3. (modifier) lawful, legitimate.
Ko te ahikā ka tohu ki te noho tūturu a tētahi tōpūtanga tāngata ki tētahi takiwā (Te Ara 2014). / Continuous settlement indicated legitimate occupation of a group of people to a particular area.
4. (noun) commitment, dedication, devotion.
I mea atu a Apirana Ngata he mahi tāna mā Arapeta kei Pōneke, engari nā tōna tūturu ki ngā kaupapa e pā ana ki tōna whānau me tōna iwi, kāore i tutuki te tono a Apirana (TTR 1998:176). / Apirana Ngata said he had work for Albert in Wellington, but because of commitments to his family and tribe, he wasn't able to fulfil Apirana's request.
5. (noun) upright, post (of a building).
Tītaha ana ngā tūturu o te whare (W 1971:460). / The posts of the house were leaning.
ūkaipō
1. (noun) mother, source of sustenance.
2. (noun) origin, real home.
ake
1. (particle) from below, upwards, in an upwards direction - indicates direction upwards when following verbs of motion. It may indicate an upwards direction towards the speaker or away from the speaker, a group, or someone else. Like the other three directional particles, atu, mai and iho, it always follows manner particles (i.e. kau, kē, noa, rawa and tonu) if they are present in the phrase.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 27, 120;)
Piki ake ki konei! / Climb up here, please!
Ka titiro ake ia ki ngā whetū e kapokapo mai ana i te rangi. / She looked up at the stars twinkling in the sky.
2. (particle) upwards, in an upwards direction - used with verbs which designate perception or attitude. It may also be used to reinforce words with positive connotations, such as progress, enlightenment, good health and to indicate an action that is performed quickly and with ease.
Ka mīharo ake i te mea ko te wā i tuhia ai e ia ngā kōrero nei kua eke kē a Hēmi ki te taumata o te tangata e kīia ai ia 'he kōkōmuka noho tara-ā-whare', arā, ko ōna tau whakahingahinga, whakatā hoki (HP 1991:v). / It is amazing because the time when these stories were written was when Hēmi had reached the age of being a stay-at-home, that is, his years of retirement.
Ko ngā mea i ora ake, i taki omaoma ki ngā whāruarua i uta huna ai (TTR 1990:153). / The ones who survived fled inland to the valleys to hide.
I haere ia ki te Kura Māori o Raukōkore, ā, pai ana te haere o te ako i a ia; kitea ake ana e ōna kura māhita tōna pūmanawa (TTR 2000:1). / He attended Raukōkore Native School and the learning progressed well; his teachers quickly recognised his talents.
3. (particle) Implying direction to some place connected with the speaker, the listener, or someone else, but not where she/he/they are at the time.
Engari, ki te peka ake koe ki tōku kāinga, haria ake anō he kai māu. / But if you stop off at my home, take some food for yourself.
I mua i tana nehunga i Kōkōhīnau ka mauria ake a ia ki te mahau o Ruataupare, takoto ai (TTR 1996:231). / Before her burial at Kōkōhīnau she was carried to the veranda of Ruataupare to lie in state.
4. (particle) immediately, without delay, from that time, from that time on, forthwith - indicating a further immediate action.
Titiro ana a Hana Kōkō ki te tamaiti, tangi ake ia. / When Santa Claus looked at the child, the child cried.
5. (particle) just, recently, promptly, thereupon - used in time expressions, seemingly for emphasis. In this usage ake is often followed by nei to indicate that the action will take just a short while, or it has been over for a short while.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 121;)
6. (particle) Used to emphasise distance, especially with location words.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 45;)
I kuhu te titipounamu ki roto ake i te puare o te tīwai o te tawhai. / The rifleman went right into the hole in the trunk of the beech tree.
I tanumia a ia ki Korowhata, e whakatāiri rā i runga ake o Pūtiki (TTR 1990:17). / He was buried at Korokata, above Pūtiki.
7. (particle) Used when comparing things. This includes iti, although it may often be followed by iho. This usage will normally be used with adjectives, but verbs created by prefixing whaka- to adjectives (e.g. whakarahi, whakapoto, whakaroa) or location words may be used.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 101;)
He pai ake tēnei i tēnā. / This is better than that.
He nui noa ake te taupori o Kirikiriroa, tēnā i tō Rāhui Pōkeka. / Hamilton's population is a lot more than that of Huntly.
Me whakapoto ake te kōrero i konei, me kī i mīharo, i whakamihi, ngā mema Pākehā ki te ahua ki ngā mahi a ngā iwi o Te Tai Rāwhiti i kitea e ō rātou ake kanohi (TKO 31/3/1921:4). / The account here should be abbreviated, but I should say that the Pākehā members were amazed and they praised the nature of the work of the tribes of the East Coast that they saw with their own eyes.
(Kei te whakairia e Rangi he whakaahua ki te pakitara.) Rangi: Ki konei? Hine: Kāo, ki runga ake (HJ 2015:176). / (Rangi is hanging a picture on the wall.) Rangi: Here? Hine: No, higher up.
See also kaha ake
8. (particle) original, indigenous, own, real, very own, personal, personally - to emphasise to whom something belongs or for whom something is intended. With possessive pronouns the word order is variable, e.g. tōku waka ake or tōku ake waka.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 45-46;)
Ko te iwi Māori te iwi ake o Aotearoa. / The Māori people are the indigenous people of New Zealand.
Ki te haere ia ki ngā hui, me mau te tangata i tōna ake tauera (TTT 1/11/1927:686). / If he goes to gatherings a person should take his own towel.
Synonyms: taketake, tūturu, tō, anō, tipu, tupu, tinana, tino
9. (particle) myself, herself, himself, yourself, ourselves, themselves - indicates the reflexive when it occurs with ki te or i a followed by a pronoun.
Hei reira, i roto i tō wira, ka tukua e koe ō taonga ki aua kaitiaki, ā ka whakahaerea e rāua me te mea nā rāua ake anō aua taonga, otirā he mahi kau tā rāua i aua taonga mō ō tamariki anō (TWMNT 7/4/1874:83). / Then, in your will, you give your property to those trustees, and they will use it as if that property belongs to themselves, but they will do it for your children.
10. (particle) exactly, right, truly, just - can intensify certain words, including question words, locative nouns and sometimes kore.
Kei hea ake ngā tamariki weriweri rā? / Just where are those horrible children?
Nō konei ake te nuinga o aku hoa. / The majority of my friends are from right here.
Kore ake a Timi i toa ki te whakapākehā i te ‘pōkokohua’ a Eruera ki te Kāwana Tianara (EM 2002:214) / Timi was just not brave enough to translate Eruera's 'pōkokohua' for the Governor General.
Synonyms: mōtika, tonu, matatika, tōtika, take, heipū, tikanga, tika, matau
11. (particle) and so on, and the like, and other places, elsewhere, etc. - to indicate things that are additional to those already mentioned.
Ko ia tonu te tangata tiaki i ō rātou pānga i Te Wairarapa, i Kaikōura, i Taranaki, i hea ake, i hea ake (TTR 1998:210). / He himself was the person looking after their land interests in Wairarapa, Kaikōura, Taranaki and elsewhere.
Āpiti atu ko ngā taputapu whakatangitangi - kia rangona atu te tangi a te pūtōrino, a te pūtātara, a te pahū me te aha ake (HM 3/1998:8). / In addition there are the musical instruments - so that the sounds of the pūtōrino (large traditional flute), the conch shell trumpet, the gong and other instruments can be heard.
2. (noun) body, trunk (of a tree), the main part of anything.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 87-88;)
Kia āhua roa e pāwerawera ana, ka whakamaroke te tinana o te tūroro ki tētahi tāora, ā ka kuhu ai he kahu maroke (TTT 1/9/1928:846). / When the patient has been hot for quite a long time, dry the body with a towel and then put on dry clothes.
See also ā-tinana
3. (noun) torso.
Ki te mea i tata te io ki te tinana, arā i runga rawa ake o te turi, he whanaunga e haere mai ana (White 2 1889:5). / If the twinge is near the torso, that is, it is way above the knee, that is a sign that relatives are coming.
4. (noun) self, person, reality - as opposed to an apparition.
E kore au e whai kupu atu ki a koe mō tētahi o ō kupu i pā mai ki taku tinana ko te take he āhua kino, ka hahani, ka amuamu te ritenga o tērā kupu (TPH 15/1/1900:1). / I will not make a response to you about one of your statements about myself because the implication of that assertion is somewhat rude, disparaging and begrudging.
Synonyms: anō, whaiaro, kōiwi, kōhī, kiri, tuakiri, tangata, tuatangata, tawhiti
tino
1. (modifier) importance, main, best, top, principal, pre-eminent, favourite, staple, real, true, absolute - when used before a noun to indicate something is unrivalled or is true or genuine.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 48-49;)
Koia nei te tino kai a taua iwi. / This is the staple food of that people.
Wairākau: Ko te tino tikanga o tēnei kupu mō ngā mea kei te whakamōmona i te whenua kia kaha ai te tipu o te kai (RK 1994:168). / Wairākau: The true use of this word is for things that are enriching the land so that crops grow strongly.
Synonyms: pekepoho, aporei, timuaki, tumuaki, tupu, tinana, tipu, ake, tūturu
2. (modifier) very, quite, exact, true, really - when used before an adjective or verb to show a high degree or absoluteness.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 48-49;)
3. (noun) main, important, value, significance, essence, essential, quintessence, soul, substance - when used as a noun.
Synonyms: matū, wairua, aporei, matua, whakaihiihi, waitohu, hiranga, whakahirahiratanga, hirahira, māramatanga
4. (interjection) I totally agree, yes indeed, agreed, positively - used to show strong agreement with a statement.
Te reka kē o te tītī nei! Tino! / This mutton bird is really tasty! Yes, indeed!
tupu
1. (verb) (-ngia,-ria) to grow, increase, spring, issue, begin, develop, prosper, sprout, originate - western dialect variation of tipu.
Ko tēnei taru, ko te parakipere e mōhio ana ngā Māori, kei ngā wāhi katoa e tupu ana (TJ 2/8/1898:3). / Māori know that this plant, the blackberry, grows everywhere.
See also tipu
2. (modifier) real, genuine, own, ancestral.
I te haringa mai i te tinana o Hone Heke, ka tangihia ki Ōtaki, ki Whanganui. Nō te taenga ki tōna kāinga tupu ki Kaikohe, ka uhungatia e Ngā Puhi tōna tūpāpaku (TP 3/1909:3). / When Hone Heke's body was transported here it was wept over at Ōtaki and Whanganui. When it reached his ancestral home at Kaikohe, Ngā Puhi performed traditional funeral rites over his corpse.
Synonyms: taketake, tipu, ake, anō, tō, tinana, tino, tūturu
3. (noun) seedling, growth, development, shoot, bud.
tipu
1. (verb) (-ria) to grow, increase, spring, issue, begin, develop, sprout, prosper, originate - eastern dialect variation of tupu.
E tipu ana i reira te miro, te kawhi, te tupeka, me te tōhuka (TP 8/1899:3). / Cotton, coffee, tobacco and sugar cane grow there.
See also tupu
3. (noun) seedling, growth, development, shoot, bud, plant.
Ko te nuinga o ngā tipu he uri nō Tāne Mahuta, nō Rongomātāne, ā, nō Tangaroa hoki ētahi (RP 2009:402). / The majority of plants are of the realm of Tāne Mahuta, Rongomātāne and Tangaroa.
Synonyms: tanu, pou, rākau, tou, rumaki, tiri, tiritiri, kōkō, whakatō, whakatōtō, whakatopatopa, marotiritiri, tupu, wana, pihinga, pihi, pipihi, puhi, puhipuhi, kāwai, tītere, kotete, kōkihi, wene, pupuhi
4. (noun) swelling, lump.
Me haere koe ki te rata kia tirohia mai te tipu i tō tuarā. / You had better go to the doctor to have the lump on your back looked at.
Synonyms: poikurukuru, pōkurukuru, repe, koropuku, pungapunga, punga, huahua, pukupuku, puku
atua
1. (noun) ancestor with continuing influence, god, demon, supernatural being, deity, ghost, object of superstitious regard, strange being - although often translated as 'god' and now also used for the Christian God, this is a misconception of the real meaning. Many Māori trace their ancestry from atua in their whakapapa and they are regarded as ancestors with influence over particular domains. These atua also were a way of rationalising and perceiving the world. Normally invisible, atua may have visible representations.
Ko te atua o te pakanga, ko Tū-mata-uenga. He maha ōna ingoa: Tū-kā-riri, Tū-te-ngaehe, Tū-mata-uenga, Tū-tawake, Tū-whakamoana-ariki, Tū-kai-taua, Tū-kai-tangata (M 2006:122). / The atua of war, Tū-mata-uenga. He has several names: Tū-kā-riri (Tū-the angry-one), Tū-te-ngaehe (Tū-who-tears-apart), Tū-mata-uenga (Tū-who-incites), Tū-tawake (Tū-who-hastens), Tū-whakamoana-ariki (Tū-who-enriches-the-sea), Tū-kai-taua (Tū-who-destroys-war-parties), Tū-kai-tangata (Tū-who-destroys-mankind) (M 2006:123).
2. (noun) God.
E tino maumahara ana au ki taua pō e inoi ana tō mātau koroua ki Te Atua kia tohungia mātau (HP 1991:14). / I well remember that night when our grandfather was praying to God that we be spared.
(kei) Mahurangi
1. way off track, way off beam, away with the fairies, lost the plot - an idiom to suggest that someone's thoughts have gone a long way from the issue or that they don't understand the real meaning of what they're saying.
E hoa, kei Mahurangi kē ō whakaaro e haere ana. Hoki mai ki te whenua, kia ū ki te kaupapa (HKK 1999:163). / Hey mate, you've gone way off track. Come back to earth and stick to the topic.
kupu kiko
1. (noun) base - a word that expresses lexical or real meaning in a sentence or phrase, e.g. whare, haere, hea, Te Kūiti, tātahi, Ani, riro.
Tumu: He kupu kiko koia te karihi o te kīanga (HJ 2015:12). / Base: This is a meaningful word that is the nucleus of the phrase.
Synonyms: tumu
tumu
1. (noun) foundation.
Ko ngā whakairo i oti i whakamaua ki te anga whare Pākehā he raima te tumu (TTR 1994:62). / The completed carvings were attached to a European frame on concrete foundations.
See also tumu kōrero
2. (noun) stump, base.
Ka pahure ngā tau ka pirau te take. Ka poroa atu tērā wāhanga ka whakaarahia anō. Nā te maha o ngā poroporonga ka poto rawa te rākau nei. Nō te tau 1954 tonu nei, ka tukuna te tumu ki te whare pupuri taonga o Tūranga (TTR 1990:16). / Over the years the base rotted. That part was cut off and it was re-erected. Because it was shortened many times this tree was very short. In 1954 the stump was gifted to the Gisborne Museum.
3. (noun) post, pole, stake.
Heoi ka tūpato tana iwi ki tērā, ka tōia ngā waka ki ngā tumu ka herea, kia kore ai ia e hoe atu ki te moutere (Te Ara 2014). / However her people were suspicious and dragged their canoes up to the mooring stakes and tied them up so that she could not paddle across to the island.
See also tumu herenga waka
Synonyms: pōhi, pouihi, toko, tiripou, turupou, tumutumu, pōra, poupou, pou, tīrou, tōpito o te ao, pōhi, turuturu, koteo, tokotoko
4. (noun) dependable leader.
Ko ia tonu te tumu here i ngā iwi e rua i pai ai te noho i Te Ara-a-Kiwa (TTR 1990:329). / He was a dependable leader of both peoples for good relationships in Foveaux Strait.
See also tumu whakarae
5. (noun) main post of the palisading of a pā.
He nui ngā wharepuni, wharau, me ngā whare, kāuta, pātaka, pūkiore; he whakairo ngā tumu o te pā, me ngā kūwaha me ētahi atu mahi (TP 11/1909:4). / There are many sleeping houses, shelters, houses, cooking sheds, store houses and houses with decorative panels; and the main palisade posts of the pā are carved, as well as the gateways and other constructions.
6. (noun) stake for marking boundaries of fishing grounds.
Ka makere ia ki te wai, kau atu ana. Ka pā atu ia ki tētahi pou e tū ana i te taha o te tāhuna, o te hōhonu, he tumu nā tōna matua, nā Umukaria, kei te moana. Ko Hinewhata te ingoa o taua tumu. Ko tēnei tumu ko tōna ritenga koia tēnei. Ka whiwhi te tino rangatira i te oneone, whiwhi ana ki uta, whiwhi ana ki te moana, koia i meinga ai, 'kei uta ētahi o ōna oneone, kei te wai ētahi' (Biggs 1997:109). / She dropped into the water and swam. She came upon a post standing on the edge of a sandbank and the deep water, a fishing boundary marker in the lake belonging to her father, Umukaria. Its name was Hine-whata. The significance of this fishing boundary marker was this. When an important chief possessed territory he owned the land and the lake or sea, so it was said 'part of his territory is on land and part in the water'.
7. (noun) bird snare.
Ko te tumu, he peka rākau iti kua wehe te pito kia rua ngā peka iti iho. Ka herea ngā pito o ēnei peka iti. Ka waihotia te peka kia hono tonu ki te rākau, ka tapahia rānei ka whakamaua ki rākau kē. Kātahi ka whakairia he kono ki runga me te taura i te taha o te kaihopu kei tōna maimai e huna ana. Ka tiaina te taura ki te whenua. Tau ana he manu ki te tumu ka kūmea te taura kia mau ai te manu i te kono (Te Ara 2014). / The tumu was a small branch that divided into two branchlets. These were tied together at the end. The branch was left growing on the tree, or cut and reattached to another tree. Then a snare-loop was laid on it and a cord tied to this loop led to a shelter where the fowler was hidden. The cord was stuck in the ground. When a bird landed on the tumu, the fowler pulled the loop to catch the bird in the snare-loop.
8. (noun) trunk (of the body).
Te kauwae o Tāwhaki, te kakī o Tāwhaki, te porongāue o Tāwhaki, te tumu o Tāwhaki (White 1 1887:93). / Tāwhaki's jaw, Tāwhaki's neck, the nape of Tāwhaki's neck, Tāwhaki's trunk.
9. (noun) base - a word that expresses lexical or real meaning in a sentence or phrase, e.g. whare, haere, hea, Te Kūiti, tātahi, Ani, riro.
Tumu: He kupu kiko koia te karihi o te kīanga (HJ 2015:12). / Base: This is a meaningful word that is the nucleus of the phrase.
Synonyms: kupu kiko
