2. (noun) outsider, foreigner - this is also a term used for people who are not related to the hapū or whānau members, including those who have married into the kinship group and do not have whakapapa links. Rāwaho were people who were excluded from decision-making processes by whānau or hapū because they had no whakapapa or land interests. Nowadays it would be difficult to be exclusive and to disenfranchise a blood relation of up to three degrees, living away from the tribal home, of entitlements to land and family decision-making processes. People in this situation would still be regarded as rāwaho, but would be able to become ahi kā and have decision-making power by returning to live in the tribal area and by participating in the hapū activities for a significant period.
Kāore hoki he rāwaho i whakaaetia kia uru mai ki tēnei huihuinga (TTT 1/12/1925:334). / And outsiders were not permitted to participate in that meeting.
Synonyms: tauiwi, tarutawhiti
waho
1. (location) the outside, out - used to refer to the space physically outside another defined space, e.g. a house, box, etc. A location word, or locative, which follows immediately after particles such as ki, i, hei and kei or is preceded by a when used as the subject of the sentence.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 15-16, 29;)
Ka rongo taku māmā i te karanga a Kahu, tere tonu tana puta mai ki waho o tō mātau whare. / When my mother heard Kahu's call, she rushed out of the house.
Synonyms: whakawaho
2. (location) the open sea (away from land), offshore.
Ao ake, kua kitea atu kua tae mai te tima ki Tūranga, e tū mai ana i waho o te ākau o te moana. / Next day it was seen that the ship had arrived and was anchored offshore.
Synonyms: waho atu, moana waiwai, tahora, au o te moana, aumoana, moana tuauriuri
3. (location) the coast (as opposed to inland).
Nō uta ētahi, nō waho ētahi. / Some are from inland and some from the coast.
tarutawhiti
1. (noun) introduced illness, influenza, pneumonia, consumption, tuberculosis - sometimes written as two words, i.e. taru tawhiti.
E māuiui ana a Te Huruhuru i te tarutawhiti (TTR 1990:200). / Te Huruhuru was sick with tuberculosis.
See also taru tawhiti
Synonyms: niumōnia, mate niumōnia, pūkahu kakā
2. (noun) thing from abroad, foreigner, outsider, alien.
Kāore kē tēnei tarutawhiti e mōhio nō tōku momo kē tēnei rohe (TTTT 2006:92). / Doesn't this foreigner know that this area belongs to my sort.
tauiwi
1. (personal noun) foreigner, European, non-Māori, colonist.
Kua puta hoki te kōrero ka orotātia te iwi Māori e Tauiwi, ka riro ō rātou whenua (TTR 1990:101). / Stories had emerged that the Europeans would exterminate the Māori people, and take their lands.
Ahakoa ki tāna anō kī, he tangata rata a Taiaroa ki te Pākehā, engari e noho āhua hihira ana ia ki te haere mai o Tauiwi ki konei noho ai (TTR 1990:136). / Despite saying that he liked the Pākehā, Taiaroa remained guarded about foreigners coming here to settle.
2. (noun) person coming from afar.
Ko te whare o Turi i ū ai ki uta, i hui katoa ngā tauiwi nei ki roto (M 2006:270). / 'Twas the abode of Turi when he came ashore,and all these people from afar entered therein (M 2006:271).
3. (noun) Gentile, heathen - Māori Bible translations for someone who was not a Jew.
Ko tātou, ko ngā Hūrai tupu nei, ehara nei i te hunga hara nō ngā tauiwi (PT Karatia 2:15). / We who are Jews by nature, and not sinners of the Gentiles.
4. (noun) outsider.
Ki te karangatanga Rātana, ko te hunga katoa i waho o te Hāhi Rātana he tauiwi ērā, Pākehā mai, Māori atu (TTT 1/10/1929:1085). / According to Rātana adherents, all the people outside the Rātana Church are outsiders, both Pākehā and Māori.
Synonyms: tarutawhiti, rāwaho
5. (noun) alien, stranger, foreigner, non-Māori.
Ko te kupu 'utu' tētahi atu, engari ehara ko te 'revenge' noa iho tōna tikanga e ai ki te pōhēhē o ngā tauiwi e whakamahi ana i te kupu (New Zealand Herald 21/7/2014). / The word 'utu' is another, but it does not simply mean 'revenge' as non-Māori people using the word mistakenly suppose.
2. (noun) epidermis, outer skin, skin cuticle, outer cellular layer of the skin, outer cellular layer of a cell.
He mea hanga te kiritai o te pūtau tipu ki te pūtauhuka (RP 2009:361). / The epidermis of a plant cell is made of cellulose.
Synonyms: kiri tai
3. (noun) top coat (painting).
Ko tā te kiritai, he whakapūahoaho i ngā tae o te peita (RTA 2014:103). / The purpose of the topcoat is to make the colours of the paint clearer.
2. (noun) dry river bed.
2. (modifier) fornicating.
Ka pā mai pea te mahi whakaito ki a koe mehemea ka whakaaturia ētahi pikitia kaikaiātara ki a koe i te wāhi mahi. / Sexual harassment might affect you if pictures of sexual intercourse are shown to you in the work place.
3. (noun) fornication, sexual intercourse outside marriage.
2. (modifier) outward, peripheral to, external to, on the outskirts, on the outside, outwardly.
He tauranga mōwaho (W 1971:212). / An anchorage in the open sea (W 1971:212).
3. (noun) outlier (maths).
Mehemea ka noho tētahi raraunga ki waho kē atu o te wāhi e noho ana te nuinga, ka kīia he mōwaho tērā (TRP 2010:179). / If a piece of data sits outside the place where most of the data is located, it is said to be an outlier (TRP 2010:179).
taru tawhiti
1. (modifier) influenza - sometimes written as one word, i.e. tarutawhiti.
I te pānga o te urutā taru tawhiti i 1918 ka whakahōhiperatia a Tūtāmure (TTR 1994:6). / When the influenza epidemic of 1918 struck the Tūtāmure meeting house was turned into a hospital.
See also tarutawhiti
2. (noun) thing from abroad, thing from outside.
Ehara i te mea ka tahia katoatia ki te taha ngā tikanga whakahaere kua roa kē e whāia ana, ka uru mai rānei he taru tawhiti hei whakakōpekapeka i ngā mahi (HM 4/1994:8). / It's not as if all the long-standing undertakings will be swept aside, or outside influences will hinder the activities.
3. (noun) influenza.
I te tau 1918 ka mate haere te kaha o te nanakia mate nei, o te tau tawhiti, i Aotearoa nei, ka ngaro te momo o te tangata ki te pō, Māori tonu, Pākehā hoki. / In 1918 this cruel disease, influenza, spread in New Zealand, and people died, Māori as well as Pākehā.
2. (adjective) be inflamed (of the eyes).
He toretore kei te pī o te karu (PK 2008:630). / There's inflammation at the corner of the eye.
3. (modifier) inflamed.
Paupau ana ēnei moni i te waipiro i ngā rā i a Wiapo i reira. Ngā whakautu mō ērā moni, he waha piro, he ānini, he tangi, he tūhauwiri, he ngau poho, he poho tīangoango, he kākahu tāreparepa, he karu toretore, he arero hōripi, he ihu parehe, he ngutu pupuhi, he haere wharara, he tupu heke, me te tini atu o tā te waipiro whakautu mō te moni a te tangata e rukea noatia ana mō tērā kaiwhakahātana (KO 15/12/1884:3). / While Wiapo was there, this money was wasted on liquor. The results of that money was bad breath, dizziness, despondency, shivering, chest pains, contraction of the chest, loose clothing, eye inflammation, lacerated tongues, flat noses, swollen lips, walking with a stoop, social decline and many other effects of alcohol from the money cast about for those temptations.
4. (noun) sleep - discharge from the eyes.
Āta karohia ake te toretore i ō karu, e hoa (HJ 2012:266). / Remove the sleep from your eyes properly, my friend.
5. (noun) anus.
6. (noun) carping, faultfinding, nitpicking.
Ko ngā uaua o te hunga ngoikore ko te amuamu, ko te toretore (Milroy 2016). / Grumbling and carping are the muscles of the weak (Milroy 2016).
8. (noun) horse mussel, Atrina pectinata zelandica - a large bivalve common from low tide to 45 m with a thin, dark, wedge-shaped shell. The shell is thin, covered with hollow spines.
See also hururoa
9. (noun) red sea anemone, Actinia tenebrosa - the most common species of sea anemone found in the waters of eastern Australia and Aotearoa/New Zealand. Found relatively high on the seashore, in rock pools, and various cracks and shaded surfaces in the intertidal zone. Deep red or reddish-brown colour and when expanded has a circle of numerous pink tentacles.
See also kōtoretore
Synonyms: kōtoretore, kōtore moana, tou, kōtore
tōtara
1. (noun) tōtara, Podocarpus totara, Podocarpus cunninghamii - large forest trees with prickly, olive-green leaves not in two rows. Found throughout Aotearoa/New Zealand. Trees are either male or female with the female producing bright red fruit. Popular timber for carving. The reddish-brown bark peels in long strips and is used for the outside covering of pōhā.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 14-16;)
He tōtara ngā rākau o tō mātau whare nō Tutaemātuatua ngāherehere koia nei anake hoki te ngāherehere tōtara e tipu ana i tō mātau takiwā i tērā wā (HP 1991:12). / The timber of our house was tōtara from Tutaemātuatua forest and that was the only tōtara forest growing in our district at that time.
2. (noun) sea-tree, antipatharian coral, Aphanipathes sp. - looks like a gnarled shrub. Attaches to the sea-bottom and grows to about 1.5-2 m high with branches. The polyps are minute and arranged on feather-like portions. Found at 75-180 m deep on a rocky base.
tuangi
1. (noun) tuangi, New Zealand cockle, Austrovenus stutchburyi - a common round and plump bivalve mollusc with a ribbed shell found buried just beneath the surface on tidal mudflats and sand-flats. The shell is light grey in colour on the outside.
He nui tonu ngā painga o Maketū, arā he tata ki te moana, ki ngā pipi, ki te tuangi, ki te pāua me te ika (TTT 1/6/1924:60). / There are many benefits of Maketū, namely it's near the sea and to pipi, cockles, pāua and fish.
hūmenga
1. (noun) wandering sea anemone, Phlyctenactis turberculosa - not permanently fixed to a base, the surface is studded with bladder-like projections and it has numerous short tentacles encircling the open end. Amber-grey or light brown on the outside with yellowish tentacles.
Hopukina ai e ngā humenga ngā ika nohinohi me ētahi atu kararehe pakupaku, mā ō rātou kawekawe tini (TWK 36:10). / Small fish and some other small creatures are caught by the wandering sea anemones with their multitude of tentacles.
tihi
1. (verb) to lie in a heap, piled up.
Tekau ngā taro e tihi ana i tōna aroaro (NM 1928:40). / There were ten taro piled up in front of her.
Synonyms: kōputu, whakatahua, tāwhetawheta, tāwheta, kāike, pūhangaiti, kāika, putu, whakaputu, pūkei, pūranga, haupū, pū, pūkai, kāuki, haipū, pīhangaiti
2. (noun) summit, top, peak, point, apex, maximum.
Ko ngā tāngata e noho ana i te take o taua maunga pakapaka ana i te wera o te rā, ko te tihi o te maunga e hūhia ana e te huka (TTT 1/10/1927:664). / The people living at the foot of that mountain are baked by the heat of the sun, while the summit of the mountain is covered in snow.
Synonyms: mōrahi, tongi, hiku, kūmore, raenga, akitu, paina, ngahu, tāmore, keokeo, matatihi, keo, tautara, tara, keokeonga, maunga, keho, tāpuhipuhi, karamata, koi, koinga, toi, toitoi, mata, matū, matamata
3. (noun) topknot (of hair).
4. (noun) green top shell, Trochus viridis - a univalve mollusc that lives on brown seaweed near low tide on rocky shores. The outside of the top-shaped shell is greenish grey to dull purple, the inside iridescent and the base almost flat.
See also tihipu
torewai
1. (noun) blue mussel, Mytilus edulis - a bivalve mollusc found attached to rocks between tides. It has a dark bluish-black shell on the outside.
See also toretore
Synonyms: pōrohe, toretore, takarepo, tūroro, kahitua, awatai, harihari, hinangi, hoehoe, kāeo, pūpū rore, pāua, tātara, whētiko, kararuri, karekawa, koeti, koriakai, kororiwha, marapeka, mātangata, kōramu, tōrire, tākupu, rereho, takarape, tungangi, wahawaha, karahū, pure, pipi tairaki, kūkukuroa, pūkanikani, poua, toitoi, toheroa, tuangi haruru, miware, ngārahu tatawa, ataata, pūpū kōrama, tihi, tio repe, totoro, tuatua, ngaingai, rūharu, ngaere, kukupara, kuku-mau-toka, matangongore, maurea, tītiko, papatua, waharoa, wahanui, pipi, ngākihi hiwihiwi, papatai, pūrimu, pātiotio, pūkauri, pūpū māeneene, pūpū tuatea, pūpū waharoa, pūtātara, purewha, hūai, ruheruhe, matangārahu, mimiti, ngāruru, papatua, karoro, ururoa, ngāeo, tūteure, ngākihi kopia, hahari, hohehohe, pātitotito, peraro, pūpū karikawa, pūpū māeneene, tio para, totoro, tupa, kākahi, tūpere, ngākihi hahae, ngākihi awaawa, ngākihi tea, matangārahu, karehu, ngaeti, karoro, wahanui, pipi, ngākihi hiwihiwi, hahari, kōmore, peraro, pūpū harakeke, pūpū māeneene, pūpū tuatea, pūpū waitai, pūtātara, purewha, pūrimu, ruheruhe, takai, tūroro, kahitua, awatai, harihari, hinangi, hopetea, whāngai karoro, pūpū rore, pāua, tātara, pūpū tuatea, pūpū waitai, pūtātara, purewha, pūrimu, ruheruhe, takarepo, tākai, piritoka, angarite, hauwai, hihiwa, hoehoe, kāeo, pīpipi, pūpū taratara, poro, pūpū tarataratea, karariwha, kawari, koio, korohiwa, kūpā, matamatangongo, matatangata, matapura, kurewha, rehoreho, taiwhatiwhati, tanetane, uere, wētiwha, tohemanga, ngūpara, kūkuku, kukupati, papahurihuri, rerekākara, tikoaka, tuangi, kaitua, mitimiti, ngārahu taua, kaitangata, pūpū atamarama, karahiwa, karekawa, koeo, kōrama, korona, kūpā, matamatangongo, matatangata, matapura, hānea, pipi taiari, rereho, takarape, tāwiri, uere, whētikotiko, tohemanga, tairaki, kuharu, kūkukuroa, pūkanikani, hākari, rerekākara, tio, toheroa, tuangi haruru, kākara, pūpū, peke, pūpū kōrama, tihipu, tio para, tipa, totorere, tuatua, ngākihi, taiawa, kuhakuha, ngākihi hahae, ngākihi awaawa, niania
tungangi
1. (noun) tuangi, New Zealand cockle, Austrovenus stutchburyi - a common round and plump bivalve mollusc with a ribbed shell found buried just beneath the surface on tidal mudflats and sand-flats. The shell is light grey in colour on the outside.
See also tuangi
Synonyms: tanetane, tuangi, hūai, hinangi, huangi, kūpā, mātangata, matapura, kurewha, taiwhatiwhati, tāwiri, wahawaha, whētikotiko, tohemanga, ngūpara, kuharu, kūkukuroa, pūkanikani, hākari, rerekākara, tio, tuangi haruru, kākara, mitimiti, ngārahu tatawa, ngārahu taua, ataata, pūpū atamarama, tio para, totoro, tupa, ngaingai, taiawa, tūpere, ngaere, kukupara, ngākihi tea, matangārahu, karehu, ngāruru, papatua, ururoa, pipi, ngākihi hiwihiwi, papatai, hohehohe, pātitotito, peraro, pūpū harakeke, pūpū waharoa, purewha, ruheruhe, tākai, pōrohe, awatai, hihiwa, kāeo, pūpū rore, pāua, pipi taiari, tātara, kararuri, koeo, koriakai, korohiwa, karekawa, koeti, kōrama, korona, kororiwha, marapeka, matatangata, tōrire, kurewha, pipi taiari, rereho, takarape, torewai, wētiwha, karahū, tairaki, pipi tairaki, kūkuku, kukupati, papahurihuri, poua, rerekākara, tio, toheroa, kaitua, miware, pūpū, ngārahu tatawa, ngārahu taua, peke, pūpū kōrama, tihi, tipa, tuatua, ngākihi, kākahi, rūharu, kuhakuha, ngākihi hahae, ngākihi awaawa, niania, maurea, karehu, ngāruru, waharoa, ngāeo, tūteure, ngākihi kopia, hahari, kōmore, pātiotio, pūkauri, pūpū māeneene, pūpū waitai, purewha, pūrimu, takarepo, tūroro, kahitua, hauwai, hoehoe, whāngai karoro, pūpū rore, pāua, tātara, whētiko, papatua, karahiwa, karariwha, kawari, koio, korohiwa, kororiwha, matamatangongo, kōramu, hānea, tākupu, rehoreho, takarape, uere, wētiwha, karahū, pure, pipi tairaki, kūkuku, kukupati, papahurihuri, poua, toitoi, tikoaka, tuangi haruru, kākara, mitimiti, ngārahu tatawa, ngārahu taua, kaitangata, tihipu, tio repe, totorere, toretore, kākahi, rūharu, ngaere, kukupara, kuku-mau-toka, matangongore, mimiti, tītiko, ngaeti, karoro, wahanui, pipi, ngākihi hiwihiwi, papatai, hohehohe, pātitotito, peraro, pūpū karikawa, pūpū tuatea, pūtātara, pūrimu, takai, piritoka, angarite, harihari, hopetea, pīpipi, pūpū taratara, poro, pūpū tarataratea, karariwha
