mana motuhake
1. (noun) separate identity, autonomy, self-government, self-determination, independence, sovereignty, authority - mana through self-determination and control over one's own destiny.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 6;)
Ka riro i a Te Wherowhero te mana motuhake o tērā rohe, i huaina ai ko te Rohe Pōtae (HP 1991:282). / Te Wherowhero obtained autonomy of that territory, which was named the Rohe Pōtae (the King Country).
Synonyms: tino rangatiratanga, motuhaketanga, rangatiratanga
motuhaketanga
1. (noun) independence, autonomy, self-determination, self-rule, self-reliance, sovereignty.
Otirā ko te tū o ngā mema Māori i roto i te pāremata tētahi o ngā mōrehu tohu o te motuhaketanga o te iwi Māori (TTT 1/7/1922:7). / But the establishing of the Māori members in parliament is one of the surviving symbols of the autonomy of the Māori people.
Synonyms: tino rangatiratanga, mana motuhake, rangatiratanga
pūtohe
1. (verb) to be persistent, eager, tireless, determined, resolute, unflagging.
Nō te hāora 9.44 i te pō te kuhunga atu o Katerina ki te wai; i rangona tonutia ia e karanga ana, ka pūtohe tonu ia ki te noho tonu i roto i te wai, āpānoa wahaina rawatia mai ia ki waho (TTR 1998:117). / At 9.44 p.m. Katerina entered the water; she was heard calling that she was determined to stay in the water until she was finally carried out.
Synonyms: titikaha, whakakiriūka, ū, pukunanaiore, tōkeke, rae pakari, ngākau titikaha, niwha, kiriūka, marohi, mārohirohi, ngana, taikaha, pūnoke, manawa rahi, hihiri, urupū, pikoni, pukutohe, pūkeke, aumangea, mōtohe, niwaniwa, pakepake, pukutohetohe, tohetohe, manawanui
2. (noun) persistence, determination, doggedness, resolution, resolve.
Kua pukuriri a Te Rangihaeata i te pūtohe o te iwi nei, ka kī ia, he taringa kurī kē pea ō Te Kāeaea i kaha ai te tohe mai (TTR 1990:266). / Te Rangihaeata became angry at the persistence of that tribe and he said that Te Kāeaea must have dog's ears, since he was so obdurate.
Synonyms: tau, whakapau kaha, niwha, mōtini, kiriūka, tatūnga, ngana, pukutohe, pūkeke, whakapūmau, urupū, tohetohe, pūnoke, mau tūmārō, pāuaua, tohe, totohe
3. (modifier) persistent, eager, tireless, determined, resolute, unflagging.
Nā te mea he tangata pūtohe a Wī Repa, nāwai, nāwai kua tahuri rātau ki tāna i whakaaro ai (TTR 1996:278). / Because he was a determined person, they eventually agreed with what he thought.
pūkeke
1. (verb) to be determined, resolute, unwavering, dogged, indomitable, strong-minded, tenacious, unyielding.
Nā taua ture anō i whakangāwari ngā mahi a ērā e pūkeke ana ki te pāmu i waimarie rā he whenua tonu ō rātou (TTR 1994:14). / That law also facilitated the work of those who were determined to farm and were fortunate enough to still have their land.
Synonyms: whakakiriūka, rae pakari, ngākau titikaha, manawa rahi, pūtohe, niwha, kiriūka, manawanui, marohi, mārohirohi, titikaha, pikoni, ū, aumangea, pukunanaiore, tōkeke
2. (adjective) be determined, obstinate, dogged, persistent, steadfast, strong-minded, tenacious, unyielding.
He wahine pukumahi a Te Paea, he niwha, he pūkeke (TTR 1996:22). / Te Paea was a hardworking woman, resolute and determined.
Synonyms: urupū, pakepake, niwaniwa, aumangea, pikoni, hihiri, manawanui, pūtohe, taikaha, pūnoke, manawa rahi, kōioio, makiki, ngana, turi, taringa pākura, tohetohe, whakaturi, kakī mārō, pukutohetohe, taumārō, pake, mōtohe, whakatuturi, hōkeke, papamārō, upoko mārō, houkeke, pukutohe, kōroiroi, hoi, whātuturi, whakatohe, whakatete
3. (modifier) determined, obstinate, dogged, persistent, steadfast, strong-minded, tenacious, unyielding.
He ākonga pūkeke a Wī Repa, ā, āta pū noa tōna mātauranga, ehara i te mea whakakitekite (TTR 1996:277). / Wī Repa was a determined student, and his academic progress was solid rather than spectacular.
4. (noun) determination, resolve, grit, fortitude, persistence, tenacity, tenaciousness.
Nō tana pūkeke kia whakapaitia ake ai te oranga me te hauora o te Māori, nāna anō i tīmata anō te komiti Māori o Whakatū (TTR 2000:80). / Because of his determination to improve the well-being and the health of Māori, he reactivated the Nelson Māori committee.
Synonyms: niwha, tau, whakapau kaha, pūtohe, tohetohe, whakapūmau, pukutohe, ngana, totohe, tohe, pāuaua, mau tūmārō, urupū, pūnoke
aumangea
1. (adjective) be strong, brave, persistent, determined, forceful, plucky, resilient, resolute, steadfast, tenacious.
I te ahiahi pō, nōna tonu te whakaaro, i haria e ia he ope iti huri atu ai mā te taha whakarua o te tohu whenua nei, ā, nā te taumauri me te manawanui, mau ana i a rātau ngā putaanga pū mīhini, putaanga motā hoki. He aumangea nō te kōkiri atu i pau ai te kaha o te hoariri ki te wawao tonu, ā, pāhoro ana te katoa o Takrouna (TTR 2000:114). / Late in the afternoon he decided that he would take a small party round the north-eastern side of the feature and with calm determination they captured the machine-gun and mortar posts. Because it was a courageous attack the enemy lost heart to continue the defence and the whole Takrouna feature fell.
Synonyms: mātātoa, manawa kai tūtae, manawaroa, whakamārohirohi, pikoni, pukutohe, pūkeke, mōtohe, niwaniwa, pakepake, pukutohetohe, tohetohe, pūnoke, manawa rahi, urupū, taikaha, pūtohe, ngana, manawanui, hihiri, rae pakari, ngākau titikaha, niwha, kiriūka, titikaha, whakakiriūka, ū, pukunanaiore, tōkeke, marohi, mārohirohi
2. (noun) advocate, campaigner, champion, promoter, proponent, upholder, supporter - a person who is strong, brave, persistent, determined, forceful, plucky, resilient, resolute, steadfast or tenacious.
Ko te manu he kupu whakarite mō te mātātahi o te ao Māori e tono whakamāherehere ana i te aumangea, arā, i te hunga mātau, i te hunga mārama, kia mōhio ai me huri pēhea, me rere ki hea, me tau anō hoki ki hea (HM 1/1998:2). / The bird is a metaphor for the younger generation of the Māori world seeking advice from the advocates, that is the knowledgeable and perceptive people, so that they will know how to turn, where to fly and where to land.
Synonyms: tautīnei, kaiwhakahau, kawau mārō, kaihāpai, kaitaunaki, whakaihuwaka
manawanui
1. (verb) to be steadfast, stout-hearted, tolerant, patient, unwavering, resolute, persistent, committed, dedicated, unswerving, staunch, dogged, tolerant.
Kia manawanui, kua pai haere ō tātou kāinga, kua whānui haere ngā huarahi hei takahanga mā ō koutou waewae e taea ai te mātauranga, te ora mō tō tātou iwi (TP 1/7/1899:6). / Be resolute, our homes are improving, the pathways for our feet to tread to achieve knowledge and well-being for our people have broadened.
See also manawanuitanga
Synonyms: manawa rahi, mānawanawa, tūroro, hāura, urupū, pūnoke, taikaha, pūtohe, ngana, hihiri, pikoni, pukutohe, pūkeke, aumangea, mōtohe, niwaniwa, pakepake, pukutohetohe, tohetohe, rae pakari, ngākau titikaha, niwha, kiriūka, marohi, mārohirohi, titikaha, whakakiriūka, ū, pukunanaiore, tōkeke
2. (noun) perseverance, determination, persistence, dedication.
Nā tana noho i runga i te pāmu a te whānau, i mārohirohi ai tana tinana, i pakari hoki ōna whakaaro, i tino kaha hoki tana manawanui (TTR 2000:206). / Because of his life on the family farm his body was strong, his mind was sharp and he was very determined.
Synonyms: urupū, pūnoke, mau tūmārō, pāuaua, tohe, ngana, whakapau kaha, hiringa, tohetohe
marohi
1. (verb) (-a,-tia) to propose, recommend, hypothesise.
Puta noa i tōna wā i te Whare Pāremata, ina tū ana ia ki te marohi i ētahi tono motuhake mō te Māori, ka whiua mai aua whakataunga nei ki tana kanohi (TTR 1994:10). / Throughout his time in parliament whenever he stood to propose special provisions for Māori, those resolutions were hurled back in his face.
2. (stative) be strong, brave, hard, resolute, determined, tenacious.
Ehara a Hēnare i te tangata whakatutū i te puehu, engari he marohi tonu nei ngā whakaaro (TTR 2000:71). / Although not regarded as an activist, Henare had strong views.
See also mārohirohi
Synonyms: rae pakari, ngākau titikaha, manawa rahi, pūtohe, niwha, kiriūka, manawanui, mārohirohi, titikaha, whakakiriūka, pikoni, ū, pūkeke, aumangea, pukunanaiore, tōkeke
3. (modifier) strong, powerful.
He tangata hihiri, he tangata marohi hoki a Tame (TTR 1994:98). / Tommy was an energetic and strong man.
Synonyms: kōmārohi, mārōrō, whakarawarawa
4. (noun) strength, power.
Nā te aupiki o te hoahoa me te mārohi o ngā pakitara i tāpiritia atu he papa anō hei whakakaha, i tū tonu ai tōna whare ahakoa te whānui o te whakangaromanga, kāore i pērā i ētahi atu o ngā whare i reira (TTR 1994:25). / Due to high-pitched roof and the strength of the walls with extra timber to strengthen it, her house remained standing, despite the widespread destruction and unlike some other buildings there.
Synonyms: pū, kaha, tino rangatiratanga, mārohirohi, mana, maru, awe, hiko, ihi, awenga, kōmārohi, mana whakahaere
5. (noun) recommendation, proposal, proposition, suggestion.
Ko ngā whenua ka tukua ki ngā poari kua oti te marohi ka riro tonu mā te kāwanatanga e whakahaere (TTR 1994:53). / Land given up to the boards that had been proposed would be controlled by the government.
Synonyms: taunaki, kupu tohutohu, tohutohu, tūtohunga, kupu whakatau, whakatakoto, kaupapa, whakakaupapa
hiringa
1. (noun) perseverance, energy, determination, inspiration, vitality.
Nā ōna mōhiotanga, nā tāna atawhai matawhāiti, nā tōna hiringa me tōna mātauranga tōrangapū, i pērā rawa ai te angitu ōna ki tēnei whakatakanga āna (TTR 1996:112). / His intelligence, tact and persistence and political skill brought him considerable success in this mission (DNZB 1996:363).
Synonyms: urupū, pūnoke, mau tūmārō, pāuaua, tohe, ngana, manawanui, whakapau kaha, tohetohe
mārō
1. (verb) to keep steadily on course, head straight.
Ka tīmata i te taha hauraro o te tino wahapū o Herekino, ka rere atu i reira, mārō tonu ki te tihi o Maungataniwha, ka mārō atu i reira i runga i te kahiwi maunga tauārai o ngā hikuwai o ngā awa o Hokianga, ā tae noa ki te mātāpuna o te awa o Waimā (TKM.MM 5/2/1862:29). / It commences at the northern side of the mouth of Herekino, thence by a straight line to the summit of Maungataniwha, thence following the ridges forming the watershed of the Hokianga River right to the headwaters of the Waimā River.
2. (modifier) stiff, hard, solid, unyielding, determined, firm.
3. (noun) measurement made with the arms extended roughly equivalent to a fathom (6 ft or 1.8 m).
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 114;)
Ka tukua te taura whakatātūtū ki raro, ka kitea te hōhonu e waru tekau mā rima mārō i taua wāhi (TWMNT 14/7/1874:172). / When the measuring line was passed down, the depth was seen to be eighty-five fathoms at that place.
pāuaua
1. (verb) to be strong, persevering, enterprising.
I te whakanohoanga iho o taku puni i konei, rahi rawa te hiahia o aua rangatira tokorua kia takahoa mai ki a au, ā, pāuaua ana rāua ki te mahi i ngā tikanga i manakohia e au (TKM.MM 28/9/1863:15). / Since my camp has been stationed here, both chiefs have very keen to befriend me and they have done their utmost to accommodate my plans.
2. (modifier) strong, persevering, enterprising, determined.
Me anga te titiro ki a ia, hei tuarā kia kaha ake ai tātou ki ngā mea pāuaua (TWMNT 8/6/1875:128). / We must look to Him as support to overcome the difficulties.
3. (noun) persistence, perseverance, enterprise, strength, determination, tenacity.
Ā ko te putanga o tō mātou kaha, me tā mātou pāuaua, ko tēnei whare ātaahua e nohoia nei e tātou (TWMNT 8/6/1875:127). / And the result of our strength and enterprise is this beautiful building in which we are sitting.
Synonyms: tohe, ngana, manawanui, whakapau kaha, hiringa, tohetohe, urupū, pūnoke, mau tūmārō, pūtohe, totohe, pukutohe, pūkeke, whakapūmau
mārohirohi
1. (verb) to be hard, strong, brave, of strong character, resolute, determined, tenacious, mighty.
Nā tana noho i runga i te pāmu a te whānau, i mārohirohi ai tana tinana, i pakari hoki ōna whakaaro, i tino kaha hoki tana manawanui (TTR 2000:206). / Because of his life on the family farm his body was strong, his mind was sharp and he was very determined.
2. (modifier) hard, strong, brave, of strong character, resolute, determined, tenacious, mighty.
Ko ōna hoa e rua rau mano ngā toa mārohirohi (PT II Nga Whakapapa 17:16). / And with him two hundred thousand mighty men of valor.
Synonyms: rae pakari, ngākau titikaha, manawa rahi, pūtohe, niwha, kiriūka, manawanui, marohi, titikaha, whakakiriūka, pikoni, ū, pūkeke, aumangea, pukunanaiore, tōkeke
3. (noun) strength, power.
Nā ngā mahi whātōtō i tino puta ai te rongo nui o Īhakara Rāpana, arā, i te mārohirohi me te rite o te hanga o tōna tinana ki te taura wepu (TTR 1998:164). / It was in wrestling that Īhakara Robin became famous, that is because of his strength and because his body was like a whipcord.
Synonyms: kōmārohi, kaha, tino rangatiratanga, marohi, mana, maru, awe, hiko, ihi, awenga, pū, mana whakahaere
4. (noun) strong person, brave person, powerful person, powerhouse.
Anō te hinganga o ngā mārohirohi! (PT 2 Hamuera 1:19). / How are the mighty fallen!
niwha
1. (verb) to be resolute, bold, fierce, truculent.
He wahine pukumahi a Te Paea, he niwha, he pūkeke (TTR 1996:22). / Te Paea was a hardworking woman, resolute and determined.
Synonyms: kiriūka, manawanui, marohi, mārohirohi, titikaha, whakakiriūka, pikoni, ū, pūkeke, aumangea, pukunanaiore, tōkeke, rae pakari, ngākau titikaha, manawa rahi, pūtohe
2. (noun) determination, resolve, willpower, fortitude, tenacity, doggedness, grit, bravery, rage.
Ahu tonu atu ia ki Te Pūaha-ō-Kahu, ko tōna niwha e kawe ana i a ia (TTR 1990:259). / He headed for Te Pūaha-ō-Kahuand it was his determination that carried him on.
Synonyms: riri, whakatūpehupehu, rūtā, nguha, tau, pūtohe, whakapau kaha, pūkeke
pukutohe
1. (stative) be persistent, obstinate, unrelenting, importunate.
Kātahi te kīngi ka kī, "E hoa mā, e ngā rangatira, e kore au e pukutohe, taku kotahi, ki a koutou katoa." (TWMNT 6/4/1875:75). / Then the king replied, " Gentlemen, I will not be so obstinate as to hold my opinion alone against you all."
Synonyms: tohetohe, urupū, manawa rahi, pūnoke, taikaha, pūtohe, ngana, manawanui, hihiri, pikoni, pūkeke, aumangea, mōtohe, niwaniwa, pakepake, pukutohetohe
2. (modifier) persistent, obstinate, unrelenting.
Nāwai ā, ka hōhā haere ngā tāngata ki te mahi pukutohe tonu a Koromopahi (TWMNT 26/1/1875:18). / After a while people tired of the persistence of Columbus.
Synonyms: kōioio, makiki, ngana, turi, tohetohe, kakī mārō, taringa pākura, whakaturi, hoi, kōroiroi, pūkeke, houkeke, upoko mārō, papamārō, hōkeke, whakatuturi, mōtohe, pake, taumārō, pukutohetohe, whātuturi, whakatohe, whakatete
3. (noun) obstinacy, persistence, tenacity, stubbornness, determination, intransigence.
Kua nui rawa tōna whakatakariri mō ōna mate i a koutou, arā mō te nui o ana tāngata i mate me te nui o ana moni i whakapaua i runga i te pukutohe me te kaha o ngā tāngata o Karahi ki te riri (TWMNT 6/4/1875:74). / He is mightily enraged for the problems you have caused him, that is for so many lives and so much money that it has cost him because of the obstinacy of the Calesians' defence.
Synonyms: kōioio, tūkaha, tohe, pūkeke, ngana, totohe, pāuaua, mau tūmārō, pūtohe, urupū, pūnoke, tohetohe, whakapūmau
niwhaniwha
1. (modifier) fierce, truculant, raging, tempestuous, ferocious, wild.
Ka ākina atu te waka ki te ākau e te tai niwhaniwha, pakaru rikiriki ana (HJ 2015:128). / The canoe was dashed against the rocky coast by the wild sea, breaking it into smithereens.
Synonyms: rūtaki, whakatūpehupehu
2. (noun) resoluteness, determination.
I kitea tōna ū me tōna niwhaniwha ki te whai i te kaupapa, ā, i whai ingoa nā te mea he kākā tarahae ki te kōrero (TTR 1994:114). / He showed determination and resoluteness to pursue a project, and he had distinguished himself with oratorical skills.
2. (noun) effort, resolve, exploits, determination, tenacity, doggedness, perseverance.
whakatakoto
1. (verb) (-hia,-ngia,-ria,-tia) to set down, lay down, place, submit.
Me kōrorirori ēnei katoa, me whakatakoto ki te kāpata kia kotahi hāora; hei reira ka riringi ki roto kia kotahi panikena wai āhua werawera (KA 1/1/1862:30). / These should all be stirred and then placed in a cupboard for one hour; then pour in one pannikin of quite hot water.
Synonyms: makamaka, maka, moka, panga, whakatū, wāhanga, whakanoho, whakanohonoho, whiu, taiwhanga, wāhi, kopou, whiuwhiu
2. (verb) (-hia,-ngia,-ria,-tia) to lay out, determine, set in place.
Ka wehe a Tau-wheoro ki te pito whakawaho, ka whakatakotoria te rohe ki Makauri; ko Tau-wheoro ki te pito whakawaho, ko ngā tungāne ki te taha whakauta (M 2006:398). / Tau-wheoro separated off to the outer end and a boundary was determined at Makauri; and her brothers occupied the inland part.
3. (verb) (-hia,-ngia,-ria,-tia) to organise, plan.
Kua whakatakototia e kā rakatira a Kāi Tahu kā matua; he matua kē ki tātahi, he matua kē ki roto ki te awa, he matua kē ki te wāhi e heke mai ana te matua a Te Kaurepa (MT 2011:77). / The Ngāi Tahu chiefs had organised the divisions; a division on the beach, another in the river and another to the place where Te Kaurapa's army was coming from.
Synonyms: tītakataka, whakarite, whakahaere, mahere, whakamahere, hoahoa, pēwheatanga, take, whakakaupapa, whakatakotoranga, whakaaro, kaupapa, tikanga, tātai, whakangārahu
4. (modifier) presented, laid down.
Ahakoa i utua ētehi o āna haere e te Poari Kaitiaki, ko ngā koha whakatakoto ki ngā marae nō tōna pūkoro tonu (TTR 1998:200). / Although some of his travel expenses were paid for by the Trust Board, the gifts presented to the marae were from his own pocket.
5. (noun) plan, proposal, strategy.
He whakatakoto tikanga, ā, whakaaro anō hoki, ki mua i te Kāwanatanga e puta ai hei painga mō te iwi Māori (TTT 1/10/1931:61). / A strategy and ideas are before the Government that will bring benefits for the Māori people.
Synonyms: kaupapa, marohi, whakakaupapa
6. (noun) laying out, arrangement, configuration, composition, structure, pattern, format.
Ehara tēnei i te waiata tohunga rawa te whakatakoto o ōna kupu (M 2006:380). / This song is not of a priestly character in its composition (M 2006:381).
Synonyms: tauira
whakatatū
1. (verb) (-ria,-tia) to decide, agree, settle.
I whakatatūria me haere mātau, i tēnei tau 1969 i ngā haratei o te Rā o ngā Hōia, te rua tekau mā rima o Āperira (HP 1991:62). / It was decided that we should go on the holidays of Anzac Day 1969, on the 25th of April.
Synonyms: pūwhenua, noho, nohonoho, whakaea, whakanoho, whakatau, whakamāhaki, whakataiwhenua, tatū, tau
2. (modifier) resolving, determining, deciding, settling.
I ngā tau atu i 1950 ki 1953 he āpiha whakatatū mahi tāna mahi (TTR 1998:69). / From 1950 to 1953 he worked as an employment officer.
Synonyms: whakawāwā, whakanohonoho, pūwhenua, tautanga
3. (noun) agreement, settlement.
Ko te huarahi tika pea tēnei, ko te whakatatū ki ō ratou ringaringa (TKM.MM 25/2/1862:11). / Perhaps the correct way of doing this is to place it in their hands.
Synonyms: noninga kumu, kāenga, whakanoho, whakatau, kāinga, whakaritenga, whakatutukitanga
tūkaha
1. (verb) to be strenuous, vigorous, hard, uncompromising, hard-nosed, inflexible, fearless.
Kaua rawa tātou e tūkaha ki tō tātou teina, nō te mea hoki he pōtiki whakatoatoa ia (TWMNT 3/8/1875:177). / Let us not be hard and uncompromising with our younger brother, because he is a forward youngest child.
2. (modifier) vigorous, strenuous, spirited, energetic, forceful, hearty, fiery, headstrong, fearless.
Koirā tonu te wā i whakaaetia te pire whakatū pīhopatanga Māori, ā, uru atu ana a Hōri Tūpaea ki ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tūkaha e mea ana, āe rānei me Māori tūturu te pīhopa hou, me pīhopa Pākehā rānei e mōhio ana ki te kōrero Māori (TTR 1998:234). / That was the time the bill setting up a Māori bishopric was passed, and Hōri Tūpaea took part in the vigorous debate as to whether the new bishop should be a Māori or a Māori-speaking Pākehā.
3. (noun) obstinacy, determination, stubbornness, pigheadedness, intransigence.
Nā te tūkaha o te Kīngi o Īhipa ki te tuku atu i te iwi, ka taupoki ki runga ki a ia te riri nui a Īhowa (MM.TKM 1/2/1855:24). / Because of the obstinacy of the King of Egypt in refusing to let the people go, the vengeance of Jehovah was brought down upon him.
2. (modifier) stubborn, obstinate, tenacious, determined, strong-willed, persevering.
Ko ngā moemoeā whakatohe a te hāhi Hauhau he mea whakaatu i roto i tētahi pukapuka i Tauranga (TTR 1990:314). / The obstinate dream of the Hauhau faith was most fully recorded in a book in Tauranga.
tino rangatiratanga
1. (noun) self-determination, sovereignty, autonomy, self-government, domination, rule, control, power.
I roto i tēnei nūpepa ka whai huarahi a Tāwhiao ki te tautohe me āta whakamāori te Tiriti o Waitangi kia kore ai e riro te tino rangatiratanga o te iwi Māori i te kāwanatanga a te Pākehā (TTR 1990:310). / In this newspaper Tāwhiao had an avenue to argue for an interpretation of the Treaty of Waitangi that not enable the colonial government to take away Māori sovereignty.
Synonyms: mana motuhake, motuhaketanga, rangatiratanga, kāwanatanga, rūri, tikanga, ture, awe, hiko, ihi, awenga, pū, mana whakahaere, kōmārohi, marohi, kaha, mārohirohi, mana, maru
