whāngai
1. (verb) (-a,-hia,-nga,-tia) to feed, nourish, bring up, foster, adopt, raise, nurture, rear.
Kaua hei whāngaia te pēpi ki te pātara (TTT 1/10/1927:699). / Don't feed the baby with a bottle.
Synonyms: hikutira, hikumaro, kōkai, taute, poipoi, ahu, whaipainga, whai painga, whakawairākau, riaki, whakatū, whakaara, whakaikeike, whakarawe, whakatipu, whakatāiri, whakaaranga, kōranga, hāpai, hī, huataki, rangahua, huaranga, araara, whakatiputipu, whakakaurera, riariaki, whakatairangaranga, hiki, mairanga, whakapakeke, whakatupu
2. (modifier) fostered, adoptive, foster.
Ka mate te matua whāngai, e riro rānei te whenua o te tūpāpaku i te tamaiti whāngai?...Ko te tikanga Māori mō te tamaiti whāngai, ka hoki anō ki roto i ngā pānga o ōna mātua ake, i runga anō i te take huihui, i heke mai i roto i te tino take ki te whenua, kāore hoki te whāngai e tangohia i waho o ngā whakapapa me te toto (TPH 30/8/1902:2). / When the foster parent dies, is the land of the deceased inherited by the foster child?...In Māori custom an adopted child would fall back on the rights to the land shares of his/her birth parents which would occur in gatherings where the inheritance of land was passed on, and the foster child would not have rights outside genealogical and blood ties. (Statements by Īhāia Hūtana of Ngāti Kahungunu.)
See also matua whāngai, mātua whāngai, tamaiti whāngai, whaea whāngai, tamariki whāngai
3. (noun) foster child, adopted child - this is a customary practice. Often a couple's first child was brought up by grandparents or adopted by one of the brothers or sisters of a parent, but almost always the foster child was a blood relation, usually a close relation. This practice continues today, but inheritance of land and property is not clear-cut. Sometimes the foster child would be entitled to inherit the foster father's property, especially if a child was adopted at birth and remained with the foster parents through to adulthood and looked after the adopted parent(s) in their old age. In this case the foster child would share the interests with any natural children. The rights of a foster child might be modified if an ōhākī (bequest) by the foster father had been made. Foster children always knew who their natural parents were.
Nō te whānautanga o Te Ataihaea, he kōtiro, kua hiahia tō mātau māmā kia riro mai i a ia hai whāngai māna (HP 1991:19). / When Te Ataihaea, a girl, was born our mother wanted to adopt her as a foster child.
tohi
1. (verb) (-a) to cut, divide, distribute, separate, endue.
Tohia ā tātou purapura kia ranea ai (W 1971:430). / Divide our tubers so that there are plenty.
Synonyms: nahenahe, kōwaewae, kōwae, tokorau, māhiti, roherohe, tauwehe, tauārai, toritori, momotu, motu, motuhake, wae, wehewehe, wehe, whakatāuke, whakawehewehe, tiriwā, īheuheu, tīwae, tūhāhā, heu, ihi, tuakoi, wawae, whakawehe, kōwai, whakapirara, tāuke, tāwae, tāwaewae, totohi, tūtahi
2. (verb) (-a) to perform a ritual ceremony over a child in flowing water while petitioning the atua to endow the child with the desired mental and physical qualities. The child was dedicated to the particular atua by immersion in the water or by sprinkling it with water from a branch dipped in the stream.
Ka whānau a Tūhuruhuru, tamaiti a Tinirau, ka tonoa a Kae i Tihi-o-Manono kia haere mai hei tohi i a Tūhuruhuru (JPS 1928:269). / When Tūhuruhuru, the child of Tinirau, was born, Kae was asked to come from Tihi-o-Manono to perform the baptismal rite over Tūhuruhuru.
3. (verb) (-a) to perform ceremonies success in battle.
Ka heke atu rāua ki te wairere, ka tohia e Te Aotaki a Tū-whakairi-ora (JPS 1911:20). / They descended together to the running stream, and Te Aotaki performed the tohi rite over Tū-whakairi-ora.
4. (verb) (-a) to boil with hot stones.
5. (noun) dedication rite, baptism rite, child dedication ritual - a ritual ceremony over a child in flowing water while petitioning the atua to endow the child with the desired mental and physical qualities. The child was dedicated to the particular atua by immersion in the water or by sprinkling it with water from a branch dipped in the stream.
Nā Te Toiroa tonu i tūā, ka tohia ki te tohi a Tūmatauenga, te atua o te riri, o te tangata hoki (TTR 1990:216). / Te Toiroa performed the naming ceremony over him, dedicating him to Tūmatauenga, atua of war and of humankind.
6. (noun) vessel in which cooking was done by placing heated stones in the water.
tamaiti taurima
1. (noun) adopted child, foster child.
Waimarie i pahika ia, engari ko tana wahine ko Te Uamairangi, me tā rāua tamaiti taurima, ko Te Kakapi, i mau hereheretia (TTR 1990:330). / He was lucky and escaped, but his wife, Te Uamairangi, and their adopted child, Te Kakapi, were captured.
See also taurima
2. (noun) single child, only child.
E toru ā rāua tamariki, ko ngā māhanga, ā, ko te tautahi te pōtiki (PK 2008:896). / They have three children, the twins and the single child is the youngest.
Synonyms: huatahi
3. (noun) annual.
Ka ora ētahi tipu mō te tau kotahi anake, pērā i te nuinga o ngā hua whenua. Ka kīia ēnei tipu he tautahi (RP 2009:402). / Some plants live for only one year, such as the majority of vegetables. These are said to be annuals.
2. (modifier) youngest child, youngest child but one.
I te matenga atu o Rātana i taua tau anō, i moea ake e Iriaka a Matiu Tahupōtiki Wiremu Rātana, tētehi o ngā tama tāmanga a te Māngai rāua ko Te Urumanaao (TTR 2000:174). / After Ratana’s death that year, Iriaka married Matiu Tahupōtiki Wiremu Rātana, a younger son of the Māngai and Te Urumanaao.
3. (noun) childhood.
Mai i tōna tāmanga i waitohua ia e ōna tīpuna hei kaiārahi mā rātou me tā rātou tohutohu i a ia, ahakoa tana whiwhi i te mātauranga Pākehā, me āta whakaako anō ia ki ngā tikanga Māori me te whakapapa (TTR 2000:68). / From childhood he was marked by his elders as a leader and was told that, as well as receiving a Pākehā education, he had to be trained in Māori customs and whakapapa.
tamaiti whāngai
1. (noun) foster child, adopted child.
Ka mate te matua whāngai, e riro rānei te whenua o te tūpāpaku i te tamaiti whāngai?...Ko te tikanga Māori mō te tamaiti whāngai, ka hoki anō ki roto i ngā pānga o ōna mātua ake, i runga anō i te take huihui, i heke mai i roto i te tino take ki te whenua, kāore hoki te whāngai e tangohia i waho o ngā whakapapa me te toto (TPH 30/8/1902:2). / When the foster parent dies, is the land of the deceased inherited by the foster child?...In Māori custom an adopted child would fall back on the rights to the land shares of his/her birth parents which would occur in gatherings where the inheritance of land was passed on, and the foster child would not have rights outside genealogical and blood ties. (Statements by Īhāia Hūtana of Ngāti Kahungunu.)
See also whāngai, matua whāngai, tamariki whāngai
mātāmua
1. (modifier) first, elder.
Te naomanga atu o te tama mātāmua ki te paihere rākau, whakauaua noa, ko tōna tangata mārōrō taua korokē, whakauaua noa, tē whati (TMT 15/4/1861:14). / The eldest son grabbed the bundle of sticks and tried strenuously again and again - that fellow was very strong - but be could not succeed in breaking them.
2. (modifier) fore, front (of limbs).
Ka ngaro katoa hoki ngā peke mātāmua ki roto ki ngā koro (NM 1928:128). / And the fore limbs totally disappeared into the nooses.
3. (noun) first-born, oldest child.
He māhanga ngā mātāmua, he tāne (HP 1991:13). / The first-born were twins, and males.
4. (noun) high card (cards), highest card - a poker hand made of any five cards, where the only thing of any potential meaning in the hand is the highest card.
kahukahu
1. (noun) membrane enveloping a foetus, amnion, foetal membrane, spirit of a stillborn child.
Ka mōhio ngā Māori nei he tūrehu, he patupaiarehe, he aparangi, he atua kahukahu, kōwhiowhio (TP 1/1911:5). / These Māori perceived that they were tūrehu, patupaiarehe (fair-skinned mythical beings of human form), evil spirits, spirits of unborn children and whistling spirits.
tamaiti
1. (noun) child, boy - used only in the singular.
I roto i ā koutou tākaro, i te whutupaoro, i te hōkī, i te kirikiti, kāore he painga o te tamaiti e whakaaro ana ki a ia anake (TTT 1/8/1923:10). / In your sports, rugby, hockey and cricket, there is no benefit in a child thinking only as an individual.
pōtiki
1. (noun) youngest child.
I te wā i kōhuru ai a Rangiaho i a ia anō i tana uma e takai ana tāna pōtiki a Pāpaka (M 2004:270). / At the time Rangiaho committed suicide her youngest child, Pāpaka, was wrapped to her breast.
See also pekepoho
2. (noun) pet.
Ko aua pōtiki, he tohorā rata (HP 1991:11). / Those pets were tame whales.
kōroiroi
1. (adjective) be unwilling, disinclined, reluctant, unscrupulous.
Ka mahi ia i ētahi mahi māminga, kōroiroi noa nei, kia roa ai ia e tū ana i tōna tūranga (TWMNT 9/8/1879:490). / He did some devious things, which were quite unscrupulous, so that he could remain longer in his position.
Synonyms: korongatā, parahako, whakatohetohe, manawa pā, korou kore, whakatenetene, whakauaua, manauhea, whakatōngā, whakawhēuaua, horokukū, whakakumu
2. (modifier) unwilling, disinclined, reluctant, obstinate, unheeding, disobedient (particularly of a child).
I te mutunga ake, ka whakaae ngā mātua ki tā te tamaiti kōroiroi rā i tono ai (HJ 2015:192). / In the end the parents agreed to what that obstinate child had requested.
Synonyms: turi, ngana, makiki, kōioio, whakatete, whakatohe, whātuturi, hoi, pukutohe, pūkeke, houkeke, upoko mārō, papamārō, hōkeke, whakatuturi, mōtohe, pake, taumārō, pukutohetohe, whakaturi, taringa pākura, kakī mārō, tohetohe
3. (noun) unwillingness, reluctance, disinclination.
Ka hoki tonu aku mihi ki aku kaiwhakaako e kaha nei ahakoa takeo ai i ētahi wā i te kōroiroi, i te kōioio tonu mai o ngā ākonga, ko te nuinga ia inā kē noa atu te pai (HM 3/1998:5). / My thanks go to my energetic teachers, who despite sometimes being fed up with the unwillingness and stubbornness of the students, were mostly outstanding.
Synonyms: whakatohetohe, korou kore, ngākau kore, whakatōngā
2. (verb) (-tia) to entertain, give hospitality.
Ahakoa i tau te waewae ki hea, i whiua te kupu ki hea, i taurimatia, i whakarangatiratia, i whakawāteatia mai te huarahi kia whai ai a Tīmoti i tāna i pīrangi ai (HM 3/1990:1). / No matter where he went or where he spoke, he was entertained, respected and avenues were cleared so that Tīmoti was able to do whatever he fancied.
See also hui taurima
3. (modifier) adopted, fostered.
Ka kōkiritia te pā o Te Wharepōuri, i Tauwharerata, i te taha o Kaiwaewae, ka whakarauoratia tana wahine, a Te Uamairangi, me tā rāua tamāhine taurima, a Te Kakapi Wharawhara-i-te-rangi me ētahi atu – 25 ngā mea i mau herehere (TTR 1990:91). / The pā of Te Wharepōuri at Tauwhare-rata near Featherston was attacked, and his wife, Te Uamairangi, and their adopted daughter, Te Kakapi Wharawhara-i-te-rangi and 25 others were captured.
4. (modifier) entertaining, festival.
Ka tae te tono a tētehi rōpū kaipakihi o Poihākena ki a Mākareti kia tahuri ki te whakahaere i tētehi kapa haka hei whakaatu haere i Poihākena anō; kia mutu tērā, ka rere ki Ingarangi ki te whakauru atu ki ngā mahi taurima e whakanui ana i te Emepaea (TTR 1996:122). / Makereti was asked by a syndicate of Sydney businessmen to manage a Māori concert party tour to Sydney and then sail to England to take part in the Festival of Empire celebrations.
5. (noun) foster child, hospitality.
Kia tika rā te taurima i te manuhiri kei kōrerotia tātau (PK 2008:896). / Treat the guest with care lest we be talked about.
2. (verb) (-tia) to name a child using special ritual karakia called tūā, baptise.
Whānau mai ana a Kepa ka tūātia hei Ringatū (TTR 1998:34). / When Kepa was born he was baptised into the Ringatū faith.
Synonyms: iriiri, whakaingoa, tapanga
3. (noun) ritual chants for protection including to facilitate childbirth, in the naming of infants, to ward off illness, catch birds and bring about fine weather.
He karakia anō mō Tāwhirimātea, he tūā mō te rangi (NM 1928:5) / There were ritual chants for Tāwhiri-mātea and ritual chants for the weather.
