puri
1. (verb) (-tia) to hold, retain possession of, keep, hold on to, grip, restrain, keep in the memory.
Heoi anō, nā te hiahia tonu o Timi Kara ki te puri i ngā whakahaere, ka tohua e ia he tiamana ki ngā poari e popore ana ki te rīhi (TTR 1994:13). / However, because of James Carroll's desire to hold onto control, he appointed chairmen to the boards who favoured leasing.
Synonyms: tiaki, pupuru, pupuri, puripuri, nati, paraire, whakaita, whakatina, whakawhenua, whakapupuri
2. (modifier) memorised, retained, ancient (lore).
Ehara anake ko ngā kōrero tīpuna e pā ana ki ngā kōrero puri, ki ngā tāhuhu kōrero me te whakapapa i mau i a ia (TTR 1994:16). / It wasn't only the ancestral narratives of ancient lore, history and knowledge of genealogy that she held.
Synonyms: mau
3. (noun) holding, retention, retaining.
Ki tōna nei whakaaro me mau tonu te puri a ngā tāngata whai pānga i ō rātau whenua (TTR 1998:12). / In his opinion the shareholders should continue with the retention of their land.
pupuri
1. (verb) (purihia,puritia) to hold, retain possession of, keep, hold on to, grip, restrain, keep in the memory, save (computer), burn (a disk).
Ka warua katoa ngā tapeha, māmā ana tērā ki te pupuri (HP 1991:15). / When the bark was scraped off it was easy to hold.
Synonyms: puripuri, puri, tiaki, pupuru, whakapupuri, whakawhenua, whakaita, paraire, nati, whakatina
2. (modifier) retaining, holding.
Ko tā Hīria he kohi rimurapa hei hanga pōhā tītī, he raranga kete pupuri pōhā hei kawe mai i ngā tītī i te motu (TTR 1996:71). / Hīria's task was gathering bull kelp to make bags for preserving muttonbirds, and weaving baskets to hold the kelp bags to transport the muttonbirds from the island.
3. (noun) retention, retaining.
I nanao atu ia ki ngā taonga o te ao hou, me te pupuri i ngā tikanga o te ao tawhito (TTR 1990:27). / He grasped hold of the treasures of the new world while retaining the practices of the old world.
kuku
1. (verb) (-a,kūngia,-tia) to nip, hold in the breath or a feeling, hold back, draw together, clamp.
I le mutunga o tana kōrero mō tana tamaiti, ka kūkua tōna manawa i te 10 o ngā rā, pō noa te rā i te 11, ka riro ia (TW 2/3/1878:105). / When he ended his talk about his child, he had a heart attack on the 10th of the month, and at 11pm after the sun had set, he died.
Synonyms: kikini, kini, kinikini, timotimo, timo, kakati, kukuti, kuti, kati, nanapi, pakini, honi, hohoni
2. (verb) (kūkua,kūngia,-tia) to close, double up, clasp.
Ka tūturi aua rangatira, taua rua, ka kuku i ō raua ringa, ka whakatoro ki te rangi, ka whakawhetai atu ki te Atua (TWMNT 23/2/1875:43). / Those two chiefs knelt down, clasped their hands and stretch them to heaven, and praised God.
3. (verb) (kūkua,-ngia,-tia) to clench (the fist).
Ka kukua te ringaringa, ka motokia ake ki tōna ihu, ā, ka toto te ihu, ka pania ki te matau (TAH 38:48). / He clenched his fist, punched his nose and when his nose was bloody, he smeared it on the fish-hook.
4. (verb) (kūkua) to haunt.
Nāna i wete te kēhua kua roa kē nei e kuku ana i a Timi Kara, ā, noho māmā ana tōna ngākau (TTR 1994:15). / He shed the ghost that had long haunted James Carroll, who was relieved.
5. (noun) fear, nightmare, colic.
Ka moe koe, ā, e haere mai ana te wairua o tētahi tangata ki te patu i a koe, he kuku tēnā (W 1971:155). / When you sleep and the spirit of a person comes to kill you, that is a nightmare.
6. (modifier) fearful, dreadful, awful, horrible.
Kei te pēnei anō a Poihākena, ko ngā wāhi paru o te tāone e kaha ana te pāngia e te mate urutā hou nei. Nā reira, e te iwi, e tūmatatenga ana mātou, ki te whiti mai tēnei mate ki Niu Tīreni nei ko taua, ko te Māori, hei tipinga mā tēnei atua kuku (HKW 1/4/1900:2). / Sydney is in a similar position with the dirty parts of the city being hit hardest by this new epidemic. So, people, we are concerned that if this disease crosses to Aotearoa/New Zealand we, the Māori, will be decimated by this fearful disease.
7. (noun) haunting.
Waiho ērā kia noho tapu ki te whānau, ngā āhuatanga tapu nei, ngā āhuatanga o te kuku o te tangata e te kēhua (Milroy 2015). / Let those things remain sacred to the family, these matters of tapu, the ways a person is haunted by a ghost.
8. (noun) pincers, tweezers, forceps.
Puritia te paepae mā te kuku i a au e whaiuru ana (Ng 993:339). / Hold the bar with the pincers while I file it.
pupuru
1. (verb) (purutia) to hold, retain possession of, keep, hold on to, grip, maintain, restrain, keep in the memory, clasp, save (computer).
Ka tata rawa ki te ū ki uta, ka tahuri te kōpapa nei, ka mau te kōtiro kaumātua ake ki tētehi o ngā tamariki ka kau ki uta, ka mau tētehi o rāua ki tētehi tamaiti ka pupuru tonu ki te waka (TH 1/8/1859:4). / When they had almost reached the shore this small canoe capsized and the oldest girl grabbed one of the children and swam ashore, while the other one grabbed another child and held on to the canoe.
Synonyms: tuarā, whakanonoi, puri, tiaki, pupuri, puripuri, whakapupuri, whakatina, nati, whakaita, paraire, whakawhenua
2. (modifier) retaining, holding.
I uru katoa ngā Māori ki roto i te raruraru o Taranaki i runga i te kaupapa pupuru i tō rātou mana (TTR 1994:195). / All Māori were involved in the Taranaki troubles for the purpose of retaining their mana.
3. (noun) retention, retaining.
Ko tā rātou whakapono mā te kotahitanga o ngā iwi i raro i te kīngi kotahi, he ōrite te mana ki tō te Kuīni o Ingarangi, ka mutu ai te pakanga a tētehi iwi i tētehi, te pupuru a te iwi Māori i te whenua Māori (Te Ara 2016). / Their belief was that by unifying the people under one sovereign equal in mana to the Queen of England, intertribal conflict would end and the retention of Māori land would be achieved.
tāwhi
1. (verb) (-a,-tia) to hold, hold back, suppress (feelings), withhold.
Tāwhia kia mau, kia ita i roto i te heketanga o te wānanga o ngā karakia o te kete tūātea i a koe, e koro, e! (JPS 1926:107). / Retain and hold firm, be steadfast in the inherited knowledge of the ritual chants of the art of magic that you possess, sir!
See also tātāwhi
2. (verb) (-na) to look after, nurse, care, protect, conserve, save (computer).
I runga i te kupu a Henare Parata, ka tukua mai e te Tari Māori i Pōneke he nēhi, arā, he wahine tiaki tūroro (TP 2/1903:11). / On the word of Henare Parata, the Native Affairs Department in Wellington sent a nurse, that is, a woman who cares for sick people.
Synonyms: pupuri, pupuru, poipoi, tieki, tūpore, taute, pena, penapena, nāhi, nānā, tapuhi, morimori, nēhi, mohimohi, hiki, whakatapuhi, taumaru, whakahaumaru, whakaruru, rī, manaaki, whakamarumaru, whakaruruhau, rauhī, parahau, araarai, whakahau, whakangungu, whakamaru, pare
3. (verb) (-na) to have custody of.
Me haere tonu rātou ki te kōti, arā te Kōti Whānau, ki te tono mō tētahi pepa ki te hiahia rātou ki te tiaki tonu i ngā tamariki mō ngā rā katoa (RT 2013:80). / They must go to court, that is to the Family Court, to request a form if they wish to have full-time custody of the children.
4. (verb) (-na) to hold in trust, administer for others.
Ka kaha kē nei te āwhina a Meihana i te whānau o tana wahine, o Kahu, tiaki hoki i ō rātou pānga whenua i te poraka o Reureu, me tana tiaki, whakanui atu hoki i te marae o Te Hiiri (TTR 1998:32). / Mason unstintingly assisted members of his wife, Kahu's, family in managing their interests in the Reureu block and in maintaining and extending Te Hiiri marae.
5. (verb) (-na) to wait for, watch for.
Kei tātahi ia e tiaki ana i te waka o Karihi kia ū mai (W 1971:414). / He is at the beach waiting for Karihi's canoe to land.
6. (noun) looking after, protection, safeguarding.
Ko te tino kaupapa a Te Whiwhi ko te tiaki i ō rātou whenua (TTR 1990:345). / Te Whiwhi's primary focus was the protection of their lands.
See also tiakanga
Synonyms: tiakitanga, papare, whakangungu rākau, waonga, amarara, hamarara, parahau, whakahau, pare, puapua, tiakanga, whakamaru, whakangungu, kaikaro, taumaru, whakahaumaru, pātūtū, taumarumaru
2. (noun) hollow of the hand, palm.
Ko te rongoā nei me riringi ki te kapu o te ringa, ā, ka ngongo ake mā te ihu, ā, ka tuha mai mā te waha (TTT 1/2/1925:188). / This medicine should be poured into the palm of the hand and sucked up via the nose and then spat out through the mouth.
See also rāhui
3. (noun) instep (of the foot).
Ka rapa te uira i konei, ka papā te whatitiri, arā i tawhiti, i tawhiti, ka tae te ngiha ki ō rāua tinana, hauporoa tonutia iho ngā rekereke o tētahi, o tētahi, ka mau ko tētahi wāhi o te raparapa, me ngā kapu (KO 15/10/1883:6). / The lightning flashed here and the thunder exploded, that is at a distance, but the lightning reached their bodies, severing the heels of them both, leaving some parts of the soles and the insteps.
4. (noun) crayfish tail.
5. (noun) curl.
Ka tīmata te whākanakana o ngā kanohi; titiro rawa atu ki te moana, e whakangaro atu ana ngā waka, ko te kapu kau o ngā hēra e kitea atu ana (JPS 1973:136). / He began to stare, looking far out on the ocean where he saw the canoes just disappearing from sight, only the curve of the sails was to be seen.
6. (noun) object invested by a tohunga with the powers of a rāhui - it can be hidden so that nobody can render the rāhui ineffective.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 226;)
Ko te tikanga o te kapu kia kore ai e taea taua rāhui te takahi e huhua noa iho e ngaro ai te mana o taua rāhui (Wh4 2004:226). / The purpose of the 'kapu' is so that a rāhui can not be abused by anybody whereby the power of that rāhui dissipates.
7. (noun) wooden funnel - for feeding a tapu person.
nanao
1. (verb) (naomia,naomanga) to take hold of, feel with the hand, handle, grasp, grab, snatch, gather together.
Nō te taenga ki Ōrongorongo, ka huri atu ki te whakamāmā i te pīkaunga a Te Wera o Ngāti Mutunga, te kaimataara i a ia; ā, nanao kē atu ki tana pātītī, ka patua a Te Wera (TTR 1990:223). / On arriving at Ōrongorongo Te Korou set about lightening the load of Te Wera of Ngāti Mutunga, the person who was watching him; and he grabbed his long-handled tomahawk, and killed Te Wera.
See also naomanga
2. (noun) taking hold of, grasping, grabbing.
E rua ngā mahinga tītī: ko te nanao ki te pī i te rua; ko te rama pī ka puea i ō rātou rua (Te Ara 2011). / There are two stages in harvesting muttonbirds (sooty shearwaters): nanao, when chicks are extracted from their burrows; and rama, when the chicks are caught by torchlight when they come out of their burrows.
nao
1. (verb) (-mia) to handle, feel with the hand, lay hold of, grab.
Ka naomia mai e aku tuākana rangatira e Te Hati rāua ko Te Ngārara Houkāmau, e tō mātau pāpā hoki, e Hōri Mahue 'hei piki kōtuku ki ō rātau māhunga, hei māpihi maurea ki ō rātau taringa' (TTT 1/5/1926:401). / My senior chiefs, Te Hati and Te Ngārara Houkāmau, and our uncle, George Mahue, grabbed her 'as a plume for their heads and as a treasure for their ears'.
See also naomanga
2. (noun) rauhuia, Linum monogynum - an endemic coastal shrub which grows into a soft bush up to 50 cm, with attractive small grey leaves and flaring white flowers produced in spring and summer.
See also rauhuia
Synonyms: rauhuia, kaho, matamatahuia
pākūhā
1. (verb) to hold a traditional wedding ceremony.
Ā, nō tēnā wā tonu ka pākūhā, ā ko te take tēnei i haere ai a Te Rehunga ki Tāmaki noho ai (JPS 1906:63). / And at that time the marriage feast was carried out, and this was the reason that Te Rehunga went to Tāmaki (south-west of Dannevirke) to live.
See also pākūwhā
2. (modifier) matrimonial, nuptial, wedding.
Ko ngā hui take kore me whakamutu, ko ngā tuku taonga ki ngā uhunga me te tikanga pākūhā me whakangāwari, ā, me whakatakiwā ngā hui nunui (HKW 1/9/1901:13). / The pointless meetings should cease, the sending of gifts to funerals and wedding ceremonies should be modest, and large gatherings should be separated into regions.
3. (noun) connection by marriage.
I tērā wā he pū tētahi mea e matea nuitia ana e te tangata, he pākūhā tonu hoki a Te Amohau ki a Ngāti Kawiti (M 2006:94). / At that time a gun was something highly desired by men, and Te Amohau was a recent bridegroom of Ngāti Kawiti.
4. (noun) present by the bridegroom and his relatives to the father of the bride.
Ka whakatara a Te Amohau ki tana pākūhā, mehemea kāore e hiahia ana ki te pū (M 2006:94). / Te Amohau consulted about his present to the bride's father and whether he would want a gun.
whakatūtū
1. (verb) (-ria,-tia) to set up, erect, construct.
Ka whakatūtūtia ngā rākau nei mō ngā taha o te whare, mō te whatitoka, mō te tuarongo hoki (HP 1991:12). / This timber was erected for the sides of the house, for the doorway and for the back wall.
Synonyms: rahurahu, whakakaupapa
2. (verb) (-ria,-tia) to convene, establish.
Tērā anō ētahi rangatira o Pēwhairangi e whakatūtū hui ana ki Waitangi (TTR 1994:110). / There were some Bay of Islands chiefs who convened meetings at Waitangi.
3. (verb) (-ria,-tia) to parade, perform, carry out manoeuvres.
Ko te ope i tākina atu e Kūkūtai i whakatūtū i raro i te haki o Ingarangi (TTR 1990:42). / Kūkūtai led a contingent which paraded under the Union Jack.
Synonyms: tapa, whakaataata, whakahua, whakahaere, mahi, hahaka, haka, whakarite, whakaatu
4. (modifier) erecting, constructing, building.
I whakahaungia e Rāwiri Puhirake ngā wāhine i āwhina i te mahi whakatūtū tūwatawata i Pukehinahina, kia whakatahi rātau i mua o te kōkiritanga a te ope Pākehā (TTR 1990:212). / The women who had helped in the fortification construction work at Pukehinahina had been ordered to withdraw by Rāwiri Puhirake before the British force attacked.
5. (modifier) establishing, instituting.
He tangata i anga ia ki ngā mahi a te rangatahi Māori, nāna i whakakīkī te mahi whakatūtū kapa haka mō rātou (TTR 1998:132). / He was a person dedicated to the activities of Māori youth and advocated the work of establishing cultural groups for them.
6. (modifier) holding, running, convening, organising.
Pārekareka ana hoki ki a Te Kooti te mahi whakatūtū rērehi hōiho, hai whakamāmā ake pea māna i te mōkinokino o tēnei mea o te pakanga (TTR 1976:218). / Te Kooti also enjoyed holding horse-racing events, perhaps to provide relief from the grim reality of warfare.
Synonyms: whakarērere, oma, omaoma
7. (modifier) parading, drilling.
Kotahi wiki ki Pōneke, he mahi whakatūtū hōia te mahi (HKW 1/5/1902:9). / We were one week in Wellington doing military drills.
Synonyms: tūngārahu
8. (noun) erection, construction, building, raising.
Nā ngā moni hua o te hokonga i ngā rākau tōtara o ngā whenua o ngā Mahupuku i utu te whakatūtū haere i ērā o ngā whare papa rākau nei (TTR 1994:47). / The proceeds of the sale of tōtara trees from Mahupuku lands paid for the construction of these timber houses.
Synonyms: huti, hutinga, hīanga, whakatupu, whakapiki, whakaputu, whakatipu
9. (noun) parade, drill squad, marching group.
He maha ngā whakatūtū kātipa i uru atu te ope Māori hei whakanui i te Tiupiri i te 22 o Hune 1897 (TTR 1996:259). / The Māori contingent participated in many of the military parades to celebrate the Jubilee on 22 june1897.
10. (noun) parade drill, parade, drilling, manoeuvres.
Ka riro katoa mai ō mātau kākahu, pūtu, pēke, ka tīmata te whakatūtū hōia (HP 1991:103). / When we had obtained our uniform, boots and bags the military parade drill began.
whakataruna
1. (verb) (-tia) to delay, linger, stall for time, hold up.
I whakataruna mātau tae noa ki te taenga mai o te kaikōrero (Ng 1993:449). / We stalled for time until the speaker arrived.
Synonyms: karioi, taruna, whakaroa, whakananawe, paratinaku, tarioi, whakatinaku, whakawhēauau
2. (modifier) dilatory, tardy.
whakawhenua
1. (verb) to set (of heavenly bodies).
Me pēhea kē e wareware ai i a au taua pō ko te kitenga whakamutunga hoki tērā i a koe, ā, rongo rawa ake māua ko taringa kua whakawhenua kētia a `Meremere-Tāwera, te whetū takiaho mai o te rangi,' ā, tau mai ana ko te pōuri nui (HM 1/1994:1). / How could I forget that night, which was the last time I saw you, and when I heard, it was as if Venus, the shining star of the heavens, had already set, and a great sadness settled upon me.
Synonyms: rumaki
3. (verb) to hold fast, define land.
I whakawhenua tūturutia anō hoki e ērā o ngā rangatira o te raki o Waiapu, ō rātau whenua (TTR 1990:41). / The other chiefs of northern Waiapu also defined their permanent land.
4. (verb) to sink to the bottom.
Kāore i te mōhiotia ko hea te ara tika e ū pai ai tō tātou waka reo ki te whenua houkura, tē whakawhenua noa ki te kōpū o Hinemoana (HM 3/1993:2). / It's not clear where the right path is whereby our language canoe will reach the prosperous land and not just sink down to the bowels of Hinemoana.
2. (modifier) holding counsel.
I ngā rā o mua, i te wā o te Pākehā kīanō i noho i ngā motu nei, he iwi rūnanga te Māori ki te rapu tikanga mō rātou, ā he iwi āta rapurapu i ngā mea e ora ai, e toa ai, ā e noho mana ai te Māori, ā he iwi rongo ki ō rātou rangatira, ā e ui ana mātou, kei hea te mea o ā te Pākehā kōrero e kōrero nei i te pāremata i rerekē atu i ā te Māori rūnanga o mua (TW 28/9/1878:479). / In former times, at the time when the Pākehā had not yet settled in these islands, the Māori were a people that held counsel to seek processes for themselves, and they were a people that carefully investigated the things whereby they would live, succeed and maintain their status, and they were a people who listened to their leaders, and we ask, what is it that Pākehā say in parliament that is different from what Māori did in councils in former times.
3. (noun) council, tribal council, assembly, board, boardroom, iwi authority - assemblies called to discuss issues of concern to iwi or the community.
Nā te rūnanga i Pēria i whakahaere te kāwanatanga o te rohe, me te whakawā ina te wānangatia ki roto i te whare rūnanga (TTR 1990:321). / The council at Pēria provided local government and also dispensed justice, after discussion in the meeting house.
4. (noun) legislative assembly.
Ko Te Mākarini te tangata nāna i whakapuaki tēnei whakaaro i roto i te Rūnanga o te Kāwanatanga, ā, whakapaingia ana e ngā Pākehā katoa o taua Rūnanga (TWM 26/9/1867:1). / Mr McLean was the person who expressed this view in the Legislative Assembly of the Government and it was approved by all the Pākehā members of that Legislative Assembly.
2. (verb) to lay hold of, grasp (followed by ki), wield (as in mau rākau).
Kei hopu tōu ringa ki te aka tāepa, engari kia mau ki te aka matua (NM 1928:40). / Do not catch hold of the loose vine, but lay hold of the main vine.
3. (verb) to put on, wear.
Ina rā, te pūhutihuti me te mā o ngā makawe, te kikorangi o ngā whatu, te tāroaroa o te hanga, te paipa i te waha, he pāhau te kanohi, me tana kāmeta mau haere tonu e pūhia ana e te hau kaha o Pōneke (TTR 3:188). / Tall, bearded, with a shock of white hair and blue eyes, pipe in mouth, ever-present scarf flicking about in Wellington's stiffer breezes, he was instantly recognisable (DNZB 3:493).
Synonyms: whakatū, whakamaumau, uta
2. (verb) (-ia,-ina) to hold aloft .
Ka tū rā Hurukahu, ka hoka i tana patu (M 2004:388). / Yonder stood Hurukahu holding his weapon aloft (M 2004:389).
takahi
1. (verb) (-a) to trample, tramp, stamp, tread, abuse, disregard.
Taro ake ka haku a ia i takahia te mana o tōna iwi o Moeraki (TTR 1990:351). / After a time he complained that the rights of his people of Moeraki had been disregarded.
See also takahanga
Synonyms: maukino, kangakanga, whakamania, whakakino, whakamanioro, tunuhuruhuru, takahanga, tūkino, whakakinokino, takakino
2. (verb) (-a) to disobey, defy, contravene, breach, violate, ravish (a woman).
Ki te mau mātau e takahi ana i tēnei ture a rātau, ka whiua mātau ki te kirikau, ki te pirita rānei, mamae rawa (HP 1991:32). / If we were caught disobeying this rule of theirs we were punished with the strap or a supplejack cane and it really hurt.
3. (verb) (-a) to travel.
I ngā wā o te waikanaetanga ka takahia e Te Rauparaha te nuku o te whenua ki te toro i ngā iwi e rata mai ana ki a Ngāti Toa (TTR 1990:297). / In times of peace Te Rauparaha travelled widely to visit the tribes who were friendly to Ngāti Toa.
4. (verb) (-a) to place the foot on anything (to hold it).
Ko te wahine tēnā nāna i takahi te kauahi (W 1971:367). / That is the woman who held down the bottom firestick with her foot.
