anō
1. (particle) again, more, same - a particle that sometimes indicates that an event is repeated or additional. Usually comes after manner, directional and locative particles, if they are present.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 67;)
Me hoki mai anō ia. / She must come back again.
Kei te pēhea koe? Heoi anō, ko taua āhua anō. / How are you? Oh well, just the same.
Synonyms: tāpiri
2. (particle) another, other, in addition.
3. (particle) also, too - often with hoki.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 129;)
4. (particle) a different, quite another.
I te kāinga, kāore e hamumu te waha. Engari kia haere ki te tāone me ana hoa, he tangata anō - he pākiwaha tonu (HJ 2015:64). / At home he doesn't say anything. But when he goes to town with his friends he's a different person - he's quite loud.
5. (particle) instead, rather, actually.
Ka tata mai taku ika ki te waka, ka hūtia ake, e hika, he rimurimu anō ia (HJ 2015:64). / When my fish was near the canoe and I lifted it up, lo and behold, it was actually seaweed.
Synonyms: engari
6. (particle) on the contrary, in actual fact, nevertheless.
Tahi: Kāore he tāngata o te toa ki te āwhina i a koe? Rua: He tāngata anō, engari i te warea kē ki te āwhina i ētahi atu (HJ 2015:65). / Tahi: Was there nobody in the shop to help you? Rua: On the contrary, there were people, but they were busy helping others.
Synonyms: ahakoa, hei aha koa, he ahakoa, hei aha (koa/noa iho), aua atu (rā), me aha koa, engaringari, tonu, ehara, engari
7. (particle) yet, already - to indicate completion or fulfilment of an action.
Hine: Kua kai anō kōrua? Rangi: Āe, kua kai kē māua (HJ 2015:66). / Hine: Have you two eaten yet? Rangi: Yes, we've already eaten.
8. (particle) until, when - when kia precedes the verb, anō indicates something will be completed when something else has been done. Adding rā before anō intensifies the meaning.
Kia mutu anō tō kai, kua pai tō puta ki waho. / When you've finished eating, you may go outside.
Kia tae rā anō tātou ki reira, ka kai ai. / When we finally arrive there, we'll eat.
9. (particle) then, only just, now for the first time, finally, only then will - used with kātahi and kā.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 74;)
Kātahi anō a Mīria ka hoki mai i Amerika. / Mīria has just returned from America.
Kia kite rawa aku kanohi, kātahi anō au ka whakapono (HJ 2015:67) / When I actually see it with my own eyes, then I will believe.
Synonyms: kātahi tonu ... ka ..., kāhi, kātahi anō ... ka ...
10. (particle) just like - when following rite, pēnei, pēnā or pērā.
Synonyms: tonu, rite tonu, me kore ake, me/mai/mei kore ake ..., mai kore ake, mei kore ake
12. (particle) up to the time spoken of, have not yet, has not yet, yet - when following kāore.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 56;)
Kāore anō tā tātou manuhiri kia tae mai. / Our visitors haven't arrived yet.
See also kāore anō ... kia
13. (particle) indeed, quite, actually, in actual fact, exactly, absolutely - used to intensify and add emphasis.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 109-110;)
Synonyms: mārire, pū, moruka, te mutunga (kē) mai (nei) o te ..., mārika, tahi, mōrukaruka, ehara ehara, pohapoha, puru, piropiro, hāwerewere, rukaruka, mārie, koia, rawa, āhua, tino, noa, tonu, kere, āta, hangehange, hengahenga, kāhua, (ko) tōna ... (nei), tou, noa iho
14. (particle) one ... another - when repeated with a noun.
He mahi anō mā te tāne, he mahi anō mā te wahine. / There is one task for the man and another for the woman.
2. (noun) body, trunk (of a tree), the main part of anything.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 87-88;)
Kia āhua roa e pāwerawera ana, ka whakamaroke te tinana o te tūroro ki tētahi tāora, ā ka kuhu ai he kahu maroke (TTT 1/9/1928:846). / When the patient has been hot for quite a long time, dry the body with a towel and then put on dry clothes.
See also ā-tinana
3. (noun) torso.
Ki te mea i tata te io ki te tinana, arā i runga rawa ake o te turi, he whanaunga e haere mai ana (White 2 1889:5). / If the twinge is near the torso, that is, it is way above the knee, that is a sign that relatives are coming.
4. (noun) self, person, reality - as opposed to an apparition.
E kore au e whai kupu atu ki a koe mō tētahi o ō kupu i pā mai ki taku tinana ko te take he āhua kino, ka hahani, ka amuamu te ritenga o tērā kupu (TPH 15/1/1900:1). / I will not make a response to you about one of your statements about myself because the implication of that assertion is somewhat rude, disparaging and begrudging.
Synonyms: anō, whaiaro, kōiwi, kōhī, kiri, tuakiri, tangata, tuatangata, tawhiti
mārika
1. (particle) exactly, absolutely, unequivocally, positively, seriously, essentially, indubitably, for the most part, in the main, deliberately, intentionally, carefully, really, gently, quietly, silently, completely, thoroughly, well and truly, actually, in fact, quietly, peaceably, peacefully, just, merely, very - used following the word it relates to, to intensify qualities, including bad ones, or to follow āe. It can be used to show approval or disapproval.
Tō tere mārika! / Gee you're quick!
I takoto mārika ia ki te whatitoka o tōna whare (HP 1991:19). / She lay right by the doorway of her house.
Engari te tīma tāne nāku mārika i whiriwhiri (HP 1991:250). / But the men's team I selected myself.
Ehara mārika i a Mahuta ake aua kaupapa o 1894 me 1895 nei (TTR 1996:86). / The plans of 1894 and 1895 were not Mahuta's personal work.
See also āe mārika
Synonyms: mārire, mōhū, mārie, māika, kōmuhu, pohapoha, puru, piropiro, hāwerewere, rukaruka, pū, anō, ehara ehara, moruka, te mutunga (kē) mai (nei) o te ..., tahi, mōrukaruka, koa, katoa, rawa, i neki, inā, ata, rā anō, rā pea, rānō, tino, kau, ake, tata, tika, tou, noa, noa iho, tōkeke, noa ake, tonu, ia, ia rā, heipū, kē, koia, koia, tinana
mārire
1. (particle) exactly, absolutely, unequivocally, positively, seriously, essentially, indubitably, for the most part, in the main, deliberately, intentionally, carefully, really, gently, quietly, silently, completely, thoroughly, well and truly, actually, in fact, quietly, peaceably, peacefully, just, merely, very - a word to intensify and add emphasis, often translated by one of the above. Where mārire follows a verb in the passive it will take a passive ending also, usually -tia.
Te reka mārire o te merengi nei. / This melon is really sweet.
Ka kimikimi te Whare ki ngā tikanga e pā ana ki te taha Māori, he tika kia āta whakaarohia mariretia aua tikanga (TWMNT 13/2/1877:27). / The House is considering matters affecting Māori, and it is only right that those matters be considered very carefully.
Synonyms: mārika, mārie, mōhū, kōmuhu, māika, tahi, mōrukaruka, pohapoha, ehara ehara, piropiro, hāwerewere, rukaruka, puru, pū, anō, moruka, te mutunga (kē) mai (nei) o te ..., rawa, i neki, inā, ata, rā anō, rā pea, rānō, tino, tōkeke, noa ake, tonu, ia, ia rā, heipū, kē, noa, koia, koia, tinana, koa, katoa, tou, tika, tata, ake, kau, noa iho
2. (verb) to be peaceful, quiet, fortunate, appeased.
Ko te kōhuru mā te pāwera, mā te hae, mā te ohorere o te ngākau, mā te mamae, tēnā ko te tāhae whenua he mea āta whakaaro mārire, he mea āta rūnanga rawa he kōrero parau, ehara i te hara ohorere nā te ohonga o te ngākau, kāhorehore, engari he hara he mea āta waihanga mārire, i whakamahia e te tangata tōna hinengaro ki te āta whakatakoto, kāhore i mahia i runga i te pāweratanga o te ngākau, engari i te ngākau anō e mārire ana (TP 3/1909:2). / Murder is done because of passion, jealousy, impulsively, or because of pain, but stealing land is something that is carefully planned and thought out with deception, it's not an impetuous sin, no, but it is a sin that is carefully devised and planned, not done on the spur of the moment, but when one's emotions are calm.
Synonyms: ukiuki, rangimārie, whakamārie, whakamāria, whakamārire, ngehe, āio, houkura, hūmārie, aumārire, tō, mārie, hūmārire, whakaaio, maho, māhaki, māika, nohopuku, tōngā, wahangū, nguengue, hū, rata, hūnguengue, hāngū, rarata
3. (noun) softness (of sound).
Ko te kahaoro te tīwerawera, te mārire rānei o te oro (RTP 2015:59). / The volume is the loudness or softness of the sound.
2. (particle) right from, all the way, finally, actually, really, even - used for emphasis or as an intensifier. When following a verb in the passive, a passive ending (i.e -hia or -tia) is also used with rā anō.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 147;)
I haria mai te kūmara i Hawaiki rā anō. / The kūmara was brought here all the way from the homeland.
He nui ngā hui a Tūhoe i tū ki te kōrero i tōna kawa. I te mutunga iho tērā pea kua uaua rawa te ū ki ērā tikanga i kōrerotia e ō māua kaumātua, i āta tuhia rā anōhia ērā mea katoa i kōrerotia hei titiro mā Tūhoe (Kāretu 2015). / There have been many Tūhoe gatherings held to discuss its kawa. In the end it's perhaps too difficult to maintain those customary practices talked about by our elders, all those things actually written down that were discussed for Tūhoe to look at.
See also rānō
Synonyms: mai rā anō, mai rānō, katoa, rawa, i neki, inā, tonu, ata, rā pea, rānō, mārie, mārika, mārire, ia rā, tino, kē, tinana, koia, koia, koa
3. (particle) until, only when - indicates a condition needs, or needed, to be met in order for something else to be achieved or completed.
Kaua e haere kia oti rā anō ngā rīhi te horoi. / Don't go until the dishes have been washed.
Synonyms: rawa
rā pea
1. (particle) indeed, actually, really - adds emphasis. Often written as one word in earlier texts, i.e. rāpea.
Kua kitea ake rā pea te kai e au i mua. Tēnā ko taku tāne kātahi nei au ka kite ki tēnei mea a te moe tāne (JPS 1952:180). / I have seen food before, but now for the first time I experience the joys of marriage.
Synonyms: kē, koia, koia, tinana, koa, katoa, rawa, i neki, inā, tonu, ata, rā anō, rānō, mārie, mārika, mārire, ia rā, tino
kē
1. (particle) already, long ago, instead, but rather, actually, different, other, another, alternative, at a different time, other than was expected, in a different direction, strange, odd, extraordinary, in a different place, beforehand, afterwards, for another purpose, really, truly - a manner particle that indicates difference or unexpectedness. Follows immediately after the word it qualifies. The verb it follows is often preceded by kua. Where kē follows a verb in the passive it will take a passive ending also, usually -tia. In this situation the passive ending may be dropped from the verb, but not from kē. As with other manner particles in Māori, while having a general overall meaning, kē can be translated in a variety of ways, depending on the context.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 120; Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 44, 91-92;)
Kua waiata kē tōu hoa. / Your friend has already sung.
Kua iriiria kētia a Hēmi hei Mihingare, engari hei mihi māna ki a Edith i whai kē ia i te Hāhi Perehipitīriana (TTR 2000:159). / Hēmi had been baptised an Anglican, but to honour Edith he joined the Presbyterian Church.
Kāore i puritia e te wahine mahue tētahi whakaahua kotahi nei o tana tāne - whiua kētia katoatia ana ki te rāpihi (HJ 2015:24). / The abandoned wife did not hold on to a single photograph of her husband - instead she threw them all into the rubbish.
Kāore he aha ki a au mēnā ka tirohia taku whaea e tōna ake tākuta, he tākuta kē rawa atu rānei. Ko te mea nui, kia tirohia ia i te rangi tonu nei (HJ 2015:25). / It doesn't matter to me whether my mother is seen by her own doctor, or a completely different doctor. The important thing is that she is seen this very day.
Synonyms: tāukiuki, noa atu, whāioio, neha, noa mai, aua atu (rā), noa ake, whanokē, atu, anō, ērā atu, kē atu, koia, koia, tinana, koa, katoa, rawa, i neki, inā, tonu, ata, rā anō, rā pea, rānō, mārie, mārika, mārire, ia rā, tino
koia
1. (particle) indeed, that is, here it is, it is the case that, so, hence, agreed, quite - used to emphasise what is being said.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 8;)
Koia anō pea kei tā tana tuakana te tika kia tere ai te tū o tana whare. / So his older brother was probably right in that his house would be built more quickly.
See also koia anō, koia kei a [koe], koia, koia, koia nā, koia nei, koia (rā/pū)
Synonyms: rawa, āhua, anō, tino, noa, tonu, kere, āta, hangehange, hengahenga, kāhua, (ko) tōna ... (nei), tou, noa iho
2. (particle) actually, exactly - used in interrogative sentences to give emphasis to a question.
Ko tāku whaiāipo koia tāu e pātai mai nā? / Is it actually my girlfriend that you are asking about?
3. (modifier) lawful, legitimate.
Ko te ahikā ka tohu ki te noho tūturu a tētahi tōpūtanga tāngata ki tētahi takiwā (Te Ara 2014). / Continuous settlement indicated legitimate occupation of a group of people to a particular area.
4. (noun) commitment, dedication, devotion.
I mea atu a Apirana Ngata he mahi tāna mā Arapeta kei Pōneke, engari nā tōna tūturu ki ngā kaupapa e pā ana ki tōna whānau me tōna iwi, kāore i tutuki te tono a Apirana (TTR 1998:176). / Apirana Ngata said he had work for Albert in Wellington, but because of commitments to his family and tribe, he wasn't able to fulfil Apirana's request.
5. (noun) upright, post (of a building).
Tītaha ana ngā tūturu o te whare (W 1971:460). / The posts of the house were leaning.
rānō
1. (particle) right to, as far as, since long ago - used with time expressions and emphasises the extent of the time interval involved. A variation of rā anō.
E ai ki te kōrero, mai rānō i te taenga mai o te waka o Mātaatua ki Aotearoa, kātahi anō ētahi o ngā iwi o Mātaatua ka hui ngātahi (TTR 2000:232). / This was said to be the first time that the various Mātaatua peoples had met together since the original arrival of the Mātaatua canoe in New Zealand.
2. (particle) right from, all the way, finally, actually, really, even - used for emphasis or as an intensifier. A variation of rā anō.
He maha ngā tāngata kua mate, engari e kore e mōhiotia wawetia tō rātou kaute, kia oti rānō te huke te paru (TP 9/1911:8). / Many people have died, but it won't be known immediately how many, not until clearing the mud has finally been completed.
Synonyms: mai rā anō, mai rānō, katoa, rawa, i neki, inā, tonu, ata, kē, rā pea, mārie, mārika, mārire, ia rā, tino, rā anō, koia, koia, tinana, koa
ia rā
1. (particle) then, indeed, in fact, really, actually, undoubtedly, just - words to add emphasis, including to questions and commands. Sometimes written as one word, i.e. iara.
Kia tauta i te 'Waka' kei tītaha, kei tahuri; kei kīia he hau nō uta, he hau riporipo kāore iara nō te moana anō i tahuri ai (TWMNT 15/3/1879:340). / Ballast the 'Waka' (newspaper), lest it lose its equilibrium and capsize; lest it be said it was overset by a wind from the land (i.e. by Māori), whereas, in fact, it was overturned by a wind from the ocean (i.e. by Pākehā).
He aha ia rā te hua o te horoi i ngā matapihi? E rua rangi ake nei, kua mōnenehu anō i te rehutai (HJ 2015:106). / Just what is the point of cleaning the windows? In just a couple of days they'll be blurred again from the spray.
Synonyms: kau, ake, tata, tika, tou, noa, noa iho, tōkeke, noa ake, tonu, ia, heipū, mārie, mārika, mārire, kē, koia, koia, tinana, koa, katoa, rawa, i neki, inā, ata, rā anō, rā pea, rānō, tino
mārie
1. (particle) exactly, absolutely, unequivocally, positively, seriously, essentially, indubitably, for the most part, in the main, deliberately, intentionally, carefully, really, gently, quietly, silently, completely, thoroughly, well and truly, actually, in fact, quietly, peaceably, peacefully, just, merely, very - a word to intensify and add emphasis, often translated by one of the above. Where mārie follows a verb in the passive it will take a passive ending also, usually -tia.
Ko te whenua ka takoto mārie, taihoa ka tupuria e te otaota, e te māheuheu (HJ 2015:101). / Land just left will in time be overgrown by weeds and scrub.
Synonyms: mārire, mārika, mōhū, kōmuhu, māika, tinana, koa, rā anō, rā pea, rānō, tino, katoa, kē, rawa, i neki, inā, ata, tata, tika, tou, noa, noa iho, tōkeke, noa ake, tonu, ia, ia rā, heipū, ake, kau, koia, koia, moruka, pū, puru, rukaruka, hāwerewere, piropiro, ehara ehara, pohapoha, mōrukaruka, tahi, te mutunga (kē) mai (nei) o te ..., anō
2. (verb) to be peaceful, friendly, harmonious, amicable, composed, abate.
I whakahoahoa rātou ki ngā Pākehā i runga i te wawata ka mārie tā rātou noho tahi (TTR 1990:77). / They were friendly towards the Pākehā in the hope that their existence together would be peaceful.
3. (verb) fortunately, it was fortunate, luckily.
Ka mea atu ngā tama, "Mārie anō kia haere mai koe!" Ka mea atu te koroheke, "Ki te aha?" Ka mea atu rāua, "Ki te karakia i ā māua māra." (NM 1928:170). / The boys said, "It was fortunate that you have come!" The elderly man said, "What for?" They said, "To recite ritual chants for our gardens."
Synonyms: marenganui, mokori anō, maringanui, māringanui, mokori
4. (modifier) peaceful, friendly, harmonious, amicable, composed.
He tangata mārie, whakamōwai a Rāni Erihana, i ngākau pono nui ki tana kamupene me tōna whānau (TTR 2000:59). / Rāni Ellison was a quiet, unassuming man who was devoted to his company and his family.
Synonyms: whakamārire, rangimārie, ukiuki, whakamārie, whakamāria, ngehe, āio, houkura, hūmārie, aumārire, tō, mārire, hūmārire, whakaaio
5. (noun) peace, calm, tranquility, calmness, peacefulness, serenity, composure, harmony, geniality.
Ko te mātau, ko te mārie nui i kitea ki tōna mata (MM.TKM 1/12/1855:13). / Intelligence and geniality could be seen in his countenance.
Synonyms: mahurutanga, marino, whakamārietanga, rongo, rangimārie, maungārongo, rongomau, waikanaetanga, whakaaio, āio, houkura, houhanga a rongo, hūmārie, aumārire, māriri, hūmārire
tahi
1. (numeral) one, single, 1 - as in counting out things, in which case each number is preceded by ka.
2. (numeral) firstly, first of all - when preceded by ka.
Tono rawa ia kia whakaaetia te wahine kia pōti ka tahi; ka rua, i tono hoki ia kia tū hoki he mema wāhine ki roto i te Pāremata Māori (TTR 1994:54). / She requested not only that women be given the vote, but that they be eligible to sit as women members in the Māori parliament.
3. (numeral) first, 1st - when used with this meaning it is preceded by te and followed by o.
E rua anō ngā rā nui o te tau o te Ringatū i hiwaia e ia, arā, ko te huamata i te tahi o Hune me te pure i te tahi o Noema (TTR 1998:27). / There were two special days in the Ringatū year on which he focused, namely, the planting rites (huamata) on the first day of June, and the harvest rite (pure) on the first day of November.
4. one ... the other, each - when repeated.
Kitea te nui o te aurei, o te kuru pounamu ki runga ki te pakihiwi o Tapuae, te here o ngā kākahu o te māhiti, me te wahine a Tapuae, he wahine rangatira hoki, he kākahu kiwi te kākahu, me ngā kōtore huia te rākai ki tahi taha, ki tahi taha, o te māhuna, ko te tiki ki te poho, ko ngā tautau tongarerewa ki tahi pakihiwi, ki tahi (TP 9/1908:3). / An abundance of ivory pins and greenstone ornaments could be seen on Tapuae's shoulder, fastening his garments and his māhiti. His wife too, a well-born woman, was wearing a kiwi cloak, with tail feathers of the huia adorning both sides of her head, a tiki on her breast, and quite a cluster of greenstone drops on each shoulder.
5. (modifier) together, simultaneously, as one, in unison, at the same time, concurrently, both, all - indicates that two or more things are happening or being affected by something at the same time.
Ki te kai te wahine hapū i te hikareti, ka kai tahi te pēpe e noho ake rā i roto i a ia (TP 1/1908:4). / If a pregnant woman smokes cigarettes, the baby that is inside her partakes too.
6. (modifier) actually, no less, absolutely - used after a word to intensify or to add emphasis.
Erangi, kātahi au ka whāki tahi i aua kupu tahi, “Kāore anō he iwi e toitū nei mō tēnei ao.” (JPS 1990:155). / But, then I actually revealed those very words, “There is not yet an undefeated tribe in this world.”
Kei te kaikā rawa ngā taitamariki ki te whakawātea i ngā tēpu. Kāore tahi anō i mutu taku kai, ka kawea taku pereti (HJ 2015:110). / The young people are too eager to clear the tables. I had not even finished my meal when my plate was taken away.
Synonyms: mārika, mōrukaruka, mārire, pohapoha, ehara ehara, piropiro, hāwerewere, rukaruka, mārie, puru, pū, anō, moruka, te mutunga (kē) mai (nei) o te ...
te ... ai
1. when, where, which, who, whom, that - with a verb between te and ai.
Ko te reo Māori te reo mātāmua o aua tamariki, koia te tika ai kia reo Māori katoa ngā rauemi mō aua kura (HJ 2012:191). / Māori is the primary language of those children, that's why it's appropriate that all the resources for those schools should be in Māori.
2. actually, truly - an intensifier where a verb or adjective is used between te and ai.
He pono taku kōrero, hei te Mane taku haki te tae atu ai (HJ 2012:191). / What I say is true, that on Monday my cheque will actually reach you.
Anei anō tētahi āhuatanga hei komekome māku. Ko te roa ai o te wā e whakapaua ana ki ngā kupu Pākehā (HM 2/1995:9) / Here is another thing for me to grumble about. It's the great length of time spent with English.
2. (verb) to grunt, snort.
I ōku haerenga ki ētahi kāinga i te mokemoke, i te manuheko noa iho o te āhua, i te nui o te poaka e horuhoru ana i tahi taha, i te kāhui kurī e auau ana i te aroaro, kāore kau he take hei pupuri i te wairua kori o te Māori i te kāinga, nā, ka mōhio au ki te take i ngākaunui ai te tangata ki te haere ki ngā pāparakāuta ki reira noho ai, he ngahau kē hoki i tōna ake kāinga (HKW 1/1/1902:2). / In my travels to some homes that were isolated, I saw that they were quite dirty, with many pigs grunting to one side and packs of dogs barking in front of you. It's pointless holding on to the lively spirit of the Māori at home, and I know the reason that a person was keen to go to the hotel to spend time, because it's more enjoyable than his own home.
3. (noun) vegetable caterpillar, Cordyceps robertsii - actually a type of fungus. When the caterpillar of some moths retreats underground to start to form into a pupa, preparing to develop into a moth, the fungus starts to grow using the caterpillar’s body for food. As the fungus grows, it forms a shell around the caterpillar’s body, and slowly the whole thing dries out. The caterpillar is slowly turned into a mummy and is dried and preserved in the fungal casing. The fungus feeds from the nutrients in the caterpillar’s body. It slowly grows a small stem through the head of the caterpillar, which is the part of the body closest to the forest floor. The stem grows slowly until it pushes through to the forest floor, eventually producing spores.
See also āwhato
mokoroa
1. (noun) larva or caterpillar of the pūriri moth - gnaws into the trunk of the pūriri tree and other trees. Lives on the sap, causing its eventual death.
He iti te mokoroa nāna i kakati te kahikatea (TTT 1/4/1923:9). / Although the mokoroa is small it attacks kahikatea. (A whakataukī suggesting that something that appears insignificant can bring down the mighty.)
2. (noun) vegetable caterpillar, Cordyceps robertsii - actually a type of fungus. When the caterpillar of some moths retreats underground to start to form into a pupa, preparing to develop into a moth, the fungus starts to grow using the caterpillar’s body for food. As the fungus grows, it forms a shell around the caterpillar’s body, and slowly the whole thing dries out. The caterpillar is slowly turned into a mummy and is dried and preserved in the fungal casing. The fungus feeds from the nutrients in the caterpillar’s body. It slowly grows a small stem through the head of the caterpillar, which is the part of the body closest to the forest floor. The stem grows slowly until it pushes through to the forest floor, eventually producing spores.
See also āwhato
nutara
1. (noun) vegetable caterpillar, Cordyceps robertsii - actually a type of fungus. When the caterpillar of some moths retreats underground to start to form into a pupa, preparing to develop into a moth, the fungus starts to grow using the caterpillar’s body for food. As the fungus grows, it forms a shell around the caterpillar’s body, and slowly the whole thing dries out. The caterpillar is slowly turned into a mummy and is dried and preserved in the fungal casing. The fungus feeds from the nutrients in the caterpillar’s body. It slowly grows a small stem through the head of the caterpillar, which is the part of the body closest to the forest floor. The stem grows slowly until it pushes through to the forest floor, eventually producing spores.
See also āwhato
2. (noun) incantation to begin a speech - the actual tauparapara used are a way that tangata whenua are able to identify a visiting group, as each tribe has tauparapara peculiar to them. Tauparapara are a type of karakia.
Ko wai hoki ka mōhio ki ngā whakamārama me te pūtakenga mai o ngā tauparapara katoa? (HM 4/1998:6). / Who can possibly know the explanations and the origin of all tauparapara?
See also tau, whaikōrero
3. (noun) five-finger, Pseudopanax arboreus - a tree with compound leaves with five to seven 'fingers' and thick, leathery leaves with large teeth. A small, many-branched, round-headed tree with thick, brittle, spreading branches. One of the most common native trees.
kei whea mai
1. it was outstanding, terrific, that's wonderful - an eastern dialect idiom exclaiming about the outstanding quality of something or someone, or his/her work. Sometimes it is used to compliment the thought, rather than the actual contribution. In this idiom, atu can replace mai.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 106; Te Pihinga Audio Tapes/CDs (Ed. 2): exercise 40; Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 76-77;)
Kei whea mai te ātaahua o ngā maunga o Te Tiritiri-o-te-moana! / How outstandingly beautiful the mountains of the Southern Alps are!
Kei whea atu i a Hirini mō te tito waiata Māori pārekareka nei (HJ 2012:27). / Hirini was outstanding at composing entertaining Māori songs.
