2. (noun) link.
I te rironga o aku tīpuna ki te pō ka mahue mai ko te reo hei taukaea ki tō rātou ao, ki ō rātou huatau, ki ō rātou wheako me ērā o ō rātou tīpuna o tua whakarere (Kāretu 2016). / Upon the demise of my forebears what remained was the language as a link to their world, their thoughts and their experiences along with the experiences of their antecedents (Karetu 2016).
Synonyms: tauhere, tūhonotanga, whaitake, piringa, hono, hononga
taura here
1. (noun) binding ropes, urban kinship group, domestic migrants, kinship link - a term sometimes used for tribal members in the city who join taura here groups to help to retain their identity and links back to their tribal homelands. These link back to iwi organisations and often taura here representatives have a place on iwi boards. For example, Te Runanga nui o Ngāti Kahungunu ki te Upoko o Te Ika is the Wellington taura here group for Ngāti Kahungunu. There are two taura here groups in Auckland for Ngā Puhi – Te Taura Here ki Manurewa (South Auckland) and Te Taura Here o Ngāpuhi ki Waitākere (North and West Auckland).
Nō te tau 1925 i whakatūria a ia hai kaikaunihera whakahaere mō te Kotahitanga o ngā Tāngata Mahi o Niu Tīreni mō te rohe o Tūranga, ka noho nei ia hai tino taura here mō te uniana nei me ngā Māori o te taiwhanga o Tūranganui-a-Kiwa (TTR 2000:121). / In 1925 he was appointed as the New Zealand Workers’ Union’s executive councillor for the Gisborne district, and he became a key link between the union and Māori of Poverty Bay.
2. (noun) leash.
tūhonohono
1. (verb) (-a) to join.
Ko tētahi mahi nui a Ngāti Porou i ēnei rā ko te whakaara waea kōrero, arā terepōno, kei te tūhonohonoa ngā kāinga katoa o Ngāti Porou e te waea, i Tawhiti ki Taumata-a-Apanui (TP 4/1906:9). / Important work for Ngāti Porou these days is erecting telephone wires, joining all the Ngāti Porou settlements from Tawhiti to Taumata-a-Apanui.
Synonyms: tāpiri, whakauru, pāhekoheko, hiki, tūhoto, uru, whakamoemoe, whakatapoko, kuhukuhu, honohono, pūtahi, tūhono, hono, whakakapiti, porotūtaki, porotūtataki, uhono, haumi
2. (modifier) compact, linking.
Whakairohia ana ngā hua o tēnei hui ki te whatumanawa o Erueti, ka puta nei ngā kōrero tūhonohono i ngā iwi i runga i ngā whakamoenga, i ngā pākūhā pērā i a Tūrongo rāua ko Māhinārangi i te rau tau tekau mā whitu, hua iho ana ngā tātai uri i taua moenga (TTR 1998:21). / The effects of this meeting were etched in Edward's mind, focusing as it did on inter-tribal marriages such as that of Tūrongo and Māhinārangi in the seventeenth century and the important genealogical lines deriving from that marriage.
Synonyms: hono
tūhonotanga
1. (noun) attachment, joining, link.
Ko te tūhonotanga ki te whaea, ko te rauru tēnā; ko te pito e mau nei ki te tamaiti, ka kīia tēnā ko te pito; ko waenganui ko te iho tēnā (W 1971:75). / The attachment to the mother is the 'rauru'; the end fixed to the child is called the 'pito'; and in the middle is the 'iho'.
Synonyms: pahekotanga, hono, hononga, tauhere, whaitake, taukaea, piringa
hononga
1. (noun) union, connection, relationship, bond.
Ka waiho hai whakamaharatanga mō te hononga o Ngāti Kahungunu ki a Te Arawa (TTT 1/3/1930:2003). / It remains as a memorial to the relationship of Ngāti Kahungunu to Te Arawa.
Synonyms: taunekeneke, pāhekoheko, whaitake, whakanohonoho, whanaungatanga, whakapiringa, piringa
2. (noun) joint.
Kua mamae ngā hononga katoa o te tinana (TTT 13/12/1921:4). / All the joints of the body become sore.
Synonyms: pāhekoheko, honohono, taihonotanga
3. (noun) joining place, link.
Kotahi anō huarahi ki taua pā ko te hononga o taua kūrae ki te tuawhenua (TKO 31/7/1919:4). / There is only one way to that pā and that is the place where that headland joins the mainland.
Synonyms: pūtahitanga, tauhere, tūhonotanga, whaitake, taukaea, piringa, hono
tauhere
1. (verb) (-a) to tie, bind, lash.
Nā tēnei hui ka maunu a Tūhoe ki waho o tōna rohe, arā nā te kaha o Āpirana Ngata ki te whakahaere. E Ngāti Porou, kua mārenatia koe ki a Tūhoe; tauherea ō kōrua ngākau ki te here o te aroha (HKW 1/3/1900:12). / As a result of this meeting Tūhoe have moved out of their territory, that is to say it is a result of Āpirana Ngata's efforts. Ngāti Porou, you have united with Tūhoe; so bind your hearts with the ties of love.
Synonyms: ruruku, whiu, rona, whiwhita, tātā, karawhiu, mīmiro, tui, whakarorerore, mimire
2. (noun) link, connection, linkage, tie.
Ki ngā tangata o Taitoko, ko 'Granny Retter' tā rātou karanga i a ia, te wahine nāna i mohimohi ngā tīpuna whāea, ngā tamariki hoki o taua tāone, ā, ko ia anō hoki te tauhere atu ki ngā rā o nehe o te ao Māori, Pākehā anō hoki (TTR 1996:163). / To the people of Levin, their name for her was 'Granny Retter', the woman who had cared for their first generation of mothers and babies, and who was a link with the past of the Māori and Pākehā worlds.
Synonyms: hononga, tūhonotanga, whaitake, taukaea, piringa, hono
piringa
1. (noun) shelter, hiding place, haven, refuge.
Hei piringa anō hoki te koraha mō te tangata pai e tūkinotia ana (KO 15/12/1883:18). / The open country is also a refuge for the good person who is being abused.
Synonyms: ruruhau, tuohunga, whakamaurutanga, punanga, whakamaru, taumaru, pātakitaki, pāruru, tūrutu, pātūtū, whakaruru, taumarumaru, whakamauru, whakamarumaru, whakaruruhau, maru, tāwharau, tīhokahoka, whakahau
2. (noun) connection, link, association, relationship.
Nā runga i tōna hononga ki a Te Taoū i roa ai tana piringa ki Ōrākei (TTR 1996:174). / She had a long association with Orakei through her connection with Te Taoū.
Synonyms: hono, hononga, tūhonotanga, whaitake, taukaea, tauhere, pāhekoheko, whakanohonoho, whanaungatanga, whakapiringa, taunekeneke
2. (verb) (-tia) to possess a claim.
He whakapūmau i ētahi whenua rāhui i reira ki ngā tāngata Māori e whaitake ana (RT 2013:104). / Some reserve land there was certified to Māori people who had a claim.
Synonyms: whaipānga
3. (noun) connection, association, link, relationship, relevance.
Ka kōrero a Te Rōpihana i te whaitake o te Hāhi ki ana motu o Rarotonga (KO 16/11/1885:7). / Rev. Robertson spoke about the connections of the Church to his islands of the Cook Islands.
Synonyms: haratau, hāngaitanga, piringa, hono, hononga, pāhekoheko, whakanohonoho, whanaungatanga, whakapiringa, taunekeneke, tauhere, tūhonotanga, taukaea
hono
1. (verb) (-a) to join, connect, splice, add, log on.
Honoa te haumi, aukaha rawa i ngā rauawa, whakaū rawa he herepuru anō mō ngā rauawa, he raupō hoki mō te wai kei uru ki roto (TWMNT 17/11/1874:285). / Add the canoe extension, lash the top boards, reinforce the caulking for the top boards and also with raupō least water leaks in.
Synonyms: takiuru, haumi, honohono, pūtahi, tūhono, kuhukuhu, whakakapiti, porotūtaki, porotūtataki, uhono, tūhonohono, tāpiri, whakauru, pāhekoheko, hiki, tūhoto, uru, whakamoemoe, whakatapoko
2. (verb) (-a,-ngia) to marry, wed.
Nō te 24 o Āperira i te tau 1899 i Mātihetihe, i moea ai e Himiona Kāmira a Mereana Harekuku (ko Te Ruru tētahi anō o ōna ingoa) o Ōrira. Nā Pā John Baptist Becker (ko Pā Hoane tōna ingoa ki ngā Māori o Te Hokianga) rāua i hono (TTR 1998:74). / On 24 April 1899, at Matihetihe, Himiona Kāmira married Mereana Harekuku (also known as Te Ruru) of Ōrira. Father John Baptist Becker (Pā Hoane was his name among Māori of Hokianga) married them.
3. (verb) to continually, continual.
Tēnā ko tēnei, hono tonu, hono tonu te tangi ki te motu mō te mate rawa atu o tēnei nūpepa (KO 15/12/1883:1). / Now this one is continually lamenting to the country that this newspaper is in dire straits.
4. (modifier) linking, connecting.
He tātai hono anō ōna ki a Ngāti Rongomaiwahine me Ngāti Rākaipaaka o Nūhaka me Te Māhia, tae atu ki a Rongowhakaata me Ngāi Tāmanuhiri o te takiwā o Tūranga (TTR 2000:129). / He had genealogical links to Ngāti Rongomaiwahine and Ngāti Rākaipaaka of Nūhaka and Māhia, and to Rongowhakaata and Ngāi Tāmanuhiri of the Gisborne area.
Synonyms: tūhonohono
5. (noun) link, joining, connection.
Ahakoa te hono atu o ētahi o Ngāti Ira mā ki te tira whawhai a Te Kooti, kāre a Te Popo i mau rākau (TTR 1994:. / Despite some of Ngāti Ira joining Te Kooti's fighting force, Hira Te Popo did not take up arms himself.
Synonyms: tūhonotanga, pahekotanga, whaitake, taukaea, piringa, tauhere, hononga
muru
1. (verb) (-a) to wipe, wipe on, wipe off, rub, rub off, smear, paint, pluck (feathers, etc.).
Ko te waka rā i murua ki te peita mangu (TW 19/10/1878:9/521). / That canoe was painted with black paint.
Synonyms: tā, waituhi, pani, kōmuku, koromuku, kōmuru, kōmukumuku, panipani, peita, hohore, para, kato, kiriūka, ngana, koromaki, kōwhaki, hautoa, muku, mukumuku, kōmuri, kōmeke, kōmekemeke, kōmiri, ūkui, ūkuikui, hūkui, kāuto, aumiri, hikahika, mirimiri, wakuwaku, waku, miri
2. (verb) (-a) to plunder, confiscate, take ritual compensation - an effective form of social control, restorative justice and redistribution of wealth among relatives. The process involved taking all the offending party's goods. The party that had the muru performed on them did not respond by seeking utu. The reasons for a muru included threats to the institution of marriage, accidents that threatened life (e.g. parents' negligence), trampling on tapu, and defeat in war. It could be instituted for intentional or unintentional offences. It only occurred among groups of people who were linked by whakapapa or marriage and linked neighbouring villages in a collective response in the delivery of punishment. The protocols and practices involved would be determined by various factors, including the mana of the victim or offender, the degree of the offence and the intent of the offending party. Before a muru was engaged, the matter of what would be taken would be discussed in detail, as would the size of the taua to perform the muru. Physical violence could occur but generally ended when blood was drawn. A muru sought to redress a transgression with the outcome of returning the affected party back to their original position in society.
Me he rangatira te tangata nōna te pane i morimoria nei, kātahi ka rangona tēnei kupu morimori e whakahuatia ana, mō te morimoringa hoki o te pane tapu o te rangatira nei. Ka tauatia hoki, ka murua ngā taonga, whenua, aha atu rānei, a te tangata nāna i morimori (JPS 1894:28). / If it was a chief whose head was touched, then this word 'morimori' would be used for the action of touching the sacred head of the chief. The person who touched it would be the subject of a hostile party and his goods, land or other property would be plundered.
I tētahi wāhi o Haina e panapana ana te iwi i ngā minita karakia, muru rawa ngā taonga o ngā whare (KO 15/1/1885:2). / In one part of China the people have driven out the church ministers and plundered the possessions of the houses.
Synonyms: hunuhunu, kōhunu, hone, pārure, whakarekereke, romi, marure, mūrei, pāhua, pāhuahua
3. (verb) (-a) to wipe out, forgive, absolve, excuse, pardon, cancel - a modern connotation.
Kei te rapu anō hoki rānei koe kia mātau mehemea kua oti ō hara te muru mō tō tohe tonu ki te inoi, kua hopu rānei koe, he tika kua murua ō hara nō te mea kua pēnā tā te Atua kupu? (THM 1/10/1889:5). / Are you seeking to know if your sins are forgiven because you keep on asking, or is it right that your sins have been forgiven because that is what the word of God says?
4. (verb) (-a) to pluck off (leaves, feathers, etc.).
Ka murua ngā rimurimu, me ngā kohukohu i tōna tinana, ka ora ia i reira (NM 1928:24). / The seaweed and moss were removed from his body and then he revived.
5. (modifier) plundering, looting - especially in seeking ritual compensation.
I a Mita e ngaro ana, ka māuiuitia tana mokopuna, ka mate ki Poihākena. Te hokinga mai, ka tauatia a Mita ki te taua muru i runga i te whakapae nā āna mahi i mate ai tana mokopuna (TTR 1994:126). / While Mita was away his grandson became ill and died in Sydney. On returning here Mita was the subject of a muru party, on the accusation that he had caused his grandchild's death.
6. (modifier) confiscated, plundered.
Kore rawa a Taurua i whakaae kia utua mai ia mō ngā whenua muru (TTR 1990:166). / Taurua never agreed to take any payment for the confiscated land.
7. (noun) confiscation.
I tupea e ia he pōrangi mau pū, i whakaanga atu ia ki ngā rōpū kaipetipeti, me te muru hoki i ngā waipiro takahi i te ture (TTR 1998:9). / He disarmed a deranged gunman, confronted groups of gamblers and confiscated moonshine liquor.
2. (modifier) repaying, paying, responding, avenging, replying.
I waiatatia ai e Matangi-hauroa te waiata nei ki a Te Whatanui e whai ana kia oho te iwi o Te Whatanui kia haere ki te rapu utu mō te parekura (M 2004:298). / This song was sung by Matangi-hauroa to Te Whatanui with the object of rousing Te Whatanui's people to go and seek revenge for the defeat.
Synonyms: whakautu
3. (noun) revenge, vengeance, retaliation, payback, retribution, cost, price, wage, fee, payment, salary, reciprocity - an important concept concerned with the maintenance of balance and harmony in relationships between individuals and groups and order within Māori society, whether through gift exchange or as a result of hostilities between groups. It is closely linked to mana and includes reciprocation of kind deeds as well as revenge. While particular actions required a response, it was not necessary to apply utu immediately. The general principles that underlie utu are the obligations that exist between individuals and groups. If social relations are disturbed, utu is a means of restoring balance. Gift exchange, a major component of utu, created reciprocal obligations on the parties involved and established permanent and personal relationships. Traditionally utu between individuals and groups tended to escalate. Just as feasts were likely to increase in grandeur as an exchange relationship developed over time, so could reciprocal acts of vengeance intensify. Utu was not necessarily applied to the author of the affront, but affected the whole group. Thus utu could be gained through a victory over a group where only the most tenuous of links connected the source of the affront with the target of the utu. Any deleterious external influence could weaken the psychological state of the individual or group, but utu could reassert control over the influences and restore self-esteem and social standing. Suicide could even reassert control by demonstrating that one had control over one's fate, and was a way of gaining utu against a spouse or relative where direct retaliation was not possible. Such indirect utu often featured within kin groups.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 48;)
He mea peita anō hoki e ia, ā he utu tika tāna utu i tono ai mō āna mahi (TW 28/8/1875:170). / They were also painted by him and the price he asked was right for his work.
See also utu ā-hāora
Synonyms: utu kaimahi, whakakaitoa, uto, rautupu, utu ā-tau, utunga, moni utu, paremata, homaitanga, hoatutanga, tauutuutu, ngakinga, whakarite, ngaki, rautipu
4. (noun) compensation, recompense, reparation.
Ka taea anō te whakarite tētahi utu mehemea kua pā tētahi tino mate ki ngā tāngata tika ki te whenua (RT 2013:99). / Compensation can be arranged if a serious problem has affected the people who have rights to the land.
Synonyms: whakaea, paremata, moni whakaea
wīwī
1. (noun) somewhere, distant scattered places, walkabout - used to indicate indefinite distant localities when linked with wāwā.
Kua riro rātou ki wīwī, ki wāwā. / They've gone walkabout.
Hei whakatepe noa i ēnei kōrero ko tā mātou takarure i ngā mihi ā mātou ake ki a koutou i haere mai nei i wīwī, i wāwā ki te kawe mai i ō koutou whakaaro ki tō tātou māpihi maurea (HM 2/1989:2). / To conclude this account is our reiteration of our own thanks to you all who came from scattered places to convey your ideas about our treasure.
wiwī
1. (noun) somewhere, walkabout - used to indicate indefinite distant localities when linked with wāwā.
See also wīwī
tūhana
1. (noun) river-crossing pole - a pole held breast high for linking people when crossing a river where the strongest people were positioned at each end of the pole, to prevent the smaller or weaker members of the party from being washed off their feet.
Ka mahia kā tūhana i reira, ka whiriwhiria kā tākata mārōrō mō ruka, mō raro o kā tūhana (MT 2011:61). / Poles for linking the people crossing the river were made there and the strongest men were selected for the upstream and downstream ends of the poles.
Synonyms: tūwhana
