noho
1. (verb) (-ia,nōhia,-ngia) to sit, stay, remain, settle, dwell, live, inhabit, reside, occupy, located.
He tokomaha tonu ngā Māori kei te tāone e noho ana, nō reira hoki tētahi take i tika ai kia tū te mīhana ki reira (TP 7/1913:6). / There are quite a lot of Māori living in town, so that's a reason why it's appropriate that the mission be established there.
See also noho ora mai, nōhanga, nōhia, kei noho ... ka ..., nohoanga, kaua (rawa) [koe] e noho ka ..., nohonga
Synonyms: matawā, whakanoho, nonoho, whakakapi, tū, rarau, pūwhenua, nohonoho, whakaea, whakatatū, whakatau, whakamāhaki, whakataiwhenua, tatū, tau
2. (verb) remain - sometimes used before other nouns or verbs to indicate a state over a period of time.
Hei irāmutu a ia mā Te Rauangaanga, arā, ka noho karanga rua ai rāua ko Pōtatau Te Wherowhero (TTR 1990:70). / He was a nephew of Te Rauangaanga and as well a cousin of Pōtatau Te Wherowhero.
I taua wā noho nama ana taua pāriha mō te whakahoutanga i tōna whare karakia (TP 8/1909:8). / At the time that parish was in debt for the renovation of its church.
3. (noun) living, occupying.
Whā tekau mā whā tau te roa o tana minitatanga, engari, i pūmau tonu tana noho ki Te Kaha ā mate noa (TTR 1996:116). / His ministry lasted for 44 years, but he lived at Te Kaha until his death.
whakatoe
1. (verb) (-a) to leave over, cause to remain over.
Ka tae mai anō a Whatihua, ka kōrero atu ki te teina kia mahia ana māra kia nui noa atu. Ka tahuri a Tūrongo ki te mahi i ana māra, ā, korekore nei āna kūmara i whakatoe ai ki ana rua kūmara (NIT 1995:67). / Whatihua arrived again, telling his younger brother to make his gardens much larger. Tūrongo set about doing his gardens, and as a result there were no kūmara remaining in his kūmara pits.
2. (verb) to remain inactive in, frequent.
Hōngoingoi tonu mai ia ki te kāinga o tōna hungawai (W 1971:58). / She continued to frequent the home of her mother-in-law.
3. (modifier) inactive.
Nā te Ipurangi me ngā tākaro rorohiko kua puta ake he whakatupuranga hōngoingoi (PK 2008:129). / Because of the Internet and computer games an inactive generation has emerged.
2. (verb) to remain quiet.
Nō te tekau mā waru o ngā rā o Mei kūpapa ana tētahi rangapū hōia (e toru tekau takitahi rātou) i tētahi taha o te awa (TWM 13/6/1863:2). / On the 18 May a company of soldiers (there were thirty of them) were waiting quietly on one side of the river.
3. (verb) to be neutral (in a quarrel), collaborate, collude.
Ko Mangakāhia te māngai mō te hunga kāore i kūpapa ki ngā hiahia o te kāwanatanga koroni (TTR 1994:52). / Mangakāhia represented those who would not collaborate with the wishes of the colonial government.
4. (modifier) at a low level, near the ground, above the surface.
E rere ana tēnā manu ki runga riro, mahue noa iho te kapua. Ko au ia e rere kūpapa ana i te mata o te whenua (TKM.MM 30/3/1863:22). / That bird flies very high leaving the clouds below. I fly close to the surface of the land.
5. (noun) collaborator, ally, fifth column - a term that came to be applied to Māori who sided with Pākehā opposition or the Government. There has been a shift from a general meaning of neutrality to the modern use, which now sometimes has derogative connotations, similar to such terms as 'turncoat', 'traitor', 'quizling' and 'Uncle Tom'.
Ka whakatika atu a Te Whitimoa me ngā hōia Pākehā, me te rau kotahi o Te Arawa, me ngā kūpapa kotahi rau e whā tekau, ko Te Keepa te meiha o aua kūpapa (TWM 22/4/1869). / Whitmore and the Pākehā soldiers set off with one hundred Te Arawa and one hundred and forty allies led by Te Keepa who was the major of those collaborators.
Ko te tikanga ake o te kūpapa ko ērā iwi i tautoko i te kāwanatanga i ngā pakanga whenua o te rautau 1800. Nō konā kua ara mai anō tērā kupu mō te hunga Māori e haukoti ana i ngā hiahia o te iwi Māori (Te Ara 2015). / The original meaning of the word ‘kūpapa’ was for those tribes that supported the government in the 19th-century land wars. Subsequently it has been revived as a term for Māori who act against the interests of Māori in general.
6. (noun) New Zealand passionfruit, Passiflora tetrandra - native tendril climber with alternating, pointed, shiny leaves, white flowers smaller than the garden passionfruit and orange-coloured, pear-shaped fruit.
See also kōhia
Synonyms: pōhue, kōhia, kohe, kāhia, kaimanu, akakaikū, akatororaro, akakūkū, akakaikūkū, akakaimanu
whakatōngā
1. (verb) (-tia) to hide one's feelings, remain silent, be circumspect, be guarded, be cagey.
I a rāua ko Te Whiti i Te Waipounamu, mau tonu a Tohu ki tōna kore e pai ki ngā tikanga Pākehā, hāunga a Te Whiti i whakatōngā ia (TTR 1994:183). / When he and Te Whiti were in the South Island, Tohu steadfastly refused to be influenced by Pākehā ways, in contrast to Te Whiti who was more circumspect.
2. (verb) (-tia) find fault with, criticize.
Ko te tangata i ahu mai nei tētahi wāhi o tōna mātauranga i te Pākehā he tangata e whakatōngātia, e haea, e whakatātaretia, e ngau tuarātia e ngā tāngata kūware (TKO 31/8/1920:5). / The person whose knowledge comes partly from the Pākehā is a person who is criticized, envied, scrutinized and subjected to backbiting by ignorant people.
3. (modifier) retiring, reticent, unassuming, reserved, inhibited, restrained, reluctant, circumspect, guarded, cagey.
Ka whakawahia ko te tangata whakatōngā nei, e rite tonu nei te pāngia e te mate, ko Te Rata, hei Kīngi hou (TTR 1996:253). / The reticent man, Te Rata, who was continually ill, was crowned as the new King.
Synonyms: rikarika, ārikarika, tikumu, pūihi, moke, manauhea, whakawhēuaua, horokukū, whakakumu, kōroiroi, manawa pā, whakatohetohe, parahako, korongatā, korou kore, whakatenetene, whakauaua, tāpui, hūnguengue, konekone, nohopuku, tōngā, wahangū, nguengue, whakamōwai, memeke, rāhui
4. (noun) reluctance, restraint.
He nui ngā raruraru. Arā tētehi ko tana whakatōngā ki te tautoko i te kaupapa whakatau i ngā whenua raupatu o Waikato, i kawea ai e Tūmate i te tau 1938 (TTR 1998:88). / There were many difficulties. One was his reluctance to support the settlement of the Waikato confiscation claim, which Tūmate was negotiating in 1938.
Synonyms: paraire, hūmārika, whakatohetohe, korou kore, ngākau kore, kōroiroi
mānga
1. (verb) (-ia,-tia) to feed food that has been chewed so that it is soft.
I ngā wā o mua, me mānga ngā kai mā te pēpi kāore anō i whai niho, arā, ka ngaungaua te kai mārō kia ngāwari. / In the past food for babies that didn't yet have teeth had to be masticated, that is, hard food was chewed so that it was soft.
2. (noun) remains of food (after a meal).
Ka kite i te mānga aruhe e takoto ana, ka noho, ka kai (W 1971:177). / When she saw the leftover fern-root lying there, she sat down and ate.
2. (modifier) immediately, quickly, instantly, straightaway, right away, forthwith, at once - indicates something happens immediately following something else.
Ka kai nei rā taua māia nei, ānō ka mākona tangetange, kātahi ka matewai a ia (White 5 1888:57). / That fellow ate and it was as if he was quickly satisfied, then he was thirsty.
Synonyms: tere, wawe, rere, kimonga kanohi
toe
1. (verb) (-a) to be left over, remaining, leave, reserve.
Tērā tētahi manu kei te awa nui o Amerika ki te tonga, kei te Amahona, e kīia ana e whā waewae o taua manu i te mea e kūao ana. He matimati anō kei ngā parirau, hai ngōki haere māna. Ā, ka kātuatia ka makere ngā matimati, toe iho ko ngā parirau anake (KO 10/9/1890:3). / There is a bird in the large river of South America, the Amazon, which is said to have four legs when it's young. It has claws on the wings so that it can crawl about, and when it matures the fingers drop off leaving just the wings.
Synonyms: whakaputunga, whenua rāhui, whakakawhena, whakatapu, haumi, porowhita, rāhui, tāpui, tūrāhui, whakatoe, mōmōhanga, maunu, wehewehe, wehe, whakangā, waiho iho, tuku, awaiho, maiki
whakaririka
1. (verb) to be anxious, apprehensive, concerned, worried.
Kei te whakaririka te whakaaro o Waikato e ea rānei tana pōwhiri i a Ngāti Maniapoto, ka mau rānei ki te kupu a Mania-uruahu (NIT 1995:243). / Waikato was apprehensive as to whether Ngāti Maniapoto would accept its invitation or whether Maru-uruahu's word would be kept.
2. (verb) to wait anxiously.
E toru wiki, e whā wiki, e rima wiki mātou e whakaririka ana kia tae mai he rongo pai mai i te nuinga (HM 3/1993:3). / We were waiting anxiously for three, four and five weeks for some good news to arrive from the majority.
3. (verb) to remain impassive, ignore provocation, endure, tolerate.
E whakamanawanui ana ki ngā mea katoa, e whakapono ana ki ngā mea katoa, e tūmanako ana ki ngā mea katoa, e whakaririka kau ana ki ngā mea katoa (PT I Koroniti 13:7). / Beareth all things, believeth all things, hopeth all things, endureth all things.
4. (verb) (-tia) to cower, quail, cringe.
I muri iho i te kohetetanga, ka whakaririka te kurī i tōna nohoanga (Ng 1993:74). / The dog cowered in its kennel after the growling (Ng 1993:74).
5. (verb) (-tia) to slight, snub, affront.
Ka whakaririkatia e ia tētahi wahine o Ngāti Haua (TTR 1996:115). / He snubbed a woman of Ngāti Haua.
6. (verb) (-tia) to dream of.
Ka tuku au, ē, ki taku matua mate, e whakaririkatia iho e au ki te pō (M 2005:274). / I will go to my dead father who I dream about in the night.
parapara
1. (noun) remains, scraps, leftovers, part of the afterbirth, offal.
Haere tonu ai mā raro i ētehi wā mō ngā māero e hia kē nei te roa, ki te āta titiro i te puna wai inu o aua kāinga, ki te wāhi pangaina ai ngā parapara tae atu ki ngā whakaritenga parukore, ā, ki te āwhina i te hunga e māuiuitia ana (TTR 1996:140). / He sometimes travelled many miles on foot to inspect the water supply of those villages, the places where rubbish was disposed and sanitary arrangements and to help the sick.
Synonyms: parakai, waipara, whaipara, karaweta, toenga, parahanga, pakapaka, paka
whakakiriūka
1. (verb) to remain firm.
He tika kei te nunumi atu te tira o ngā kaumātua i ngā torouka, engari tēnei anō te hiku e whakakiriūka iho nei, kia āta tirotiro iho ai anō ki te hiki o te waewae o te ope tamariki (HKW 1/1/1901:6). / It's correct that the generation of elders is disappearing out of sight around the headlands, but the rearguard is standing firm, so look carefully at how the youth are treading.
2. (modifier) unflinching, unwavering, resolute, dogged, staunch, undaunted.
Nō ngā whakararu pērā me taua hui ka puta tō te Nāti wairua - he wairua whakakiriūka ahakoa he aha ngā uauatanga, kia ū ko te mahi ki uta (TWK 14:32). / The Nāti (Ngāti Porou) spirit emerged as a result of such problems - an unwavering spirit, despite the difficulties, to complete the task.
Synonyms: rae pakari, ngākau titikaha, manawa rahi, pūtohe, niwha, kiriūka, manawanui, marohi, mārohirohi, titikaha, pikoni, ū, pūkeke, aumangea, pukunanaiore, tōkeke
2. (modifier) scarce, rare, treasured, precious.
Ā he taonga mōmōhanga te kupu a Ihowā i aua rā; kāhore he whakakitenga nui (PT Hamuera 1 3:1). / And the word of the Lord was precious in those days; there was no open vision.
Synonyms: pūhore, ouou, mokomokorea, whakaonge, mokorea, ongeonge, nihoroa, mōtī, marihi, matahīapo, matenui, kahurangi, puiaki, puipuiaki, hokoi, kāmehameha, piripoho, tongarerewa, māpuna, tongarewa
3. (noun) remnant, remainder, leftover.
Tiakina tēnei pukapuka, he mōmōhanga nō ngā pukapuka a tōku tupuna. / Look after this book because it is a remnant of my grandparent's books.
Synonyms: toenga, whakamakere, makorea, rurenga, mōrehu
tū
1. (verb) (-ria) to stand, take place, set in place, establish, hold, convene.
Ka tū te purei hōiho i Te Pakipaki i te 24 o Tīhema 1878 (TW 19/10/1878:524). / Horse races will take place at Pakipaki on 24th December, 1878.
Kāti, i tēnei ata kāore i tū te rore (HP 1991:22). / Well, this particular morning the lorry didn't stop.
See also tūria
Synonyms: whakatakoto
2. (verb) to remain, placed.
Ko te punga anake o Horouta e tū ana, me te tatā, me te māhē, me te kūmara mō Waiapu (TWMNT 11/9/1872:114). / Only the Horouta canoe's anchor, bailer, and the kūmara for Waiapu remained there.
Synonyms: noho, rarau, nonoho, whakanōhia
3. (verb) to turn up (of the nose, often indicating disdain), sniff, smell.
Tū kē ana te ihu i te rerenga mai o te piro i ngā wai whakamate (KO 13/12/1882:6). / Smelling the stench of the contaminated water.
See also tū te ihu
4. (verb) to be erect, raised.
Kei te pēhea te tangata hara ki ēnei kupu aroha? Kāore i te whakarongo, engari kei te whawharo haere te ihu pēnei i te hōiho matakana kei te tū te waero ki runga (TP 7/1909:7). / What does the sinful person think about these words of concern? He does not listen, but snorts like a distrustful horse with its tail raised.
Synonyms: hītengitengi, rāngai, pūwhata, rāngaingai
5. (verb) to stop, halt.
I te heke i Hawaiki ki Aotearoa, ka tū te waka ki Rangitāhua ka patu a Turi i ngā kurī e rua hei whakanui i te atua a Maru (Te Ara 2013). / On the migration from Hawaiki to New Zealand, the canoe stopped at the Kermadecs and Turi killed two dogs as a sacrifice to the god Maru.
6. (verb) (-ria) to be appointed.
I haere atu ahau ki a ia, ka kī atu ko te mea tika me tū ia hei Minita mō te taha Māori, ina hoki ko ia te tangata pai hei rīwhi mō Te Mākarini (RT 2013:86). / I went to him and said that the right thing was that he should be appointed as Minister of Māori affairs, because he was the right person to replace Mr McLean.
7. (verb) to be rough, high (of the sea).
Kua tangi te whatitiri, kua rū te whenua, kua pā te hauhau kino, kua tū te ngaru, kua tukoki te waka, kua oho ngā iwi, kua pāwera katoa, kei te tangi (TH 1/1/1861:1). / The thunder has sounded, the land has shaken, the strong wind has struck, the waves have become high, the canoe is unsteady, the people have awoken, they are all alarmed and are weeping.
Synonyms: kōrawarawa, pohepohe, karekare, oru, whenewhene
