakaurera, riariaki, whakatairangaranga, hiki


3. (noun) hardening, toughening.

Ko tētahi tino hua o te purei moni he whakapakeke i te ngākau o te tangata (TP 8/1907:6). / One of the results of gambling is the hardening of a person's heart.

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4. (noun) upbringing.

Nō te kitenga o te Pākehā i te āhua whakapakeke o te tamariki Māori, ka tahuri rātou ki te whakarerekē (Te Ara 2014). / When the Pākehā saw how Māori children were brought up, they set about making changes.

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