ohotata
1. (verb) to start, suddenly.
I Tīhema o te tau 1928, i ohotata tonu te whakatūnga i a Ngata hai minita Māori i te rironga ohoreretanga o te tāhuna o te pōti whānui, i te Rōpū Unaititi (TTR 1996:107). / In December 1928 Ngata was suddenly appointed native minister when the United Party unexpectedly won the general election.
2. (modifier) sudden, abrupt, impulsively.
He mate ohotata hoki; e toru anō ngā rā te pānga mai o tōna mate, ka moe, ā ohorere katoa ana a Te Arawa i te rongonga ai ki tēnei aituā (TWMNT 10/5/1874:113). / And it was a sudden death, as he had only been ill three days when he fell asleep (died), and Te Arawa were all astounded when they heard of this calamity.
Synonyms: whawhati tata
3. (noun) emergency.
I te wā o te ohotata kaua e mauri rere (Ng 1993:124). / Don't panic in an emergency (Ng 1993:124).
puaki
1. (verb) (-na) to come forth, show itself, open out, emerge.
E kitea ana i runga i ngā kupu i puakina ki te aroaro o te Komiti e āhua hapa ana te ture o te Porowini mō te pauna i runga i ētahi tikanga (TWMNT 6/2/1877:58). / It can be seen from statements that emerged before the Committee that the Provincial Impounding Act is somewhat defective.
Synonyms: whera, manahua, wherawhera, tāwaewae, tūhāngai
2. (verb) (-na) to disclose, divulge, reveal, declare.
Ehara te rā o te kai hākari i te rā e puakina ai ngā tino whakaaro mō ngā mahi mā te iwi (TW 27/11/1875:385). / The day of the banquet was not the day for revealing the key ideas for constitutional change.
Synonyms: tuwhiri, whakaatu, whakakite, whakapuaki, whāki, whāwhāki, whakakakau
putanga
1. (noun) emergence, appearance, entrance, opening, escape.
Te putanga mai o tētahi poroka i roto i tōna whare raupō i waenga repo, ka pānuitia e ia ki ngā manu katoa ka taea e ia te whakaora ngā mate katoa (Popi 1887:53). / A frog emerged from inside of his raupō house in the middle of the swamp and announced to all the birds that he was able to cure all diseases.
Synonyms: wāhinga, tāwaha, tomokanga, whakapuare, whakatuwheratanga, whakapuaretanga, whakatuheratanga, puare, pūahaaha, pūwaha, angotanga, waha, wherahanga, whakatuwhera, wherawhera, whakatuhera, puta, tarawaha, tomotomokanga, pūaha, wāhi
2. (noun) exit, way out.
Ki te titiro iho koe ki te putanga o te rua nā, ka kite koe i ngā rapirapitanga o te manu kōkā (HW 1969:120). / If you look down at the exit of that hole you will see the scratchings of the mother bird.
3. (noun) gate, outlet, vent.
Kia tūpato koutou ki ō koutou whare he mea whakakikī puru ki te tangata, hore he putanga mō te hau haunga, hore he tomonga mō te hau ora e noho tawhio ana i waho o ō koutou whare (KO 16/3/1888:7). / You should be careful with your houses when they are crammed full of people and there is no outlet for the stale air, no inlet for fresh air which is located around the outside of your houses.
Synonyms: pūahatanga, waha
4. (noun) edition, issue (publication).
I te putanga o te kape tuatahi me ngā whakaputanga o muri mai, ka whakamāramatia e Īhāia te tino whāinga a 'Huia Tangata Kotahi', arā, ki te whakakotahi i te iwi Māori mā te pānui i ngā āhuatanga e whakataumaha ana i a rātou i ngā moutere e rua (TTR 1994:30). / Īhaia explained in the first and subsequent editions of 'Huia Tangata Kotahi' that its aim was to create unity among Māori by carrying to both islands news of their common misfortunes.
5. (noun) symptom.
Ko te pūputa te putanga o te pāpaka, ki ngā ngutu o te tangata, ki ōna taihemahema rānei (RP 2009:311). / Blisters on a person's lips or genitals are the symptom of herpes.
6. (noun) outcome.
Ko te putanga te hua ka puta i tētahi pāpono tūponotanga. Hei tauira, ko te 1, te 2, te 3, te 4, te 5, te 6 rānei ngā putanga e taea ana ina pīrorihia he mataono tau (TRP 2010:214). / The outcome is the result of a probability event. For example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 are the possible outcomes when a dice is rolled (TRP 2010:214).
Synonyms: tukunga iho, whakataunga, hua
torokiki
1. (verb) to sprout afresh, re-emerge, re-establish, reappear, resprout, regrow.
Mahara aua iwi o Tūranga nei i tapahi ai i taua rākau, e kore e torokiki ake i ōna pakiaka, nā, kua tupu anō (W 1971:440). / Those tribes of Gisborne thought that when that tree was cut down it would never regrow from its roots, but it has grown again. (Major Rāpata Wahawaha on the Hauhau movement.)
2. (noun) resprouting, regrowth.
Me poro ngā kōmata ngingio o te rākau nā kia pai ai te torokiki anō ā te kōanga (PK 2008:295). / The withered ends of that plant should be shortened so that they will sprout well again in the spring.
whakaputa
1. (verb) (-hia,-ia,-ina,-ngia) to begin to come out, cause to emerge, express, utter, publish, announce, issue, grant, produce.
Nō te rā whānau o te Kīngi (Hune 3) ka whakaputaina ngā hōnore ki ngā tāngata nunui o tana emepaea (TTT 1/6/1927:610). / On the birthday of the King (June 3) the honours for the important people of his empire were announced.
Synonyms: whakaputaputa, perehi, pānui, whakakawenata, whakatupu, tā, paki
2. (modifier) expressing, articulating.
Ka tū ana te tangata ki te whaikōrero, ka whakahua ia i ngā rākau me ngā tipu hei kupu whakarite, hei kupu whakaputa whakaaro (Te Ara 2014). / When a man stands to make a speech, he mentions trees and plants as similes and as words to articulate ideas.
3. (noun) appearance, emergence, publication.
Nō muri o te whakaputa i te pukapuka a Smith ka rahi ngā pukapuka i whakaputangia e whakapae ana ko ngā heke o ngā tāngata o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa i ahu mai i te rāwhiti, i te whenua rahi o Āhia (Te Ara 2014). / After the publication of Smith’s book there was a proliferation of texts claiming that the people of the Pacific came from the east, from the continent of Asia.
Synonyms: pānuitanga, tānga
mōrearea
1. (verb) to be apprehensive, alarmed, in a crisis, exposed to danger.
Ko tō Hepi Te Heuheu momo whakahaere i te mahi, he whakahauhau, he whakamana i a wai noa hei whakatau whakaaro, ā, noho ake ana ia hei haumi kē me ka mōrearea, kua kore rānei e haere te mahi (TTR 2000:217). / Te Heuheu’s style of operating was to encourage and empower others to make decisions, while keeping his own position in reserve if a crisis occurred, or the task was not progressing.
Synonyms: whakawhara
3. (modifier) exposed to great danger, dangerous, hazardous.
He mea mōrearea ki te hauora o te iwi kāinga ngā mate mauhoro e whakataumaha ana i aua tūroro (TTR 1996:223). / Those patients suffering from contagious diseases were a health risk to the local people.
4. (noun) crisis, dilemma, danger, emergency, predicament, trouble, alarm.
Nā ngā mahi ātete ā-tinana i ngā kairūri i roto i Te Urewera, i tau ai te mōrearea ki runga i ngā take whenua (TTR 1994:11). / In the Urewera physical resistance to the surveyors engendered a sense of alarm over the land issues.
Synonyms: pōraruraru, matawaenga, harapuka
putaputa
1. (verb) to appear, emerge, come into view, escape, get out, go out, exit, get clear, survive - a number of people or groups.
Nō te tau 1843, ka putaputa atu ki Te Wairarapa ngā ope hōpara a te Kamupene o Niu Tīreni (TTR 1990:284). / In 1843 the the exploration parties of the New Zealand Company appeared in Wairarapa.
2. (verb) to be full of holes, pitted, riddled.
Ka tīhorea te kiri, ka kitea he mea angiangi noa a roto, he mea putaputa me te pūngorungoru; he wai kau, me te wai kōrau te reka (TWMNT 24/3/1874:72). / When the rind is removed, a thin layer is found inside which is cellular like a sponge, filled with fluid tasting much like that of a turnip.
Synonyms: pōkarakara, kōputaputa
3. (noun) openings.
Mehemea e kore e horoia atu te werawera o te kiri, me te paru hoki e whakakī ana i ngā putaputa ririki o te kiri, koia ka kino ai ka mamae, kātahi ka puku, ka pā haere taua mate ki ia tangata, ki ia tangata (TWMNT 18/6/1873:65). / If the perspiration and the dirt filling the pores of the skin is not washed away then the pain will be awful and the swelling and that disease will strike each person.
2. (verb) to be taken out of the ground (as a crop), lifted (as a crop), gathered in, harvested.
Ka maea te māra rīwai rā, ka tukutukua hei purapura, ā roaroa iho, ka nui haere tērā tū kai ki rauwhenua (KO 15/8/1884:5). / When that garden of potatoes was lifted they were distributed as seed, eventually becaming abundant in many countries.
maunu
1. (verb) (-hia) to draw out, pull out, withdraw, loosened.
Ka maunu te toki a Kahukura, ka whiua nā te mauī, nā te katau, ko te tukunga atu i reira, kua rewa a Kahukura i roto i te toto (JPS 1895:94). / Kahukura drew his axe, and struck left and right, so that when he left that place he was covered with blood.
Synonyms: kōtara, mawete, mawheto, whakatahi, unuunu, kohika, huhuti, huti, hutihuti, heu, kounu, auru, paunu, kōhiti, tākiri, unu, kōwhiti, kume
2. (verb) (-hia) to withdraw, retreat.
I te atapō tonu ka maunu te pā nei, ka haere, ka ahu whaka-Waikato (JPS 1899:180). / Just before dawn they retreated from this pā, departed and headed towards Waikato.
3. (verb) to come out, emerge, emigrate, leave.
4. (verb) to be taken off (of clothes, etc.).
Ko tā rātou whakatangi whakamutunga ko te waiata mō te Kuīni, ka maunu anō ō rātou pōtae (TP 1/11/1899:11). / Their final tune was the anthem for the Queen for which they took off their hats again.
5. (verb) to loosen, come out, dislodge, come free.
Maunu mai ana ngā kōhatu nunui, hurihia haeretia ana ki raro ki te raorao, tāwhāruatia ana ngā rori i ngā tāone i te karinga a te wai (TWMNT 6/10/1874:256). / Great boulders dislodged and were carried down to the lowland, and the roads in the towns were gouged out by the strength of the water.
Synonyms: whakangoru, tākōkō, tangatanga, whakamatara, tākiri, whakakaewa, whakatangatanga, hangoro, whakakorokoro
6. (verb) to be drawn from a belt, etc.
I taua wā ka maunu i a Tamehana tōna oka ka okaina tōna taina, a Te Hamana (TP 6/1912:11). / At that moment Tamehana took out his knife and stabbed his younger brother, Te Hāmana.
2. (verb) (-hia,-ina,-ngia) to emerge here and there, appear repeatedly, pop up.
Ka tū te tangata ki te taha o te wai, ka whakaputaputa mai ngā māhunga o aua tuna, he mahara he kawe kai atu mā rātou (TP 8/1903:11). / When a person stands at the water's edge the heads of those eels pop up thinking that she is taking food for them.
3. (modifier) appearing, emerging, expressing.
Ko te hapū nei he hunga noho nehenehe; he hunga whakaputaputa mōhiotanga, arā i mua atu o te tukunga i te whenua nei, ki ngā huarahi i mōhio ai rātau hei putanga moni mā rātau (TP 3/1908:8). / This subtribe is a group who live in the forest; a group providing information about the avenues they knew to acquire money, that is before the land was ceded.
pūrero
1. (verb) to project, emerge, be prominent (from water, etc.).
I tana kitenga atu ka pūrero ake a Ahitereiria i te pae moana, ka tū ia, ka umere (TTT 1/8/1930:2115). / When he saw Australia projecting up from the sea horizon, he stood up and shouted.
Synonyms: hinonga, koutu, whakatakanga, kūmore, kūrae, hingonga, kounu, whakawhana, whakakaupapa
tatau pitomata
1. (noun) emergent counting.
I tēnei momo tatau, i te tatau pitomata, kāore te tamaiti e hono i te tau kotahi ki te mea kotahi e tatauria ana. Ko te whakahua noa iho i ngā kupu tau, engari kāore anō kia mau te tikanga o te tatau pānga tahi (TRP 2010:267). / In this type of counting, emergent counting, the child does not connect each number with an object as it is being counted. The child knows the number names but cannot count one number for one object (TRP 2010:267).
aranga
1. (verb) to arise, ensue, come about, emerge.
I te mea e rua ngā rangatira o te ope a Ngāti Maniapoto ka wāhia e rua ngā wahanga o te tahua; kotahi wāhanga ki a Mania-opetini, kotahi wāhanga ki a Mania-uruahu. Ka aranga ai i konei tēnei ingoa a Ngāruawāhia. Nā te mata o ngā kai o taua tahua, ka aranga te ingoa, a Hākari-mata, mō te pae maunga i reira (NIT 1995:245). / Because there were two Ngāti Maniapoto chiefs, the feast was divided into two, one part for Mania-opetini and one for Mania-uruahu. Thus the name Ngāruawāhia emerged. Because the food of the feast was raw, the name Hākari-mata arose for the mountain range there.
2. (verb) to become known.
Ka aranga te ingoa o tēnei whaiwhaiā he taupā i te wahine (TPH 31/8/1904:2). / The name of this witchcraft is known as the ritual to withhold the wife from other men.
3. (verb) to rise to the surface, appear.
Synonyms: puea
pepe tuna
1. (noun) pūriri moth, Aenetus virescens – a large, conspicuous, green-winged moth with glowing red eyes. Young larvae hatch from eggs in the forest leaf litter, where they begin their development. They then moult into a conspicuous 'transfer phase' form that moves out of the litter and climbs the trunk of a suitable host tree, often a pūriri or putaputawētā. The larva forms a typical '7'-shaped tunnel and a silk-covered external feeding scar over the entrance. Once established the larvae moult into the 'tree phase', in which they complete their growth. The entire larval period may take as much as 4 years, and mature larvae may exceed 100 mm in length. Pupation occurs inside the shaft, and most adults emerge in spring or early summer.
He rere ahiahi, rere pō te pepe tuna; nā whai anō ka whakapaetia te pepe tuna he karere nō te ao wairua, he wairua rānei o tētahi tipuna kua hoki mai ki te tāpae kōrero ki ōna uri. He kaitā te pepe tuna, e 15 henimita te hōrapa o ōna parirau kawakawa (Te Ara 2012). / Because the pūriri moth flies at dusk and into the night, the suggestion is that it is a messenger of the realm of spirits, or a spirit of an ancestor returning to visit his or her descendants. The pūriri moth is large, with bright green wings that span 15 centimetres.
kōkopu
1. (noun) banded kōkopu, cockabully, Galaxias fasciatus, whitebait - small, blunt-nosed, endemic freshwater fish that is slender, lacks scales and carries a dorsal fin set far to the rear. Head and body dark brown to olive-green with narrow polar bars crossing flanks and continuous across back. Widespread in forested areas. Capable of climbing moist vertical faces. The juvenile form is called whitebait.
E kīia ana, kua tae mai ngā ika o Karapōnia, e kīa nei, he tarauta (e pēnei ana me te kōkopu wai māori a te Māori) ā kua tukua atu aua ika ki tētahi o ngā roto i Waikato (TW 2/11/1878:546). / It is reported that fish from California have arrived, which are called trout (and are like the Maori’s fresh water kōkopu) and those fish have been released in one of the lakes in Waikato.
Synonyms: kōriwhariwha, kōawheawhe, kōkopuruao, kōkopu taiwhara, kōpakopako, para, parakeke, ruao, ruwao, moruru
2. (noun) large species of eel.
Nō te tau 1965 ka kōrero te kaumātua rā a Tame Saunders mō ngā momo tuna heke, rere kotahi katoa ai tēnā momo tuna, tēnā momo tuna, tēnā momo tuna: tuatahi ko ngā hao (30 henemita te roa), whai muri ko ngā riko (he kākāriki te tuarā, kotahi mita te roa), ngā paranui (he pango te tae, he kiri mātotoru), kātahi ngā tuna kōkopu (tae ki te 1.8 mita te roa, hāwhe koma-mano te taumaha) (Te Ara 2013). / Tame Saunders, an elder, described in 1965 how the different types of eels came down in the same order: first the hao (king eels, about 30 centimetres long), then the riko (greenish-backed eels, about a metre long), then the paranui (dark, with thick skins), and finally the kōkopu tuna (up to 1.8 metres long and weighing just under 30 kilograms).
Synonyms: riko
3. (noun) variety of greenstone like tōtōweka but with smaller regular dots like the freshwater fish called kōkopu.
4. (noun) bullhead, bullies, Gobiomorphus spp. - a small, blunt-headed, sluggish, endemic freshwater fish.
5. (noun) giant bully, Gobiomorphus gobioides - stocky fish with large head, two separate dorsal fins, strong body scales, and pelvic fins located forwards beneath the gill openings. Very dark, often black with irregular, golden olive lines on cheeks and a linear series of small, golden speckles on each flank. An endemic fish widespread in esturine and coastal waters of the North and South Islands. Rarely moves more than 2 km inland. Emerges at night to feed.
tītarakura
1. (noun) giant bully, Gobiomorphus gobioides - stocky fish with large head, two separate dorsal fins, strong body scales, and pelvic fins located forwards beneath the gill openings. Very dark, often black with irregular, golden olive lines on cheeks and a linear series of small, golden speckles on each flank. An endemic fish widespread in esturine and coastal waters of the North and South Islands. Rarely moves more than 2 km inland. Emerges at night to feed.
See also kōkopu
2. (noun) Crans' bully, Gobiomorphus basalis - an endemic fish restricted to stoney riverbeds and streams of the North Island. Body moderately stout and stocky.
See also kōkopu
