kōrero
1. (verb) (-hia,-ngia,-tia) to tell, say, speak, read, talk, address.
Ko tētahi o ngā take nui o te Pāremata ināia tata nei, ko te tautohetohe o ngā mema mō te Paipera kia whakaaetia kia kōrerotia i roto i ngā kura Kāwanatanga o te motu (TTT 1/10/1927:695). / One of the important topics of Parliament recently was the members' debate concerning the Bible that it be allowed to be read in the public schools of the country.
Synonyms: pānui, rīti, mea, pepeha, hamumu, wani, whakahua, kīkī, puaki, kī
2. (noun) speech, narrative, story, news, account, discussion, conversation, discourse, statement, information.
Ko tētahi kōrero i rongo anō mātou i te hui, ko te kōrero mō tētahi tikanga o nehe (HM 2/2009:10). / An account we heard at the conference was about a custom from ancient times.
Tā te rangatira tāna kai he kōrero, tā te ware he muhukai (NP 2001:362). / The chief's sustenance is discussion, but that of the commoner is inattention.
Synonyms: pakiwaitara, kaute, whakamārama, pūtea moni, pire, rongorongo, pitopito kōrero, rongo, kawepūrongo
2. (noun) dialogue, conversation, discussion, chat.
I tēnei kai i muri nei, kāore i whai kōrero ngā tāngata, engari i āhuareka noa iho ā rātou kōrerorero ki a rātou anō (TWMNT 19/2/1874:40). / At this later meal the people didn't make speeches but just enjoyed their discussions amongst themselves.
whiriwhiri
1. (verb) (-a,-hia,-tia) to select, choose, pick.
Kua roa kē māua e whakatakoto mahere ana, e whiriwhiri ana mō āhea rā māua toro atu ai i a koe (HM 4/2009:4). / He and I had been planning and deciding for a long time when we would visit you.
Synonyms: katokato, pika, kato, kōwhiti, whawhati, kōwhiri, kōhiti, kōwaewae, kōwae, kaiwhiri, māhiti, kōhari
2. (verb) (-a,-hia,-tia) to discuss, decide, consider, negotiate.
Ko ia tonu i te whiriwhiri i ngā whakahaere i te hokonga o Whanganui (TTR 1990:380). / He himself negotiated the Whanganui purchase.
Synonyms: whakawhiti, whakawhitiwhiti
4. (modifier) negotiating.
He maha ngā hui whiriwhiri whenua auau kē nei a ngā Māori rāua ko te kāwanatanga (TTR 2000:109). / There were many land negotiation meetings between Māori and the government.
Synonyms: whakawhitiwhiti, whakariterite
5. (noun) negotiation, discussion.
I tīmata nei ngā whiriwhiri a Tainui me te kāwanatanga i ngā tau whakamutunga o te tekau tau atu i 1920 (TTR 1998:68). / Tainui began negotiations with the government in the late 1920s.
Synonyms: whakaritenga
2. (modifier) discussion.
I tukuna atu te pepa matapaki mō te whakaako i te reo ki ngā mema o te komiti. / The discussion paper about teaching the language was sent to the committee members.
3. (noun) discussion.
The discussions continued for three days. / Ka haere tonu ngā matapaki mō ngā rā e toru.
wāua
1. (verb) to be the subject of talk, be discussed - a passive form.
Ka hia nei ngā wiki e āta rapua ana, e wāua ana he ingoa pai mō te rōpū, kātahi ka wheriko noa ake tētahi e paingia ana e te katoa (HJ 2015:30). / Goodness knows how many weeks a suitable name for the group was being sought and discussed, then one suddenly flashed up that everybody liked.
2. (modifier) holding counsel.
I ngā rā o mua, i te wā o te Pākehā kīanō i noho i ngā motu nei, he iwi rūnanga te Māori ki te rapu tikanga mō rātou, ā he iwi āta rapurapu i ngā mea e ora ai, e toa ai, ā e noho mana ai te Māori, ā he iwi rongo ki ō rātou rangatira, ā e ui ana mātou, kei hea te mea o ā te Pākehā kōrero e kōrero nei i te pāremata i rerekē atu i ā te Māori rūnanga o mua (TW 28/9/1878:479). / In former times, at the time when the Pākehā had not yet settled in these islands, the Māori were a people that held counsel to seek processes for themselves, and they were a people that carefully investigated the things whereby they would live, succeed and maintain their status, and they were a people who listened to their leaders, and we ask, what is it that Pākehā say in parliament that is different from what Māori did in councils in former times.
3. (noun) council, tribal council, assembly, board, boardroom, iwi authority - assemblies called to discuss issues of concern to iwi or the community.
Nā te rūnanga i Pēria i whakahaere te kāwanatanga o te rohe, me te whakawā ina te wānangatia ki roto i te whare rūnanga (TTR 1990:321). / The council at Pēria provided local government and also dispensed justice, after discussion in the meeting house.
4. (noun) legislative assembly.
Ko Te Mākarini te tangata nāna i whakapuaki tēnei whakaaro i roto i te Rūnanga o te Kāwanatanga, ā, whakapaingia ana e ngā Pākehā katoa o taua Rūnanga (TWM 26/9/1867:1). / Mr McLean was the person who expressed this view in the Legislative Assembly of the Government and it was approved by all the Pākehā members of that Legislative Assembly.
wānanga
1. (verb) (-hia,-tia) to meet and discuss, deliberate, consider.
Nā te rūnanga i Pēria i whakahaere te kāwanatanga o te rohe, me te whakawā ina te wānangatia ki roto i te whare rūnanga (TTR 1990:321). / The council at Pēria provided local government and also dispensed justice, after discussion in the meeting house.
2. (noun) seminar, conference, forum, educational seminar.
Ka whakawāteatia atu e ia tōna marae mō ngā wānanga me ngā huihuinga mātauranga (TTR 2000:118). / He offered his marae for educational seminars and gatherings.
Synonyms: hui
3. (noun) tribal knowledge, lore, learning - important traditional cultural, religious, historical, genealogical and philosophical knowledge.
Kete tuauri, kete tuatea, kete aronui: Ko ngā kete o te wānanga i tīkina e Tāne i a Io-matua (M 2006:12). / Kit of sacred knowledge, kit of ancestral knowledge, kit of life's knowledge. These are the kits of knowledge that Tāne fetched from Io the-parent (M 2006:15).
Synonyms: akoranga, tikanga tuku iho, tikanga
4. (noun) instructor, wise person, sage, authority, expert, guru, philosopher, savant.
Kīhai i tae ki ngā pūkenga, ki ngā wānanga, ki ngā tauira (W 1971:479). / It did not reach the repositories of knowledge, the wise people and the skilled people.
Synonyms: ruānuku, whakatuatea, hīnātore, mātauranga
5. (noun) tertiary institution that caters for Māori learning needs - established under the Education Act 1990.
Ko te Wānanga o Raukawa kua tū hei whare wānanga mō te rangatahi Māori (Te Ara 2013). / Te Wānanga o Raukawa which has been established as a tribal centre of higher learning for young Māori.
whaiwhaikōrero
1. (verb) to hold formal discussions (involving speeches).
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 243-247;)
Muri iho ka whaiwhaikōrero ngā Pākehā me ngā Māori (TWMNT 2/12/1871:19). / Next the Pākehā and Māori made speeches.
See also whaikōrero, whaikī
2. (noun) formal speech, oration, oratory.
Tēnā tātou ka titiro ki te kupu ake, arā, ‘whaikōrero’, inā hoki te kī, he ‘whaiwhaikōrero’, he ‘whaikī’ hoki (Rewi 2005:22). / Let's look at the actual word, 'whaikōrero', also called a 'whaiwhaikōrero' and a 'whaikī.
See also whaikōrero, whaikī
Synonyms: onetū, whaikōrero
wāwau
1. (verb) (-a,-tia) to quarrel, wrangle, argue, squabble, bicker, dispute, discuss.
Ki te mārie mai ka hohoro te tau o ngā mahara ki raro mō te mahi a te iwi Pākehā wāwau mai nei ki ō tātou whenua (TP 10/1906:4). / If we are lucky our concerns will be alleviated about the many Pākehā wrangling over our lands.
Synonyms: pākani, ngangau, kohete, tarahae, riri, tauwhāinga, tautohe, taututetute, totohe, kowhete, kairiri, kekeri, whakanihoniho, tautotohe, taukaikai, ngangare, paka, tatau, tatauranga, kākari, taute, whakatete, whawhai, whakanehenehe, korokīkī, kōhetehete, kōwhetewhete, rīriri, whāinga, whewhei, taungaungau, kekeritanga, tītaitai kōwhatu, tautohetohe
2. (noun) sound, noise.
matapakinga
1. (noun) discussion, dialogue.
Otirā, i nui ā tāua matapakinga i tēnei take o te whakanano mai i te kupu kāore i te mōhiotia, o te kupu kāore i auau te rangona (HM 4/2009:3). / But, we've had a great deal of discussion about this subject of questioning words that aren't known and words that are not heard frequently.
kaupapa
2. (noun) topic, policy, matter for discussion, plan, purpose, scheme, proposal, agenda, subject, programme, theme, issue, initiative.
I tuhi a Rōpiha i ētahi pūrongo i 'Te Ao Hou', ā, i āwhina atu hoki ia ki te ārahi i ngā kaupapa a te maheni nei i ōna tau tuatahi (TTR 2000:188). / Rōpiha wrote articles for 'Te Ao Hou', and he also helped guide the magazine’s policies in its early years.
Synonyms: aronga, kaupapa here, hōtaka, marohi, hoaketanga, whāinga, koronga, kakai, tikanga, tātai, whakangārahu, mahere, whakatakoto, whakamahere, hoahoa, pēwheatanga, take, whakakaupapa, whakatakotoranga, whakaaro, tītakataka
3. (noun) raft.
Ka mahia te kaupapa raupō ... ka hoea taua kaupapa ki te au o te awa punga ai (White 5 1888:68). / The raupō raft was made and then it was paddled into the current of the river to anchor it.
See also kahupapa
4. (noun) main body of a cloak.
Ka whakamaua atu ngā huruhuru kiwi ki te kaupapa o te kahu (PK 2008:238). / The kiwi feathers were fixed to the body of the cloak.
komiti
1. (loan) (verb) (-ria,-tia) to discuss (in a committee), form a committee, meet in a committee.
Engari, kia mahue rawa te whawhai, nā ka komititia mārietia te kino, ka whakawākia mārietia (Ma 1851:15). / But, so that the fighting could be left behind, a committee to calm down the conflict was formed and things were judged in a peaceful manner.
2. (loan) (verb) (-tia) to refer to committee.
E te Pīka, ka tū ake ahau ki te mōtini kia komititia tēnei Pire (RT 2013:29). / Mr Speaker, I stand to move that this Bill be referred to committee.
3. (loan) (noun) committee.
I whakatauria e te komiti kia tū te hui ā-tau ā te whitu o Whiringa-ā-nuku. / It was decided by the committee that the annual general meeting would be held on 7 October.
2. (verb) (-a,-hia,-ngia) to exchange, swap.
Nō te 7 o Oketopa, i whakawhitiwhiti reta ai rāua ko te Pirimia (TTR 1998:96). / An exchange of letters between him and the prime minister took place on 7 October.
3. (verb) to discuss, deliberate, negotiate, communicate - when followed by kōrero.
I akona e ia ngā kōrero tuku iho a Tūhoe, ā, waihoki rā ka tīmata tana tohungatanga ki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, me te taki hautū i te tangata (TTR 2000:240). / He learnt Tūhoe history and began to develop his expertise in communicating and in leading people.
Synonyms: whakawhiti, whiriwhiri
4. (modifier) crossings.
Riterite tonu te mahi whakawhitiwhiti a te whānau ki tāwāhi ki ngā wāhi whakatā me ngā papahuka retireti (TTR 1996:31). / There were regular excursions abroad to resorts and ski-fields.
5. (modifier) exchanging - when followed by kōrero it is used for discussing, deliberating, negotiating, communicating.
I te tau 1840, i te marama o Hānuere, ka haere rāua ko Te Korohiko ki Pēwhairangi i te taha o Te Karu Whā, o te Rōpū Hāhi Mihinare, ki ngā hui whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mō te Tiriti o Waitangi (TTR 1990:187). / In January 1840, he and Te Korohiko travelled to the Bay of Islands with Henry Williams of the Church Missionary Society to the gathering discussing the Treaty of Waitangi.
Synonyms: whakariterite, whiriwhiri
6. (noun) exchanges - when followed by kōrero it is used for discussions, deliberations, negotiations, communication.
I uru atu a Te Moananui ki roto i ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki ngā iwi whakanoho ki Heretaunga; ka tau te āiotanga (TTR 1990:234). / Te Moananui entered into the negotiations with the tribes that had invaded Heretaunga, and peace was established.
whakawhiti
1. (verb) (-a,-hia,-ngia) to cross over, change, interchange, ferry.
I kī rā ahau he tohu aua whetū. Koia nei hoki te kāpehu a ō tātou tūpuna i whakawhiti mai ai i Hawaiki (TTT 1/7/1922:3). / I have stated that those were navigational stars. They were the compass of our ancestors who travelled here from Hawaiki.
2. (verb) (-a,-hia,-ngia) to transfer, convey.
I tohutohungia e ia te whaea kia ākina a Tapu ki te whakawhiti i te katoa o ōna whenua ki a Kiti (TTR 1996:172). / He advised her mother that Tapu should be forced to transfer all his property to Kiti.
3. (verb) (-a,-hia,-ngia) to cross (something over something else).
Hei tohu i te mana me te awe hoki o Mere Rikiriki, i tāpaetia atu ai e Kīngi Tāwhiao he haki māna, e mau nei te ingoa ko 'E Te Iwi Kia Ora'; kātahi te taonga matahīapo ko tēnei; ko ōna tino tohu ko Te Paki o Matariki, kei mua ake ngā mere e rua he mea whakawhiti te takoto (TTR 1996:171). / As a symbol of Mere Rikiriki's influence and mana, King Tawhiao's presented a flag to her, on which there was the name 'E Te Iwi Kia Ora'. This was a prized treasure with significant markings known as Te Paki o Matariki, and with two mere crossed in the foreground.
4. (verb) (-a,-hia,-ngia) to exchange, swap, switch, transpose.
Kātahi ka whakawhiti taonga a Te Mātenga rāua ko Turikatukuku: ka riro i a Turikatuku he hetiheti rino, ka hoatu ki a Te Mātenga te kō ngaki māra a Turikatuku (TTR 1990:378). / Then Marsden and Turikatuku exchange presents: Turikatuku received an iron hoe; Marsden was presented with Turikatuku's weeding tool.
5. (verb) (-a,-hia,-ngia) to exchange (maths).
Whakawhitia he rau hei tekau (TRP 2010:330). / Exchange a hundred to tens.
6. (verb) (-a,-hia,-ngia) discuss, deliberate, negotiate - when followed by kōrero.
Mai i ngā tau whakamutunga o te tekau tau atu i 1950, he mea tono a ia kia haere ki ētahi hui, pērā i te hui a ngā Rangatahi Māori i Ākarana i te tau 1959, ki te whakawhiti kōrero mō ngā take noho tāone, noho taihara, tae atu ki te oranga hinengaro me te mātauranga (TTR 2000:124). / From the late 1950s she was invited to go a series of hui, including the 1959 Young Māori Leaders’ Conference in Auckland, to discuss issues of urbanisation and crime, including mental health and education.
Synonyms: whiriwhiri, whakawhitiwhiti
7. (modifier) exchanging, swapping.
He mea tuku te poraka nei e te kāwanatanga ki ngā hapū o Te Wairarapa hei whenua whakawhiti mō ō rātou moana (TTR 1996:249). / The government gave this land block to Wairarapa hapū to exchange land for their lakes.
8. (noun) crossing, transit, crossing over, exchanging.
Ka ahiahi ka kōrero taua tangata mō te whakawhiti ki Te Waipounamu (JPS 1901:67). / In the evening the man spoke about the crossing over to the South Island.
9. (noun) exchanging (maths).
He rautaki matua te whakawhiti i roto i ngā paheko tau, arā, ko te whakawhiti i waenga i ngā paparanga uara tū. Arā pea, he whakawhiti i ngā kotahi hei tekau, he whakawhiti rānei i ngā tekau hei rau (TRP 2010:330). / Exchanging is an important strategy in number operations, that is, exchanging between hierarchies of place values. For example, exchanging ones for a ten, or tens for a hundred (TRP 2010:330).
marae
1. (verb) to be generous, hospitable.
Kia mau ki te pai, kia atawhai ki te tangata, kia marae, kia mahi kai hei waewae mō te atawhai, ka tupu koe hei tangata (W 1971:180). / Hold to that which is good, be kind to people, be generous, prepare food to express your kindness, and you will grow to be a person of consequence.
2. (modifier) generous, hospitable.
He wā he kiri kawa tōna wairua; he wā anō he tangata marae, he tangata nohopuku (TTR 1990:237). / Sometimes he was very short-tempered, and at other times he was generous or reclusive.
3. (noun) courtyard - the open area in front of the wharenui, where formal greetings and discussions take place. Often also used to include the complex of buildings around the marae.
Kei te mihi ki a tātou mō ngā tikanga nunui a ō tātou tūpuna, kua ngaro nei i ngā Moutere e haeretia ana e au. Kia mau ki aua tikanga. Kia mau ki te pupuri i ngā marae o ō koutou kāinga. Ko tēnā te mauri hei paihere i tō koutou Māoritanga kei ngaro ki te kore. Ko ō koutou whanaunga o ngā Moutere e noho mai nei ahau, kua kore ngā marae, ā, kua noho tautangata i roto i ngā iwi nunui o te Ao (TTT 1/4/1930:2029). / It's praise to us all for the important customs of our ancestors, customs that have disappeared from the Islands that I am travelling around. Hold on to those customs. Strive to hold on to the marae of our villages. That is the vital essence to bind your Māoriness lest it be lost. Your kinsfolk in the Islands where I am living no longer have marae and live without identity amongst the dominant nations of the World. (Statement made in Māori by Te Rangi Hīroa).
Ka roa tēnei au e ātiutiu ana i runga i ō koutou marae (TP 1/11/1899:2). / I have been travelling about on your various marae for a long time.
muru
1. (verb) (-a) to wipe, wipe on, wipe off, rub, rub off, smear, paint, pluck (feathers, etc.).
Ko te waka rā i murua ki te peita mangu (TW 19/10/1878:9/521). / That canoe was painted with black paint.
Synonyms: tā, waituhi, pani, kōmuku, koromuku, kōmuru, kōmukumuku, panipani, peita, hohore, para, kato, kiriūka, ngana, koromaki, kōwhaki, hautoa, muku, mukumuku, kōmuri, kōmeke, kōmekemeke, kōmiri, ūkui, ūkuikui, hūkui, kāuto, aumiri, hikahika, mirimiri, wakuwaku, waku, miri
2. (verb) (-a) to plunder, confiscate, take ritual compensation - an effective form of social control, restorative justice and redistribution of wealth among relatives. The process involved taking all the offending party's goods. The party that had the muru performed on them did not respond by seeking utu. The reasons for a muru included threats to the institution of marriage, accidents that threatened life (e.g. parents' negligence), trampling on tapu, and defeat in war. It could be instituted for intentional or unintentional offences. It only occurred among groups of people who were linked by whakapapa or marriage and linked neighbouring villages in a collective response in the delivery of punishment. The protocols and practices involved would be determined by various factors, including the mana of the victim or offender, the degree of the offence and the intent of the offending party. Before a muru was engaged, the matter of what would be taken would be discussed in detail, as would the size of the taua to perform the muru. Physical violence could occur but generally ended when blood was drawn. A muru sought to redress a transgression with the outcome of returning the affected party back to their original position in society.
Me he rangatira te tangata nōna te pane i morimoria nei, kātahi ka rangona tēnei kupu morimori e whakahuatia ana, mō te morimoringa hoki o te pane tapu o te rangatira nei. Ka tauatia hoki, ka murua ngā taonga, whenua, aha atu rānei, a te tangata nāna i morimori (JPS 1894:28). / If it was a chief whose head was touched, then this word 'morimori' would be used for the action of touching the sacred head of the chief. The person who touched it would be the subject of a hostile party and his goods, land or other property would be plundered.
I tētahi wāhi o Haina e panapana ana te iwi i ngā minita karakia, muru rawa ngā taonga o ngā whare (KO 15/1/1885:2). / In one part of China the people have driven out the church ministers and plundered the possessions of the houses.
Synonyms: hunuhunu, kōhunu, hone, pārure, whakarekereke, romi, marure, mūrei, pāhua, pāhuahua
3. (verb) (-a) to wipe out, forgive, absolve, excuse, pardon, cancel - a modern connotation.
Kei te rapu anō hoki rānei koe kia mātau mehemea kua oti ō hara te muru mō tō tohe tonu ki te inoi, kua hopu rānei koe, he tika kua murua ō hara nō te mea kua pēnā tā te Atua kupu? (THM 1/10/1889:5). / Are you seeking to know if your sins are forgiven because you keep on asking, or is it right that your sins have been forgiven because that is what the word of God says?
4. (verb) (-a) to pluck off (leaves, feathers, etc.).
Ka murua ngā rimurimu, me ngā kohukohu i tōna tinana, ka ora ia i reira (NM 1928:24). / The seaweed and moss were removed from his body and then he revived.
5. (modifier) plundering, looting - especially in seeking ritual compensation.
I a Mita e ngaro ana, ka māuiuitia tana mokopuna, ka mate ki Poihākena. Te hokinga mai, ka tauatia a Mita ki te taua muru i runga i te whakapae nā āna mahi i mate ai tana mokopuna (TTR 1994:126). / While Mita was away his grandson became ill and died in Sydney. On returning here Mita was the subject of a muru party, on the accusation that he had caused his grandchild's death.
6. (modifier) confiscated, plundered.
Kore rawa a Taurua i whakaae kia utua mai ia mō ngā whenua muru (TTR 1990:166). / Taurua never agreed to take any payment for the confiscated land.
7. (noun) confiscation.
I tupea e ia he pōrangi mau pū, i whakaanga atu ia ki ngā rōpū kaipetipeti, me te muru hoki i ngā waipiro takahi i te ture (TTR 1998:9). / He disarmed a deranged gunman, confronted groups of gamblers and confiscated moonshine liquor.
poukai
1. (noun) King Movement gathering - hui held on marae where people who support the Kīngitanga demonstrate their loyalty, contribute to funds and discuss movement affairs.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 26-28; Te Kōhure Video Tapes (Ed. 1): 1;)
Nō te tau 1885, i tīmataria e ia te tikanga mō te poukai e torotoro ā-tau haere ai te Kīngi i ngā marae o te Kīngitanga ki te whakatītina i ngā iwi kia taki hokihoki ki ō rātou marae, ahakoa mō te wā kotahi noa iho i te tau (TTR 1994:133). / In 1885 he initiated the institution of poukai, where the King would pay annual visits to King movement marae to encourage people to return to their home marae even if it was just once a year.
