2. (modifier) example, pilot, illustrative, exemplifying.
Engari kei pōhēhē koutou he hakorea noa iho te take i pēnei rawa ai te roa mai i te ōrokohanga o te kaupapa ki te tīmatatanga o ngā uiuinga whakatauira (HM 3/1993:2). / But you should not be mistaken into thinking that the reason it has taken so long from the inception of the project to the start of the pilot interviews is because of lethargy.
3. (noun) illustration, example, sample.
Ko tāna he whakatauira mai i te reo o Ngāti Kahungunu (HM 2/1994:3). / Her task was illustrating the Ngāti Kahungunu dialect.
tauira
1. (verb) (-tia) to pre-ordain, set aside, model.
2. (noun) student, pupil, apprentice, pattern, example, model, design, draft, sample, specimen, template, skilled person, cadet.
Kei te kōwhaiwhai, kei te tukutuku, kei te tāniko ngā tauira hangarite maha (PK 2008:74). / Rafter paintings, lattice-work and tāniko have many symmetrical patterns.
Synonyms: tauira mahi, whakatakoto, ākonga, tīpako, whakatauira
3. (noun) precedent.
Kāti, ko ngā mahi e mahia nei he mea whakahaere i runga i ngā tauira kua takoto noa mai i mua, me te whakaarotanga iho he tauira ko te mahi a Te Whiti rāua ko Tohu (TPH 8/6/1903:4). / Well, the tasks that were done were proceeded with according to the precedents that have been set out in the past, and with consideration of the precedents in the work of Te Whiti and Tohu.
mūrau
1. (noun) fame, awe, dread, byword, a person cited as a notable example - often used in the phrase te mūrau a te tini, te wenerau a te mano the dread of the multitude, the envy of thousands.
Haere rā, te mūrau a te tini, te wenerau a te mano; nō tēnei tau ka hua ngā hanihani ki runga ki a koe (TWMNT 13/3/1877:69). / Farewell, the dread of the multitude, the envy of thousands; this year there were many disparaging comments made against you.
taonga
1. (noun) property, goods, possession, effects, object.
I āhua kōrekoreko ngā kanohi o te Māori i te kitenga i ngā taonga whakamīharo a te Pākehā, mahue ana ngā taonga Māori, whiua ana ki tahaki (TTT 1/5/1923:4). / Māori eyes were a bit dazzled when they saw the marvelous equipment of the Pākehā, Māori tools were abandoned and tossed aside.
Synonyms: rirohanga, kame, utauta, āhuatanga, hautaonga, hanga, whakakāhore, ahanoa, takunetanga, whakatoitoi, mea, tarawene, tohe, tohetohe, rawa
2. (noun) treasure, anything prized - applied to anything considered to be of value including socially or culturally valuable objects, resources, phenomenon, ideas and techniques. Examples of the word's use in early texts show that this broad range of meanings is not recent, while a similar range of meanings from some other Eastern Polynesian languages support this (e.g. Tuamotuan). The first example sentence below was first published in a narrative in 1854 by Sir George Grey, but was probably written in 1849 or earlier.
E tū ana te haka, ko tō te tangata māori taonga nui tēnei mō te manuhiri (NM 1928:122). / Haka were performed as this was a great treasure of human beings for guests.
Kei ētahi whenua he taonga nui anō te puna wai (TKP 28/6/1858:3). / In some countries a spring of water is a highly valued treasure.
I ētahi wā ka whakatakotoria he mere, he patu pounamu, parāoa rānei ki runga i te tūpāpaku. Ki te pīrangi te iwi kia whakahokia mai aua taonga, ka huria ngā kakau ki te iwi. Ki te huria ngā kakau ki te tūpāpaku, ko te tohu me ngaro atu aua taonga ki tōna taha (RR 1974:21). / Sometimes a mere, or a greenstone or whalebone short weapon was laid down on the body of the deceased. If the people wanted those treasures to be returned, the handles were turned to the people, but if the handles were turned to the body that was a sign that those treasures should go with him/her.
aoinaake
1. (location) next day, the following day, tomorrow - this is an adverb of time and can be used following a verbal marker, usually ka, as in the first example below, or stand alone as in the second example.
Ka aoinaake, ka haere te hui (HM 2/2009:10). / Next day the conference began.
Aoinaake ka tae mai ngā pirihimana. / The next day the policemen arrived.
Synonyms: ao ake i te rā, aonga ake, auina ake, auināke, ao ake, auinaake, i te aonga ake, aoake
tīwaiwaka
1. (noun) fantail, Rhipidura fuliginosa. Personified in the following example.
Nā, kia mōhio tātou, ko ngā tīwaiwaka e tītakataka nei ka hura rā hoki ngā hukumaro ki runga, ka riro ko te upoko ki raro (TTT 1/10/1929:1086). / Now, we should know that fantails flit about opening their tail feathers up and with their head going down.
See also tīrairaka
Synonyms: tīrakaraka, tītīrairaka, tīraureka, pīrakaraka, pīrangirangi, pītakataka, wakawaka, tīrairaka pango, kōtiutiu, pīwaiwaka, tīwakawaka, tīrairaka, hīwaiwaka, hīrairaka, pīwakawaka, pīrairaka, tītakataka
2. (personal name) Fantail – personified example.
Ko ngā mea i kite ai au ko Kōkako, e kō mai aua i runga i ngā taukahiwi, ko Tīwaiwaka, e tītakataka ana i mua i taku aroaro (JPS 1913:115). / What I saw were Kōkako singing on the ridges and Tīwaiwaka flitting about in front me.
ipukarea
1. (noun) ancestral home, homeland, native land, inherited land - significant water or geographical feature of a tribe's homeland relating to the tribe's identity and the source of their livelihood. Describes a body of water within a vessel, a place that represents the history and emotional attachment of the tribe, a place central to the identity of the people where they can go to be rejuvenated, a place that represents the hopes and aspirations of the people, the lifegiving waters from which they drink. It is also the place associated with significant battles of the tribe and where the bones of their ancestors lie. As an example, Lake Waikaremoana is the ipukarea of Ngāi Tūhoe.
Ka whakahokahokai anō au kia topa iho i te ipukarea a Kahumatamomoe ki te riu o te waka Te Arawa (Wh4 2004:201). / I stretch out to soar down the ancestral homeland of Kahumatamomoe to the bilge of the Te Arawa canoe.
See also Ipukarea, Te
kākahi
1. (noun) freshwater mussel, Hyridella menziesi - a bivalve mollusc which lives in fine mud or sand in freshwater lakes, ponds, streams and rivers. Has a dark, olive-brown coated shell and the inside is grayish-white.
Tōna maunga ko Ngongotahā, te moana ko Rotorua, ngā ika o roto he kōura, he kākahi, he īnanga (H 1992:50). / His mountain is Ngongotahā, the lake is Rotorua and the fish in it are crayfish, freshwater mussels and whitebait.
2. (noun) whale, orca, killer whale, Orcinus orca - a large, black-and-white dolphin with a tall, vertical, sharply triangular dorsal fin in the male and shorter, slightly hooked fin in the female. Because of the orca's sophisticated hunting techniques and intelligence, chiefs were sometimes likened to kākahi, as in the second example below.
Ko te kākahi i te waiata nei mō te tohorā (M 2004:232). / The term 'kākahi' in this song refers to the whale.
Te kākahi whakairoiro o te moana (W 1971:80). / The mottled orca of the sea.
See also maki
3. (noun) mist, haze.
Ki a Te Ātiawa ko te kākahi, ko te kōrehurehu i runga i te moana āio; hei te rangi ātaahua ka āhua auahi mai i runga o te moana (M 2004:232). / To Te Ātiawa the 'kākahi' is the haze on the calm sea which is seen on fine days and looks a little like smoke on the sea.
Synonyms: kōnenehu, haumāringiringi, tuarehu, waikohu, tūkōrehu, pūnehu, kōnehunehu, pūnehunehu, pūkohu, pūnenehu, kōnenehu, tārehu, tuarehu, waikohu, pūrehu, kohu, rehu, haumaringi, au, tākohu
tunuhuruhuru
1. (verb) (-tia) to do violence, ill-treat, offend, injure, mistreat, abuse, brutalize, handle roughly, maltreat, rough up - probably should be written as two words, i.e. tunu huruhuru, as evidenced in the second example sentence.
Nā ngā Hūrai i tīmata te whawhai, he tunuhuruhuru hoki nā tō rātou kāwana (TH 1/7/1859:3). / It was the Jews who began the fighting because of the mistreatment by the governor.
He kaiwhakaako kura te wahine rā me te tangata i tunua huruhurutia rā (KO 15/4/1884:7). / That woman was a school teacher as was the man who was attacked.
Synonyms: muhani, muheni, hara, whakakino, whakamanioro, takahanga, takahi, tūkino, maukino, takakino, whakakinokino, kangakanga, whakamania, pārure, hunuhunu, marure, rurerure
wāhi kē
1. (location) somewhere else, elsewhere, another place, a different place - often used like a location word and follows ki, i, kei and hei directly as in this first example.
Kua hītengitengi te whare ki runga i ngā poro rākau - taihoa ka tōia ki wāhi kē (PK 1008:117). / The house has been raised up on logs - soon it will be hauled somewhere else.
Kāore i roa i muri mai, kua nekehia au ki tētahi wāhi kē, kua tītakataka mō te hoki ki te kāinga, ki Nūhaka (HP 1991:221). / Not long after that I was transfered to another place in preparation for the return home to Nūhaka.
ongaonga
1. (verb) to be appalled, disgusted, horrified, displeased, jarring - sometimes used in conjunction with kiri as in the following example.
Ka rongo te Pākehā i taua mahi kino, ka ongaonga te kiri i te nui o te kino o taua atua (TWM 6/5/1865:2). / When the Pākehā heard about that terrible deed they were appalled at the evilness of that god.
2. (noun) repulsion, distaste, abhorrence, antipathy, aversion, disgust, dislike, revulsion, repugnance.
Nā runga i tōna kaha ongaonga ka whakatikaia katoatia e Mākereti ēnei kaupapa whakaaro kūare a ngā kairangahau matakawa Pākehā (TTR 1996:124). / Because she was so disgusted, Mākereti rectified these ignorant assumptions of the distasteful Pākehā researchers.
Synonyms: whakarikarika, wetiweti, whakarihariha, konekone, whakahouhou, whakaanuanu, whakapairuaki
3. (noun) tree nettle, Urtica ferox - a shrub with pale stinging hairs on its leaves and stem. The pale green leaves narrow to a point at the tip and have coarsely serrated margins. Found throughout the North Island and on the West Coast of the South Island.
I te tau 1961 ka mate tētahi tangata hīkoi i te werohanga i te ongaonga (Te Ara 2011). / In 1961 a tramper died after pushing through a stinging nettle bush.
4. (noun) dwarf bush nettle, Urtica incisa - a delicate nettle usually about 45 cm high, sparsely armed with stinging hairs along the stems and leaves. Leaves are deeply toothed. Found along forest margins and in shaded open places throughout Aotearoa/New Zealand.
5. (noun) southern nettle, Urtica australis - stout semi-deciduous shrub forming dense bushes up to 1 x 1 m. Endemic to the south western Fiordland coast, Stewart, Chatham and other main subantarctic islands. Abundant in coastal scrub and forest, favouring open ground, such as forest margins, open ground amongst scrub and grasses, and also cobble beaches and sand dunes.
taura here
1. (noun) binding ropes, urban kinship group, domestic migrants, kinship link - a term sometimes used for tribal members in the city who join taura here groups to help to retain their identity and links back to their tribal homelands. These link back to iwi organisations and often taura here representatives have a place on iwi boards. For example, Te Runanga nui o Ngāti Kahungunu ki te Upoko o Te Ika is the Wellington taura here group for Ngāti Kahungunu. There are two taura here groups in Auckland for Ngā Puhi – Te Taura Here ki Manurewa (South Auckland) and Te Taura Here o Ngāpuhi ki Waitākere (North and West Auckland).
Nō te tau 1925 i whakatūria a ia hai kaikaunihera whakahaere mō te Kotahitanga o ngā Tāngata Mahi o Niu Tīreni mō te rohe o Tūranga, ka noho nei ia hai tino taura here mō te uniana nei me ngā Māori o te taiwhanga o Tūranganui-a-Kiwa (TTR 2000:121). / In 1925 he was appointed as the New Zealand Workers’ Union’s executive councillor for the Gisborne district, and he became a key link between the union and Māori of Poverty Bay.
2. (noun) leash.
auahitūroa
1. (personal name) Comet - sometimes personified as in the example.
Ko tō ētahi Māori whakaaro tērā pea a Rotorua e mate anō hei ngā rā o te hui, ina hoki i mua atu o te pakarutanga o Tarawera ka kitea a Auahitūroa (HKW 1/6/1901:11). / In the opinion of some Māori, Rotorua might be devastated again in the days of the gathering because before the Tarawera eruption a comet was seen.
2. (noun) comet - sometimes written as auahi-tūroa or auahi tūroa.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 171;)
Ko ētahi o ngā ingoa mō te auahitūroa, he auahiroa, he upoko-roa (Te Ara 2015). / Some other names for the comet are 'auahiroa' and 'upoko-roa'.
See also auahiroa
2. (verb) to strike, crash into, bump into.
Kīhai i mutu tana kōrero ka paoro tō rātou poti. I te pōuri, kīhai rātou i kite i paoro ki te aha (TWK 15:29). / He hadn't finished talking when their boat crashed. Because of the dark they couldn't see what they had struck.
3. (noun) echo.
Mau ana te paoro ki runga o Maunga-a-Kāhia (JPS 1901:203). / The echo was heard on Maunga-a-Kāhia.
4. (noun) drugg - wooden blocks used when the whale had been harpooned. These created drag for the whales designed to slow them down and thus tire them out. This is the likely meaning in this example.
Kotahi anō rerenga o ngā haeana a ngā autaia rā, te wiriwiri haere atu anō i te takiwā, tū atu ana ki te ika rā, tētahi ki mauī, tētahi ki katau, anana! Nā te paoro i pupuri, me he kurī kautete (TWMNT 18/9/1877:196). / Just one toss of the harpoons of those fellows and they quivered in the air, sticking into that marine mammal, one to the left and the other to the right, and low and behold, the drugg held like the piece of wood used in tying up a dog to prevent it from gnawing the rope.
pakara
1. (verb) to smack the lips (food appreciation).
He kai nā te tangata kē, he tītongi korokoro. Tēnā ko te tangata e kai ana i tāna ake kai, reka ana, pakara ana, pai ana, mākona ana (TKO 12/4/1918:6). / Food provided by another person merely tickles the palate. But a person eating his own food, that is tasty, making one smack one's lips, it is nice and it satisfies. (A whakataukī noting the satisfaction of producing one's own food.)
2. (noun) titillation.
Ka kotahi rau nei ngā tau mai i reira ki nāianei, mutu ai te pakara o te korokoro ki te kiko tangata (TTT 1/2/1930:1973). / It is one hundred years now since the time when the titillation of the palate with human flesh ended.
3. (noun) kōkako, Callaeas cinerea - a large, dark bluish-grey, rare forest bird of limited flight with a black facial mask, blue wattles (North Island), a short strongly arched bill, long black legs and a long tail. The South Island has orange wattles but is thought to be extinct. Personified in the following example.
[nāu tāu] mahi
1. you're the one, you're good alright, you're too much, you're awesome - an idiom in which nāu tāu may be replaced as in the examples below.
Nāu tāu mahi, e hine. Kāore i tua atu i a koe (HJ 2012:27). / You're good alright, girl. There's nobody better than you.
Rangi: Me whakawhiwhi noa te tūranga ki a ia, me pānui rānei ki ngā nūpepa? Pare: E! Nāna tāna mahi - hei aha i tiro ai ki wāhi kē! (HKK 1999:26). / Rangi: Should we just give her the position, or should it be advertised in the newspaper? Pare: Of course! She's the best - there's no point in looking elsewhere!
He mahi uaua ki te nuinga, engari he māmā noa iho ki tērā tokorua. Nā rāua tonu tā rāua mahi (HJ 2012:27). / It's a difficult task for most, but quite easy for that pair. They're the best.
Tupuānuku
1. (personal noun) Pleione - one of the stars in Te Kāhui o Matariki, the Pleiades star cluster. A star associated with food that is grown in the ground, for example, kūmara.
E hono ana a Tupuānuku ki ngā kai e tipu ana i te whenua (Matariki 2017:27). / Tupuānuku is connected to the food grown in the ground.
2. (noun) .
3. (noun) .
