pakaru
1. (stative) be smashed, shattered, broken, broken down.
I te 8 o ngā rā o Tīhema nei, ka ngaoko te whenua o Whanganui nei i te rū, ā, i pakaru ko ngā kōrere wai mai ki te tāone, i kino katoa (TJ 4/1/1898:6). / On the 8th December the land here at Whanganui shook from the earthquake and the water pipes to the town were badly damaged.
Synonyms: mongamonga, pūrikiriki
2. (stative) be split.
Āe, me he mākohe; tēnā, mehemea he pūpeka kai roto e kore e pakaru i a koe (JPS 1929:216). / Yes, if it is straight-grained timber, but should it contain blind knots it will never be split by you.
3. (stative) be torn, ragged, rent.
Ka pakaru ngā kākahu, ka tuia he kākahu mō rātou ki te kiri kekeno, he iwi toroa ngā ngira (TWM 20/2/1868:5). / When their clothes were ragged they sewed garments of seal skins and the needles were of albatross bone.
Synonyms: rīhi, rēti, taretare, kanu, hīraurau, kōhangaweka, ruwha, kuha, kanukanu, ruha, tāwekoweko
4. (stative) be dissolved (of parliament).
Ākuanei pea e toru, e rua rānei tau ka pakaru te Pāremete (TWMNT 31/1/1872:38). / Soon perhaps in three or two years Parliament will be dissolved.
5. (noun) damage, damaged parts, torn parts.
Nā Mahuta te kupu ki te taina, mō te kākahu kanukanu o ō rāua tīpuna. Māku e tāpiri atu tēnei, kāore he mate, e Waikato, ki te kānihitia e koe ngā pakaru o te kākahu nā, hei whāriki mōu ā kō ake nei (TAH 18:19). / Mahuta suggestion to his younger brother concerning their ancestors' tattered cloak. I will add this, no misfortune will befall you, Waikato, if you patch up the torn cloak, as a mat for you in the future.
6. (noun) split, rupture.
Ka mama ake te wai i te pakaru nei (W 1971:172). / The water oozed up through this split.
Synonyms: whakapakaru, whaturama
porokere
1. (modifier) broken off short, prematurely, precipitately.
Mutu porokere te hiahia whawhai (MM.TKM 18/5/1859:4). / The desire to fight ended prematurely.
Synonyms: wawe
maramara rīhi
1. (loan) (noun) potsherd - a broken piece of pottery, especially one found on an archaeological site.
Nā ka mau ia ki tētahi maramara rīhi hei waru i a ia, ā noho ana i roto i te pungarehu (PT Hopa 2:8). / And he took a potsherd to scrape himself with; and he sat down among the ashes.
tuaranga
1. (stative) be broken, rough (of the surface of the land).
Ka roa e noho ana i reira, kāore i haratau a reira ki te noho, he kore tahora, he tuaranga nō te takoto o te whenua (JPS 1928:176). / After staying there for a considerable time it was found to be an unsuitable place to live, owing to the lack of open land and the rough nature of the country.
See also tuarangaranga
Synonyms: tuahuru, māngonge, matara, taratara, torehapehape, tuarangaranga, tuatete, tūpā, mākinakina, mātoretore, pūtiotio, pūhungahunga, hīngarungaru, huakau, whekewheke, tupangarua
tuarangaranga
1. (verb) to be unsettled, perplexed, rough, boisterous (of the sea).
Ka hoki kōmuri mai te titiro ki te pae maunga o Tararua, kei tōna take nei ko ngā wai rahopē i ētahi wā, tuarangaranga i ētahi wā, o Te Whanga-nui-a-Tara e papaki nei ki ōna takutai huri noa, huri noa i tēnei whanga (H 1992:4). / Looking back at the Tararua mountain range, at its base are the sometimes calm waters, at other times rough, of Wellington, breaking on its coast right around this bay.
Synonyms: pōrahurahu, harapuka, pōhēhē, pōrahu, rararu, raupeka, raruraru, raparapa, raru, pōkahu, pōkeka, pōritarita, pōrangirangi, pōrauraha, pōkaikaha, raumahara, māngonge, matara, taratara, torehapehape, tuatete, tūpā, mākinakina, tuaranga, mātoretore, pūtiotio, pūhungahunga, hīngarungaru, huakau, whekewheke, tupangarua, tuahuru
2. (adjective) be broken, rough (of the surface of the land).
I te taenga atu o Kupe ki Rangiātea, ka ui mai a Ngātoto ki a Kupe, “E Kupe! he aha te āhua o te whenua i kite nā koe? He raupapa rānei, he tuarangaranga rānei; he onetai, he onematua rānei te one.” (JPS 1913:115). / When Kupe reached Rai'atea, Ngātoto asked Kupe, “Kupe! What is the nature of that land you have discovered? Is it flat land, or rough land? Is the soil alluvial soil, or a loamy soil?”
Synonyms: tuaranga
3. (modifier) broken, rough (of the land surface).
Ka hia marama a ia e ārahi ana i tana ope i ngā wāhi tuarangaranga katoa o te waoku i te raki o Mareia (TTR 2000:154). / He led his company for many months on end in some of the roughest jungle in the north of Malaya.
4. (noun) boisterousness, turbulence.
Engari kia maumahara tātou ko te wā o te āiō tēnei, taihoa anō te tuarangaranga, te whenewhene o Hinemoana! (HM 2/1989:1). / But we should remember that this is a time of calm, in the future the turbulence and roughness of Hinemoana will occur again!
2. (stative) be cut about, cut up.
Kotahi tētahi tamaiti tāne, ka 17 ōna tau, i mate ki tērā motu, ki Te Waipounamu, i mau ki roto i tētahi mīhini, motumotu katoa taua tamaiti (TPH 30/11/1911:4). / A boy aged 17 died in the other island, the South Island, when he was caught in a machine and was cut up.
3. (modifier) separated.
Ko ngā whare motumotu o reira ehara i te whare, engari he tāone tonu pēnei me Ākarana nei te rarahi, he kore rawa a Pōneke (TWMNT 12/11/1873:156). / The separated buildings there are not houses, but it is a town equal in extent to Auckland, Wellington does not compare.
4. (modifier) discrete (maths).
He momo taurangi te motumotu ka tatauria ki te tauoti. Ko te tokomaha tāngata tētahi taurangi motumotu nā te mea e kore e taea te hautanga tangata. Ko ngā rā o te wiki tētahi anō taurangi motumotu, nā te mea e tū motuhake ana ia rā (TRP 2010:178). / Discrete is a type of variable that is counted with whole numbers. The number of people is a discrete variable because you can't have a fraction of a person. The days of the week is another discrete variable because each day is independent (TRP 2010:178).
5. (noun) separation.
Titiro atu tērā ki te piri o te tū o ngā whare, kāore he motumotu, piri tonu, ko ngā rori tonu te kaitiriwā i te whare (TWMNT 12/11/1873:156). / They looked at the houses standing in compact rows with no space between them whatever, just the streets separated the buildings.
Synonyms: whakamana wehenga, wehenga, whakawehewehe, weheruatanga, whakawehe, whakawehenga
6. (noun) firebrand, piece of burning wood, dumpling, doughboy.
Kātahi ka tahuna te umu, ka kā te umu, ka whakataona, kātahi ka mauria atu ngā motumotu o te umu rā, huihui ana ngā hau o te rangi (JPS 1927:280). / Then the oven was lit and heated, then the firebrands of the oven were taken away and the winds of the heavens assembled.
Synonyms: ngotungotu, ngōngotu, mōunga, kounga
2. (modifier) broken right off, cut off, lopped off, amputated.
Mehemea e rua kē ngā wīra e haere mā runga i taku waewae tērā e whati pororere tonu atu ngā iwi o taku waewae (HP 1991:22). / If two wheels had run over my leg the bones of my leg would have been broken off.
3. (noun) amputation.
4. (noun) guillotine.
riwha
1. (verb) to be chipped, scarred, scratched, defaced.
E tāreia ana ki te maire, ki te mānuka, ki tētehi atu rākau mārō rānei, taua turuturu, he mea kia mārō ai te rākau mō te ngau a te kākā (mōkai), i tōna turuturu, e kore e riwha (pakaru) (JPS 1895:135). / The support for a bird snare was fashioned out of maire, mānuka, or some other hard wood, in order that it may be sufficiently hard when bitten by the decoy kākā to prevent its chipping.
Synonyms: riwhariwha, tiwha
2. (verb) to be partly invisible.
Rākaumatohi: Kua riwha tētahi wāhi o te marama. He rā pai (TTT 1/4/1922:13). / The eighteenth night of the lunar month: A section of the moon is not visible. A good day.
3. (verb) to be broken, defeated, beaten.
Ka riwha a Te Kooti, ka kounu ki te Rohe Pōtae (TTR 1994:141). / Te Kooti was defeated and withdrew into the King Country.
4. (stative) be accomplished, achieved.
Kia riwha i a rātou tētāhi mahi i tua atu i te whakatuanui, korekore ana nei. / For them to achieve something, other than being overbearing, absolutely not.
Synonyms: tutuki, porotutuki, pahawa, kei a [koe] mō te ..., tareka, ringa rehe, waewae kai pakiaka, Kei a ... mō te ..., taea, toa
5. (noun) scar, scratch.
He mea whakamanamana ki a rāua te whakaatu i ngā riwha i ō rāua rae, ka kī nā te tino toa o te motu nei ērā tohu i mau ai ki a rāua, engari kāore rāua i mate i a rāua i pakanga ai ki a Te Wherowhero (M 2004:280). / They were both proud to show the scars on their foreheads, and to say that the greatest warrior of this land was responsible for those marks that they carried, but they weren't killed in the battle with Te Wherowhero.
Synonyms: rakuraku, tiwha, nanatu, hae, harakuku, rakaraka, raraku, rapi, rarapi, hārau, raku, rapirapi, haehae, nawe, riwhariwha, koha, mātānawe
karapotapota
1. (stative) be broken into pieces, smashed, levelled.
I kahakina ngā piriti whakatārewa, me ngā maioro oneone e te wai, pakaru kino ana tōna huakanga ki runga ki ngā whare, karapotapota ana ngā mea katoa i tōna ara (TWMNT 21/9/1875:210). / The suspension bridges and embankments were carried away by the water, and it rushed into the houses smashing them, levelling everything in its path.
Synonyms: mānia
kauere
1. (adjective) be shrivelled, withered, crumpled.
He kauere te tipu o te māra (W 1971:105). / The growth of the garden has shrivelled.
Synonyms: kōpuka, popohe, memenge, menge, taramore, kurehe, ngingio, whewhengi, kūreherehe, pohe, whakamenge, pūtoki, pūtokitoki, roiroi
2. (noun) pūriri, Vitex lucens - a large spreading tree of the northern North Island, having hand-shaped glossy leaves with 3-5 'fingers' and wavy margins. Pinkish-red flowers are produced throughout the year and the nectar attracts tūī. The clusters of red fruit appeal to kererū.
Ka mate a Tūmoana-kotore, ka rite ngā rā e tangihia ana ki tō te rangatira tangihanga. Ka takaia, ka kawea, ka whakairia ki runga ki te kauere, e tata ana ki Waiomatatini (JPS 1911:18). / When Tūmoana-kotore died, the days of his mourning were that befitting the mourning for a chief. They wrapped him up, and took him and suspended him in a pūriri tree near Waiomatatini.
See also pūriri
3. (noun) stretch of broken water, rip.
He roma ngaru te kauere, ā, ki te tohe te tangata kia hoea e ia taua roma i te rā hau ka tahuri ia, ā, ka paremo ki te wai (JPS 1927:372). / A rip is a rough current and if a person tries to paddle on that current on a windy day he will capsize and drown.
Synonyms: kōreparepa, tārua ā-matihiko, tīhaehae, tīhae, ngaeke
pūrikiriki
1. (verb) to be broken in pieces, shattered, smashed.
Pūrikiriki noa iho te maihi o taua whare (White 2 1889:73). / The bargeboard of that house was completely shattered.
Synonyms: pakaru, mongamonga
weha
1. (verb) to be chipped, broken.
Toene atu te rā o te pakeketanga, marere mai ko te marama atarau o te koroheketanga e ngoikore ai te hīkoi a ngā waewae, e weha ai ngā niho, e piko ai te tuarā me ngā pona o ngā turi, e atarua ai ngā konohi, e mā ai ngā makawe ānō ko ngā tihi hukapapa o ngā maunga (TP 12/1903:4). / The sun has set on the elderly, the moonlight of old age has died so that walking is weak, the teeth are chipped, the back is bent like the joints of the knees, the eyesight is impaired, and the hair is white like the snowy peaks of mountains.
2. (modifier) chipped, broken.
Ka kata a Kae, te tangata niho weha (Tr 1874:52). / Kae, the man with the broken tooth, laughed.
pākarukaru
1. (verb) (-ngia,-a,-hia,-tia) to break into pieces, smash, shatter.
I taka te pereti i te tamaiti, ā, pākarukaru ana. / The child dropped the plate and it was smashed
Synonyms: whakapakaru
2. (modifier) broken into pieces, smashed.
mawhaki
1. (verb) to be torn off, broken.
Ka tunua ki te ahi ka maoa, ka romia, tangotango ana, ka mawhaki, ka kitea te māngaro, ka kīia kātahi te para māngaro (TP 1/1911:4). / It is cooked in the fire and when ready, it is squeezed, handled, broken open and the flouriness is discovered so the comment is made that it is floury para fern tubers.
