2. (noun) result of one's toil, work accomplished, accomplishment, achievement, attainment.
Haere, e te hoa, mā muri nei e mihi tō haumāuiui kua waiho iho hei taonga tongarerewa mā ngā uri whakatupu (HJ 2015:197). / Farewell, my friend, and those left behind will acknowledge the results of your hard work that have been left as precious treasures for the coming generations.
Synonyms: taeatanga, whakatutukitanga, whakatutuki
whakarīrā
1. (verb) to work hard, strive, toil.
He haere matapōkere noa iho te mahi a te hunga e matenui ana, e whakarīrā ana kia pūioio te reo, he kore mārama nō tātou ko ēhea ngā mahi tino whaihua, ko ēhea ia me paku whakarerekē kia whaihua anō ai (HM 3/1993:2). / The people who earnestly desire it are working in the dark, and although they are striving hard to strengthen the language, we are not clear what activities really bring results, and which ones should be modified so that they are beneficial.
2. (noun) hard work, hard labour.
Nā tana tahunga i ngētehi toa i Te Kūiti ki te ahi i Oketopa i te tau 1897, ka mau hereheretia anō mō ngā tau e whitu, ā, āpiti atu, ko te whiu ko te whakarīrā kia werawera te rae (TTR 1994:147). / Because he set fire to some shops in Te Kūiti in October 1897, he was imprisoned for seven years and in addition he was sentenced to hard labour.
tūkaha
1. (verb) to be strenuous, vigorous, hard, uncompromising, hard-nosed, inflexible, fearless.
Kaua rawa tātou e tūkaha ki tō tātou teina, nō te mea hoki he pōtiki whakatoatoa ia (TWMNT 3/8/1875:177). / Let us not be hard and uncompromising with our younger brother, because he is a forward youngest child.
2. (modifier) vigorous, strenuous, spirited, energetic, forceful, hearty, fiery, headstrong, fearless.
Koirā tonu te wā i whakaaetia te pire whakatū pīhopatanga Māori, ā, uru atu ana a Hōri Tūpaea ki ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tūkaha e mea ana, āe rānei me Māori tūturu te pīhopa hou, me pīhopa Pākehā rānei e mōhio ana ki te kōrero Māori (TTR 1998:234). / That was the time the bill setting up a Māori bishopric was passed, and Hōri Tūpaea took part in the vigorous debate as to whether the new bishop should be a Māori or a Māori-speaking Pākehā.
3. (noun) obstinacy, determination, stubbornness, pigheadedness, intransigence.
Nā te tūkaha o te Kīngi o Īhipa ki te tuku atu i te iwi, ka taupoki ki runga ki a ia te riri nui a Īhowa (MM.TKM 1/2/1855:24). / Because of the obstinacy of the King of Egypt in refusing to let the people go, the vengeance of Jehovah was brought down upon him.
māngonge
1. (verb) to be hard, rough.
He māngonge te tākaro a ngā tamariki (Ng 1993:403). / The children were playing a rough game.
Synonyms: tuahuru, matara, taratara, torehapehape, tuarangaranga, tuatete, tūpā, mākinakina, tuaranga, mātoretore, pūtiotio, pūhungahunga, hīngarungaru, huakau, whekewheke, tupangarua
2. (modifier) hard, rough.
He tangata tino pukumahi, he ringa raupā, he ringa māngonge (PK 2008:402). / A very industrious person, a person with calloused, rough hands.
titiro whakatau
1. (verb) to look intently, stare, look hard, gape, gawk, gaze, watch.
Kātahi anō taua tangata rā ka titiro whakatau atu (NM 1928:52). / Then the man looked intently at him.
Synonyms: whakatātare, whakatare, whakataretare, tiro mākutu, titiro mākutu
mārō
1. (verb) to keep steadily on course, head straight.
Ka tīmata i te taha hauraro o te tino wahapū o Herekino, ka rere atu i reira, mārō tonu ki te tihi o Maungataniwha, ka mārō atu i reira i runga i te kahiwi maunga tauārai o ngā hikuwai o ngā awa o Hokianga, ā tae noa ki te mātāpuna o te awa o Waimā (TKM.MM 5/2/1862:29). / It commences at the northern side of the mouth of Herekino, thence by a straight line to the summit of Maungataniwha, thence following the ridges forming the watershed of the Hokianga River right to the headwaters of the Waimā River.
2. (modifier) stiff, hard, solid, unyielding, determined, firm.
3. (noun) measurement made with the arms extended roughly equivalent to a fathom (6 ft or 1.8 m).
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 114;)
Ka tukua te taura whakatātūtū ki raro, ka kitea te hōhonu e waru tekau mā rima mārō i taua wāhi (TWMNT 14/7/1874:172). / When the measuring line was passed down, the depth was seen to be eighty-five fathoms at that place.
ngānehenehe
1. (verb) to complain, querulous, peevish, grumbling, whining, hard to please, irritable, fractious.
Kua hōhā au i tērā wahine. Ahakoa te pai o ngā mahi a tō tātou kaiako, kua ngānehenehe mai i ngā wā katoa. / I'm fed up with that woman. No matter how good our teacher's work is, she complains all the time.
Synonyms: mānehenehe
2. (noun) complaint, criticism, peevishness, grumbling, whining, displeasure, irritation, fractiousness, complaining.
Kotahi noa iho pea te tangata i haere mai i te kāinga o te ngānehenehe, engari katoa ētahi atu i haere mai i runga i te ngākau māhorahora, he mārama pea nō rātou ki te kaupapa o te hui (HM 2/1994:3). / There was probably only one person who came from a complaining perspective, but everybody else came with an open mind, probably because they understood the purpose of the gathering.
mārohirohi
1. (verb) to be hard, strong, brave, of strong character, resolute, determined, tenacious, mighty.
Nā tana noho i runga i te pāmu a te whānau, i mārohirohi ai tana tinana, i pakari hoki ōna whakaaro, i tino kaha hoki tana manawanui (TTR 2000:206). / Because of his life on the family farm his body was strong, his mind was sharp and he was very determined.
2. (modifier) hard, strong, brave, of strong character, resolute, determined, tenacious, mighty.
Ko ōna hoa e rua rau mano ngā toa mārohirohi (PT II Nga Whakapapa 17:16). / And with him two hundred thousand mighty men of valor.
Synonyms: rae pakari, ngākau titikaha, manawa rahi, pūtohe, niwha, kiriūka, manawanui, marohi, titikaha, whakakiriūka, pikoni, ū, pūkeke, aumangea, pukunanaiore, tōkeke
3. (noun) strength, power.
Nā ngā mahi whātōtō i tino puta ai te rongo nui o Īhakara Rāpana, arā, i te mārohirohi me te rite o te hanga o tōna tinana ki te taura wepu (TTR 1998:164). / It was in wrestling that Īhakara Robin became famous, that is because of his strength and because his body was like a whipcord.
Synonyms: kōmārohi, kaha, tino rangatiratanga, marohi, mana, maru, awe, hiko, ihi, awenga, pū, mana whakahaere
4. (noun) strong person, brave person, powerful person, powerhouse.
Anō te hinganga o ngā mārohirohi! (PT 2 Hamuera 1:19). / How are the mighty fallen!
pakapaka
1. (verb) to be dry, baked, cooked until crisp, baked hard, burned, weathered.
Ka haupū te kupenga tawhito ki uta, ki ngā parenga o ngā wai tauraki ai ki te rā, ka maroke, ka pakapaka (TP 1/1/1901:6). / The old net lies in a heap on the shore and on the banks of streams to dry in the sun. It dries out and is weathered.
2. (modifier) dry, baked, burned, crisp.
Ko ngā tāngata e noho ana i te take o taua maunga pakapaka ana i te wera o te rā, ko te tihi o te maunga e hūhia ana e te huka TTT 1/10/1927:664). / The people living at the foot of that mountain are baked by the heat of the sun, while the summit of the mountain is covered in snow.
Synonyms: paka
3. (noun) dryness, aridity, drought, aridness.
Mehemea kāore te pakapaka o te whenua i mua atu o te putanga mai o tēnei marangai, kua puta anō he waipuke nui pērā me tō tērā makariri (TP 2/1911:11). / If it were not for the drought before this storm occurred, there would have been a big flood like that of last winter.
4. (noun) scraps, dried food, preserved food.
Ka moe whārōrō, tangata i te whata pakapaka; ka moe hūpeke, tangata kāore āna whata pakapaka (NP 2001:171). / The person with a storehouse of preserved provisions sleeps stretched out; while the one without a storehouse of preserved food sleeps with his legs drawn up. (A whakataukī promoting the stocking of food provisions in case of lean periods - a person who has such provisions sleeps more comfortably.)
5. (noun) cloak of coarse flax.
pakari
1. (verb) to be mature, ripe, strong, hard, strapping, muscular, well-built, sturdy, robust.
Ka tae ki te wā kua pakari a Iratūmoana, ka rongo mō Tarakura, kotahi atu ka patua te taniwha rā (EM 2002:83). / The time arrived that Iratūmoana had matured and when he heard about Tarakura, he went straight off and killed that taniwha.
Synonyms: ruarangi, tōtōpū, whakapūioio, hiwa, maonga, maoka, maoa, tuakaka, pūioio, kōpaka, mārōrō, pakaua, whakapakeke, koeke, taikaumātua, tūpakeke, whatutoto, taipakeke, pakeke, pāhake
2. (modifier) mature, ripe, strong, hard, strapping, muscular, well-built, sturdy, robust.
He tangata nui, pakari te tipu, he ātaahua (HP 1991:24). / He was a big man of solid build and was handsome.
3. (noun) maturity, toughness.
Kite rawa hoki a Te Koreneho i te pakari, i te ātaahua o Karaitiana, me te pai hoki o tana pānui i te Paipera Tapu i te reo Māori (TTR 1990:223). / Colenso saw the maturity and how handsome Karaitiana was, and his fluency in reading the Bible in Māori.
Synonyms: poutūmārōtanga, pakeke, poutūmārō
taringa pākura
1. (modifier) stubborn, obstinate, inflexible, hard-nosed, intractable, obdurate.
He tangata taringa pākura te tangata nei (W 1971:256). / This man is a stubborn person.
Synonyms: kakī mārō, whakaioio, houkeke, upoko mārō, hōkeke, mōtohe, taumārō, whakaturi, tohetohe, turi, ngana, makiki, kōioio, whakatete, whakatohe, whātuturi, hoi, kōroiroi, pukutohe, pūkeke, papamārō, whakatuturi, pake, pukutohetohe
2. (noun) stubborn person.
Mēnā he tangata upoko mārō koe kua kīia koe he taringa pākura (Te Ara 2016). / If you are an obstinate person you are said to be a 'taringa pākura'.
2. (noun) hardboard.
Ko te papa kōputaputa. He papamārō tēnei kua oti ētahi kōhao maha te wiri atu (RTA 2014:151). / Pegboard. This is hardboard that has many holes drilled into it.
2. (adjective) be difficult, hard.
He uaua ki a au te whakawā, me te whiu i a rātou i te mea ko te kāwanatanga anō nāna i whakaae ngā mīhini petipeti (TP 10/1906:2). / It is difficult for me to give judgement and to punish them beacuse the government itself allows totalisators.
3. (modifier) difficult, hard, demanding.
He tūranga uaua te tūranga i riro i a ia (TTR 2000:187). / The position that he took on was a difficult one.
4. (noun) difficulty, dilemma, problem, trouble.
Mai i tōna taitamarikitanga, ahakoa ngā uaua me ngā taupatupatu i waenganui i tōna matua me Te Kooti, i kaha tonu te mau a Takurua ki ngā kawenata o te Hāhi Ringatū, kore rawa ia i whakaae kia whakamōrea (TTR 1998:194). / From his youth, despite difficulties and arguments between his father and Te Kooti, Takurua was a strong adherent of the covenants of the Ringatū church and would never agree to compromised them.
Synonyms: pōrahurahu, pōraruraru, whakararuraru, whakararu, māniania, hara, rararu, raruraru, raru, mate, kūrakuraku
5. (noun) sinew, muscle, vein, artery.
(Te Māhuri Study Guide (Ed. 1): 21;)
Ka mahi noa ētahi uaua i ā rātou mahi, ahakoa e moe ana, e oho ana rānei te tangata, kāore ēnei uaua e whakahaerehia e te tangata (RP 2009:424). / Some muscles function involuntarily whether a person is asleep or awake. These muscles are not controlled by the person.
See also me uaua (kē) ka ...
upoko mārō
1. (verb) to be insensitive, hard-headed, headstrong, stubborn, unbending, pig-headed, obstinate.
Tē aro i a ia tētāhi kupu kotahi nei, engari ka upoko māro tonu mai. / He can’t understand a single word, but he persists.
E ūpoko mārō ana tērā tangata ki tāna kaupapa. / That man sticks stubbornly to his cause.
2. (modifier) stubborn, obstinate, inflexible, obdurate.
3. (noun) obstinate person, stubborn person.
Kāhore he aroha, he upoko mārō, he ngautuarā, e kore e pēhi i te ngākau, he hunga nanakia, kāhore e aroha ki te pai (PT 2Timoti 3:3). / Without natural affection, trucebreakers, false accusers, incontinent, fierce, despisers of those that are good.
Synonyms: kōioio
4. (noun) bigot.
mārōrō
1. (modifier) strong, muscular, powerful, somewhat hard, stiff, solid, strongish.
(Te Pihinga Study Guide (Ed. 1): 31;)
Te naomanga atu o te tama mātāmua ki te paihere rākau, whakauaua noa, ko tōna tangata mārōrō taua korokē, whakauaua noa, tē whati (TMT 15/4/1861:14). / The eldest son grabbed the bundle of sticks and tried strenuously again and again - that fellow was very strong - but be could not succeed in breaking them.
Synonyms: kōmārohi, marohi, whakarawarawa, pakaua, tuakaka, pakari, pūioio, kōpaka
anga
1. (verb) to face, move (in a certain direction), facing, pointed at.
Kāore i roa kua tae mai a Mōkena i te kaitiaki tatau i te mataku rā hoki i te waha o te pītara e anga atu ana ki a ia (TKO 6/1915:7). / It wasn't long before Morgan reached the doorman who was intimidated by the barrel of the pistol pointed at him.
2. (verb) to turn to, set about - followed by ki or ka.
Ka whāngainga ki te rau kōrari, nāwai ā, ka hurihia te wira e te ringa tangata, ka anga ka rakuraku ngā tara o taua mira, mea rawa ake, kua puta mai te muka i tua i ngā niho o taua mea (MM.TKM 31/1/1857:10). / It was fed with some flax leaves, and after a time when the wheel was turned by hand, the teeth of the mill began to scrape the flax, and soon the dressed flax was produced by the teeth.
3. (noun) skeleton, shell, husk, hard outer covering, aspect.
Ko te kaupapa o te haere ko te kohi tote, me te kohi anga mātaitai pērā i te tupa (HM 2/2009:10). / The purpose of the trip was to gather salt and sea shells such as the scallop.
Synonyms: angaanga, kota, tīwarawara, kōwhaki, kotakota
4. (noun) structure, framework, organisation.
He tuapa whakakatakata, whakakoakoa tana heri haere i a tātou i roto i ngā kōrero tuku iho ā-waha, i te whanaungatanga me te anga pāpori o tēnā, o tēnā ngare nui o ngā moutere o Te Moananui-a-Kiwa (TTR 1996:15). / It was a witty and light-hearted romp through the oral traditions, ethnology and social organisation of each of the major Pacific Island groups.
Synonyms: whakahaerenga, rōpū, tōpūtanga, whakahaere
2. (noun) bad luck, misfortune, hard luck.
Ko te wairuatoa tērā engari ko te waimarie i mau i a rātou ō rātou tīpuna e kōrero ana, e waiata ana ki te rīpene me te ataata, ā, mā te āta tātari pea i ērā ka paku pahawa tētahi punua ora nei (HM 3/1998). / That's unlucky but the fortunate thing is that they captured their ancestors talking on tape and video and by carefully sifting through those perhaps some benefit will be gained.
