poto
1. (stative) be finished, fulfilled, completed action - indicates the fulfilment of an action.
Ko ngā tāngata katoa o Hūra i te whenua o Īhipa, ka poto i te hoari, i te hemokai hoki, ā mōtī noa rātou (PT Heremaia 44:27). / All the men of Judah that are in the land of Egypt shall be consumed by the sword and by famine until there be an end of them.
2. (stative) be totally, completely, absolutely, fully - indicates the exhaustive nature of an action.
Ka hui katoa mai, te iti, te rahi, te rangatira, te tūtūā, te koroheke, te rūruhi, te wahine, te tāne, te mea ora, te tūroro, te hake, te hauā, poto anake mai ki te marae o te pā nei kia kite i a Puhihuia (TAH 45/1963:45). / Everybody gathered, the lowly and important people, chiefs and commoners, elderly men and women, men and women, the healthy and the sick, hunchbacks and cripples, absolutely everybody had gathered on the marae of the pā to see Puhihuia.
3. (modifier) short.
Ko ngā patu poto a te hokowhitu nei i hunā ki muri i ngā tuarā, i titia iho ki roto i ngā tātua kōtara (JPS 1910:200). / The one hundred and forty men concealed their short clubs behind their backs, stuck in their war-belts.
Synonyms: kurutētete, kanepoto, takupū, hangahanga, popoto, pore, pōtehe, pōtehetehe
4. (noun) fry, young (of fish).
Ko te koria te ingoa o te poto kahawai. / 'Koria' is the name of kahawai young.
waiata ā-ringa
1. (noun) action song - a popular modern song type with set actions and European-type tunes. Also written as waiata-ā-ringa.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 55-63;)
Nā Paraire i para te huarahi mō ngā momo titonga waiata ā-ringa hou, mahue atu ana i a ia ngā waiata o te ao tawhito; kāore i rite ngā rangi ki ngā rangi Pākehā nui nei te rerenga, kāore i taea te waiata te whakaōrua, ā, he mīta whakahipahipa kē te momo waiata. I whāia kētia e Paraire te momo tito kupu e taunga ana ki ngā rangi ka taea te whakaōrua, ā, i tuhituhia e ia ngā rārangi orotahi ki te tohu orooro tika; i te nuinga o te wā he mea tango mai ngā rangi i ngā waiata Pākehā. (TTR 1996:256). / Paraire was a pioneer composer of songs in the new 'action song' style, moving away from classical waiata which used small note ranges, no harmony and irregular metre. Instead, he wrote words to fit harmonised tunes written in diatonic scales and generally deriving from European songs, the rhythms adapted to fit Maori idiom (DNZB 1996:535).
tahi
1. (verb) (-a) to clear away, set aside.
Nāna anō te tono kia poua tētahi pāremata Māori hei pupuri i te kāwanatanga o Niu Tīreni kei tahia noatia te Tiriti ki rahaki (TTR 1990: / He also requested to establish a Māori parliament which would restrain the New Zealand government from just setting aside the Treaty.
Synonyms: tārewa, taunaha, motuhake, wehe, whakatārewa, tāpui, tīkape, tauira
2. (verb) (-a) to sweep.
Kaua ngā paru, puehu, otaota e tahia ki raro o te whare (TTT 1/7/1922:12). / Don't sweep the dirt, dust and weeds under the house.
3. (verb) (-a,-tia) to dress timber with an adze.
Te hopukanga atu ki te toki, tahi mai anō i te ihu, ā, te noko atu ana; tahi mai anō i te noko, ā, te ihu atu ana; ka oti tētahi taha, tētahi taha (NM 1928:42). / He took hold of the adze, dressing the timber from the prow to the stern; and then from the stern to the prow, completing both sides.
4. (noun) sweeping action.
2. (noun) insanity, madness, lunacy.
Riro ana mā ngā kaiwhakawā e āta wānanga he mahi pokerehū rānei, he kawenga rānei nā te keka, i mōhio pū rānei e aha ana ia (HJ 2015:95). / It was up to the judges to carefully consider whether it was an accident, a result of insanity, or whether he actually knew what he was doing.
3. (noun) madman, bigot.
Ko te tangata kīhai e aro ki te whakaaro nui, he keka. Ko tērā kīhai e āhei ki te whakaaro nui he hākawa. Ko te mea kīhai e noho ki te āta whakaaro ka noho taurekareka noa (Milroy 2016). / He that will not reason is a bigot. He that cannot reason is a fool. He that dares not reason is a slave (Milroy 2016).
ohomauri
1. (verb) to jump into action, start suddenly, startle, astonish, astound, shock.
Ohomauri ana te tangata i tēnei whakaaturanga (TP 1/11/1901:5). / One was astounded by this revelation.
Synonyms: oho mauri, mōketekete, whiti, ohorere, whētuki, whakaanuanu, hiko
2. (noun) surprise, shock.
Ka mea atu a Kāpene Kuku kia taraitia te pupuhi i te pū. Kātahi ka purua, ka whakapiria ki te pāpāringa, kātahi ka pūhia. Nō te pakūnga he ohomauri anake; tāia ana te pū rā ki runga ki te kōhatu, whati tonu atu, whiua atu hoki ki te wai (TWMNT 11/8/1874:203). / Captain Cook told him to try shooting the gun. The gun was then loaded and he held it to his check and fired it. When it exploded he got such a fright that he threw it down on the stones and it broke, and he threw it into the water.
3. (noun) banded rail, Gallirallus philippensis assimilis - a secretive native bird with upperparts olive-brown and black with white spots, and underparts barred black-and-white. Lives in salt marshes, mangroves and swamps.
See also moho pererū
Synonyms: moho, pepe, moho pererū, pātātai, oho, pūohotata, motarua, pōpōtai, katatai
2. (noun) actions in Māori weaponry (general term).
Me mōhio koe ki ngā āhei katoa o te taiaha, te poupoutahi, te whitiapu me te tohu a Tū (PK 2008:3). / You should know all the taiaha actions, the vertical guard position, the downward blow and the taunting posture.
2. (verb) to chirp, chatter, cackle - of birds.
Koekoe ai te tūī, ketekete ai te kākā. / The tūī chatters and the kākā cackles.
Synonyms: kotokoto
3. (verb) to be annoyed, disappointed, frustrated, astonished.
Kotahi ia te mea e ketekete nei mātou ko te iti o te witi e kawea mai ana (MM.TKM 30/6/1859:6). / But there is one thing that we are disappointed about and that is the small amount of wheat being brought here.
4. (noun) astonishment, amazement, consternation.
Ka kī koe i te haurangi, i te pōuri, i te kapu o te ketekete, o te whakangaromanga, i te kapu a tōu tuakana, a Hamaria (PT Ehekiera 23:33). / Thou shalt be filled with drunkenness and sorrow, with the cup of astonishment and desolation, with the cup of thy sister Samaria.
5. (noun) chattering - of the teeth from the cold.
Ko te ketekete o ngā niho tētahi tino tohu o te kōpiri, o te werohia e te mātao (HJ 2017:28). / The chattering of the teeth is an important sign of the effect of the piercing cold.
tukanga
1. (noun) process, method, procedure, course of action.
I whakamāramatia e te kaumātua rongonui nō Ngāti Porou, e Apirana Ngata, te whakapapa, ...ko te tukanga o te whakaraupapa i tētahi mea i runga i tētahi mea (Te Ara 2013). / East Coast elder Apirana Ngata explained that whakapapa is ...the process of laying one thing upon another.
Synonyms: tikanga, pēwheatanga, tāera, huarahi, hātepe
kotahitanga
1. (noun) unity, togetherness, solidarity, collective action.
Kei runga ko Hakaraia, he kaiwhakaako ia nō tērā iwi, ka mea, "Ko te take i puritia ai koutou, ko te kotahitanga o tō tātou tinana, otiia, ko te ingoa kau o te kotahitanga tāku i mōhio ai, engari mā koutou e tino kōrero mai; heoi tāku." (MM.TKM 30/9/1857:9). / Hakaraia, one of the teachers belonging to that tribe, stood up and said, "The reason you are detained is that we are united by relationship, however, it is the name only of being united that I know, but it will be for you all to express more fully how we are to consider ourselves united. This is all I have to say."
rere
1. (verb) (-a) to fly, flow, flee, leap, escape, go into action (any gliding movement), rush, run, race, descend.
I te mea ka tae mai te ahi ki reira, kātahi te tangata nei ka rere ki roto i te taika wai rāua ko tētahi atu tangata, ka whakamākūtia hoki he paraikete mō rāua (TPH 10/1/1906). / When the fire reached that place then this man and another one fled into the tank of water and they doused blankets with water.
Synonyms: teretere, horo, takanga, oma, omaoma, takaniti, whakatūkawikawi, hīrere, patiko, oioi, rere tārewa, wakewake, takawhiti, tūpou, rērehi, iwi, whakaoma, tauomaoma, reihi, tauwhawhai, mātāwaka, momo, tuoma, rēhi, peo, karapetapeta, whakataetae, matawaka, tarapeke, tūpeke, rēinga, peke, mahiti, mokowhiti, mawhiti, mokopeke, mokohiti, rei, tiapu
2. (verb) (-a) to sail.
Kātahi ka haere ngā tāngata ki te moe, ka ora hoki te ngākau i te kohu kua mahea, e mahara ana ka rere pai tēnā tō rātou kaipuke ki te kāinga (TWMNT 10/3/1874:63). / Then the people went to sleep relieved that the fog had cleared and knowing that their ship could sail home.
3. (verb) (-a) to descend, get down, slide into.
Nā, ka tae ia ki te wai, ka marere ōna kākahu, ka rere ki te wai (TP 1/1913:7). / Now, when she reached the water she took off her clothes and got into the water.
4. (verb) (-a) to fly about.
Kaua e tahitahi maroketia te rūma o te tūroro, engari me tīehuehu ki te wai kia kore ai e rere te puehu (TTT 1/7/1922:11). / Do not sweep the invalid's room when it's dry, but you should splash it with water so that the dust will not fly about.
5. (verb) to run out, let down (of a line).
Ka mounu anō ngā tāngata o runga i ngā waka rā i ā rātau matau; ka rere anō ngā aho ki te wai (JPS 1913:107). / The men on those canoes baited their fish hooks again and ran out the lines into the water again.
6. (verb) rise or set (of stars, etc.).
I te mea ka mōhiotia ngō pō e puta ai a Whānui ka whakapaia ngā rua, ka rere a Whānui ka tīmata te hauhake i ngā kai (TWMNT 11/9/1872:110). / Because the nights when the star Vega appeared where known, the storage pits were prepared and when Vega rose the harvesting of the food began.
7. (modifier) quickly, hurriedly, suddenly, completely, well and truly - used an adverb (i.e. to modify a verb) to indicate immediacy or to intensify.
Whiua reretia atu ana te pōro ki te paihau, kotahi atu ki te kokonga (HJ 2015:121). / The ball was passed quickly to the wing who headed straight for the corner.
Synonyms: kimonga kanohi, tere, wawe, tangetange
8. (noun) flight.
Pēnā tonu te rere a te kererū i te wā e mau ana tēnā kākano, ā, tata noa ki te horonga o tērā kākano, o te whanake (JPS 1895:132). / The flight of the New Zealand pigeon is like that during the time that the fruit lasts and until just before the seeds of the cabbage tree falls.
9. (noun) attack, charge, rush.
Mehemea e kapi ana a waho o te ngutu, kōkiritia tonutia ki waenganui tonu o te matua, engari kia inaki tonu te rere o ngā toa hāpai rākau ki mua (JPS 1919:86). / If outside the entrance is closely guarded, attack right at the middle of the army, but rush as a tightly packed group of warriors with weapons raised in front.
10. (noun) waterfall.
Ka kite ia i te rere, he nui te tiketike. Ka oho tōna mauri, e kore ia e eke ki runga (JPS 1905:200). / He found a waterfall, which was very high. He was startled, for he thought he would not be able to ascend it.
oho mauri
1. (verb) to jump into action, start suddenly, startle, astonish, astound, shock. Sometimes the two words are separated in the sentence, as in the second example below.
Ka oho mauri ngā hōia o Peretānia ka rere, ka taui (TTR 1990:126). / The British soldiers were surprised and retreated.
Ka kite ia i te rere, he nui te tiketike. Ka oho tōna mauri, e kore ia e eke ki runga (JPS 1905:200). / He found a waterfall, which was very high. He was startled, for he thought he would not be able to ascend it.
See also ohomauri
Synonyms: ohomauri, mōketekete, whiti, ohorere, whētuki, whakaanuanu, hiko
rāwekeweke
1. (verb) (-hia,-tia) to prepare, repair, fiddle with, play with, manipulate.
Mehemea e 24 ngā mea kua whakaritea hei rāwekeweke mā te ākonga, me āta whawhe e ia aua taonga rā kia rua ngā rōpu tekau ngā mea o roto, ā, kia kotahi te rōpū kei reira ngā mea e whā e toe mai ana (Pa 1996:17). / If there are 24 items that have been organised for the student to play with, she must manipulate them into two groups of ten and there should be one group of the four things left over.
Synonyms: whawhe, whāwhā, raweke, rāpoi, raupine, tapi, tapitapi, aukaha, papani, whakatikatika, whakatakatū, takatū, whakatakataka, whakatika, pātā, whakapai, whakataka, tītakataka, rahurahu, whakaute, takataka, whakareri, whakatau
2. (noun) activity, action, deeds, exploits.
Nā ana rāwekeweke, ka puta ōna rongo ki te motu (TTR 1990:52). / His activities made him a national figure.
3. (noun) meddling, interference, disturbance.
He nui tonu ngā kōiwi he mea nehu tonu i tōna whenua i Pahinui, i Waipoua, ā, i te tau 1896 ka whakatūria he kōhatu whakamaharatanga, ko tāna anō hoki kia mutu kau ai te rāwekeweke i ngā kōiwi, ake tonu atu (TTR 1998:19). / Many bones were buried in her land at Pahinui, Waipoua, and in 1896 a commemorative obelisk was erected, with the purpose of ending forever disturbance of the bones.
Synonyms: raweke, whawhewhawhe
4. (noun) function, operating (a machine, etc.).
E kore e mau i a au ngā rāwekeweke o te mīhini nei. He uaua rawa (HJ 2015:50). / I'll never master this machine. It's too difficult.
5. (noun) appliance.
Kia nui haere te utu o ngā kai me ngā rāwekeweke o ia rā, ka nui haere anō te amuamu o te iwi (HJ 2015:118). / When the cost of daily food and appliances increases, the people's complaints also increase.
tautapa
1. (verb) (-ina,-tia) to give the word (for action).
Kātahi ka tautapa te whakahauhau, ā ka riro mai te kōkiri a te kotahi rau e rima tekau tāngata, ka kōkiri mai ki a te Kāwana, me te pupuhi haere mai (TWMNT 27/6/1876:149). / Then the order for action was given and 150 men rush out charging towards the Governor, firing volleys as they came.
2. (verb) (-ina,-tia) to nominate, designate.
E hia kē hoki ngā mea i tautapatia i taua wā engari ko Ōraukawa o Ngā Ruahine te mea i āta whāia rawatia (TTR 1990:353). / Many such nominations were made at that time, but Ōraukawa of Ngā Ruahine was a more serious candidate.
Synonyms: whakaingoa
3. (verb) (-ina,-tia) to chant a song (for keeping time).
E tautapa ana te kaitātaki kia ngātahi ai te hiki o te waewae (RTP 2015:104). / The leader is chanting a song so that the feet lift at the same time.
4. (modifier) nominated, designated.
I te tau 1928, i hiahia kē a Rātana ko tāna tama ake, ko Tokouru hei kaiwhakauru, engari i whakaae ia me unu a Tokouru i te tūru, kia āhei ai te tuku ki te tangata tautapa i a Te Rata (TTR 1996:254). / In 1928 Rātana wanted his own son, Tokouru, to be entered, but he agreed that Tokouru should resign the seat so that Te Rata's nominee would be able to proceed.
5. (noun) challenge, declaration.
Ki te kore e mana mai tēnei tono, tae noa ki te 11 o ngā rā o tēnei marama, ka kīia e te Poa he tautapa whawhai nā Ingarangi, ā ka ara tonu te pakanga (HKW 1/10/1899:8). / If this request is not complied with by the 11th of this month, the Boers will say that it is a declaration of war by the English and the war will resume.
6. (noun) nominee.
I ngā tau i muri mai, he auau tonu tana tū mō taua tūru, engari i te ngaronga i a Ngāti Raukawa riro kē ana i tētehi o ngā tautapa a te Kīngi Māori (TTR 1996:29). / In later years he often stood for the electorate but it passed from Ngāti Raukawa to one of the Maori King's nominees.
whakatakataka
1. (verb) (-ina) to drop frequently, scatter.
Ka tae atu he taua ki reira, ka whakatakatakaina atu he kōhatu ki runga i a rātau (HP 1991:28). / When a war party reached that place, stones were dropped onto them.
Synonyms: maheu, korara, tohatoha, toha, kaihora, rū, rure, rauroha, whakaehu, whakakorakora, hora, paratī, rara, rui, heuheu, kaupāpari, whakamarara, whakapirara
2. (verb) to prepare, get ready.
Ko Tienihini te pā huihuinga, ā, kei te whakatakataka mō te haere ināianei (HKW 1/8/1900:10). / Tianjin is the fort where they gathered and are now preparing for the journey.
Synonyms: whakatika, rahurahu, raweke, whakaute, takataka, whakareri, whakatau, whakatikatika, whakatakatū, takatū, pātā, whakapai, whakataka, rāwekeweke, tītakataka
3. (verb) to move about, carry out manoeuvres.
Kei Waiōuru ngā hōia e whakapakari ana, e whakatakataka ana. / The soldiers are at Waiōuru doing exercises and manoeuvres.
Synonyms: nukunuku, tahawhenua, nekeneke, taka, whēkoi
4. (verb) to roll about.
Whakaahuareka ai taua kurī ki te whakatakataka ki roto ki te paru (TKM.MM 16/12/1862:26). / That animal takes pleasure in rolling about in the mud.
Synonyms: whakatīkorokoro, hurori
5. (verb) to set anyone on their way.
6. (modifier) preparing.
Tohua ana a Hēnare ki te tikanga pure o te karaka whati, he tikanga whakatakataka i te toa mō te pakanga (TTR 2000:70). / Hēnare underwent the ritual of karaka whati, a practice preparing a warrior for battle.
Synonyms: whakareri, whakatakatū
7. (noun) movement, action, preparation.
Ko te awhero nui o mātou, ka kaha ake te whakatakataka o tēnei kaupapa i ēnei marama e whā e tū mai nei (HM 4/1994:11). / Our primary desire is to strengthen the action on this project in the next four months.
Synonyms: whakareri, whakatakanga, whakatakatū, whakatika, whakapai, whakatikatika, whakaoreore, nekehanga, nukunuku, korikori, whakanekeneke, kori, hikohiko
8. (noun) dispatch.
I a ia i Parani i te tau 1918, ka ūhia atu hoki ki te pānui i roto i ngā whakatakataka (TTR 1996:247). / When he was in France in 1918 he was mentioned in dispatches for his services.
karakia
1. (verb) (-tia) to recite ritual chants, say grace, pray, recite a prayer, chant.
Nā, ka mahia e ngā tohunga ka unuhia ngā rito kōrari, ka karakiatia kia mōhiotia ai, ka mate ka ora rānei (M 2005:280). / Now, the tohunga plucked the centre shoots of the flax, and recited incantations over them to ascertain whether the result would be defeat or victory.
Synonyms: inoi
2. (noun) incantation, ritual chant, chant, intoned incantation, charm, spell - a set form of words to state or make effective a ritual activity. Karakia are recited rapidly using traditional language, symbols and structures. Traditionally correct delivery of the karakia was essential: mispronunciation, hesitation or omissions courted disaster. The two most important symbols referred to in karakia are of sticks and food, while the two key actions are of loosing and binding. Individual karakia tend to follow a pattern: the first section invokes and designates the atua, the second expresses a loosening of a binding, and the final section is the action, the ordering of what is required, or a short statement expressing the completion of the action. The images used in karakia are from traditional narratives. There were karakia for all aspects of life, including for the major rituals, i.e. for the child, canoe, kūmara, war party and the dead. Karakia for minor rituals and single karakia include those for the weather, sickness, daily activities and for curses and overcoming curses. These enabled people to carry out their daily activities in union with the ancestors and the spiritual powers.
Hanga rawa anō tōna whare wānanga, hei akonga mō ngā tamariki ki ngā tini karakia, ki tō rātou atua tapu, te karakia mākutu, te karakia ātahu, te karakia wehe, te karakia taupō, te karakia hono i te iwi whati, te karakia whakahoki mākutu, te karakia patu i ngā tapu, te karakia i ngā kanohi pura, te karakia mō te raoa, te karakia mō te haere ki te whawhai, te karakia whakaara i ngā tapu, te karakia kia ua te rangi, te karakia kia mao te ua, te karakia kia whatitiri, kia rū te whenua, kia maroke ngā rākau, kia maroke te wai, kia ngaru te moana, kia rokia te moana, kia haere mai ngā ika taniwha o te moana, ngā ngārara o te tuawhenua, te karakia o te huamata, te pure o te hua mai o te tau, te karakia o te kawenga ki roto i te rua tāhuhu, i te rua kōpiha rānei, te karakia o te tomokanga ki te ngāherehere, o te whakaputanga mai rānei i ngā manu mate ki waho o te ngahere, te karakia o te whakaatahanga o te whare o te whakatuheratanga hoki o te whare, te karakia o te nehunga tūpāpaku, te karakia o te whānautanga tamariki, o te whakaputanga hoki ki waho i te whare kōhanga, o te tohinga rānei i te ingoa (TJ 20/6/1899:3). / He built his academy of learning to teach the children the many ritual chants, their sacred god, karakia for witchcraft, to bewitch, to divert affections, for ?ulcers, to mend broken bones, to counter witchcraft, to kill using tapu, for blindness, for choking, for going into battle, to lift tapu, for rain, for rain to cease, to cause lightning, to cause earthquakes, to make trees dry up, to dry up water, to make the sea rough, to calm the sea, to attract large fish of the ocean and insects of the land, karakia for planting, to lift the tapu on a harvest to ensure a plentiful crop, for storing crops in covered pits or pits, karakia for entering the forest or for bringing dead birds out of the forest, karakia for building and opening buildings, for burying the dead, or childbirth and for leaving the house for childbirth and of the naming ceremony.
See also karakia whakahorohoro, karakia whati, karakia haumanu, karakia kikokiko, karakia whakaū
Synonyms: kaha
3. (noun) prayer, grace, blessing, service, church service - an extension of the traditional term for introduced religions, especially Christianity.
whakaropiropi
1. (noun) a traditional hand game - played by two people who take turns to call. For the first two calls of each round the hands are slapped on the thighs. The one starting calls, 'Whakaropiropi ai?' (Shall we play whakaropiropi?) and the partner responds, 'Āe.' (Yes.) Then the starter calls as he makes his first move, 'Tēnei mea te homai.' (This is my move.) The follower then calls, 'Homai!'. Each alternates with the call of, 'Homai!' Each person attempts to do the same hand action when she/he calls and if successful calls homai rā. The winner starts the next round by calling his/her tally, 'Tahi rā anō!' (One point to me) and the follower replies, 'Āe!' Then the game proceeds as for the first round. There are two sets of movements for Whakaropiropi, one with a set of five arm movements and the other with a set of six hand movements. The aim of the game is to catch your opponent with the same action when it's your turn to call, but to do a different action from your opponent when it's the turn of your opponent to call.
Anei te pātai a te mea ka tīmata i te whakaropiropi. 'Whakaropiropi ai?' Kua kī ake te hoa, 'Āe', kua haere te mahi (PK 2008:1128). / Here is the question of the one beginning whakaropiropi. 'Will we play whakaropiropi?' the partner responds, 'Yes,' and the activity continues.
