tōraro
1. (modifier) negative.
E rua ngā pito o te pūhiko, ka kīia tētahi ko te pito tōraro (-), ko tētahi ko te pito tōrunga (+) (RP 2009:333). / There are two poles of a battery, one is called the negative pole (-) and the other is the positive pole (+).
Synonyms: whakahē, kāhoretanga
kāhoretanga
1. (noun) lack, non-existence, dearth, deficiency.
Kāore hoki he painga o ngā kākahu ātaahua, whakapaipai pai rerehua o tēnei wā, mehemea kotahi anake te hū i te waewae, ā, kotahi me hīkoi tahanga kāore he hū, rite tahi tō tātau pōrearea mō tēnei āhua, kino katoa te papai o ngā kākahu me te tinana o te tangata i te kāhoretanga o te pūtu kotahi (TPH 15/12/1899:1). / There is also no benefit from beautiful clothes that are fashionable if the feet have only one shoe and then one must walk without shoes. Our concern about this aspect is the same, clothes and the person's appearance is ugly if one boot is missing.
whakakāhoretanga
1. (noun) exemption, negation, annulment, nullification, repudiation, cancellation.
He mea hākiki ki a Te Puea te whakakāhoretanga a te kāwanatanga kia whakawāteatia a Korokī i te whakahau kia rēhita ia i raro i te Ture Penihana o 1938 (TTR 1996:48). / It was offensive to Te Puea that the government would not exempt Korokī from the necessity to register under the Social Security Act of 1938.
Synonyms: whākorekore, whakakore, whakakorekore
2. (noun) negation, negative (grammar).
Ko te whakakāhoretanga o te 'kei konei au', ko te 'kāore au i konei' (HJ 2012:72). / The negative of 'kei konei au' is 'kāore au i konei'.
Synonyms: tūwhakakāhore
whakakāhore
1. (verb) (-ngia,-tia) to refuse, deny, negate, abolish, annul, object, annihilate.
E kore tēnā kōrero e taea te whakakāhore (W 197184). / That statement can not be denied.
Synonyms: whakakorekore, whakakore, whākorekore, kape, para, whakahoe, whakapeka, hawa, whakanau, huru, ota, whakapekapeka, kapurangi, rawa, whakatoitoi, takunetanga, ahanoa, mea, tarawene, tohe, tohetohe, taonga
2. (verb) to turn into a negative sentence, negate (grammar).
Hei whakamaumahara noa ake, kei te hē te 'Ehara au he (kupuingoa)' hei whakakāhore i te 'He (kupuingoa) au.' Me huri rawa te 'he' kia 'i te', pēnei nā: He kōtiro au. Ehara au i te kōtiro (HJ 2012:71). / As a strong reminder, 'Ehara au he (noun)' is incorrect to negate 'He (noun) au.' The 'he' must be changed to 'i te', for example: He kōtiro au. Ehara au i te kōtiro.
whakatakē
1. (verb) (-tia) to look down on, criticize negatively, denigrate, disparage, deride.
Pērā i ngā mea o runga ake nei, he whakautu tēnei e whakatakē ana, e whakahē ana i te tangata (HKK 1999:89). / Like the ones above, this is a response that belittles and criticises.
Synonyms: whakaiti
2. (modifier) disparaging, belittling, mocking, ridiculing, denigrating, sneering, critical.
He wā anō ka whakamahia i runga i te wairua whakatakē (HKK 1999:113). / At other times it is used in a disparaging way.
Synonyms: hangareka, whakarōriki, pūhohe, tāwai, whakaparahako
3. (noun) negative criticism, disparagement, denigration, disapproval.
Anei tonu e hoe nei ahakoa pariparitia mai e ngā tai o whakatakē, o whakaparanga, o mihi, o whakamiha, koianei katoa hoki ngā āhuatanga ka pā ki te whakahaere Māori ahakoa he aha te kaupapa i whakatūria ai (HM 4/1997:1). / Here we are still paddling despite being inundated by the tides of negative criticism, insincerity, acknowledgement and appreciation, but those are all aspects that affect Māori endeavours whatever they are.
whakahē
1. (verb) (-ngia,-tia) to disagree, contradict, find fault with, condemn, object to, criticise.
Kei te whakahē ia ki tā mātau kaupapa (HP 1991:69). / He disagreed with our cause.
Synonyms: whakahēhē, whakaepaepa
2. (verb) (-ngia,-tia) to cause to go astray, lead astray.
Nā te kuia rā mātou i whakahē (W 1971:43). / That elderly woman lead us astray.
Synonyms: whakakonuka, whakakotiti, whātītipa
3. (modifier) disapproving, negative, critical.
I puta anō ngā kupu whakahē a ētahi o ngā rangatira o Peiwhairangi mō Matiu, nōtemea nō Te Rarawa ia (TWMNT 18/9/1877:189). / Some of the leading men in the Bay of Islands objected to Matthew's appointment because he belonged to the Rarawa tribe.
Synonyms: tōraro, kāhoretanga
4. (noun) dissent, opposition, disagreement, dissension.
Kāore rawa tētahi whakahē mō tēnei, ēngari i tautoko katoa (HP 1991:300). / There was no dissent at all, but full support.
2. (noun) (electricity) negative end.
tau tōraro
1. (noun) negative number.
Ko ngā tau tōraro ngā tau raro i te kore. He tau tōraro te -5, he tau tōraro hoki te -5 1⁄2 me te -5.25. He iti iho te -8 i te -7. He nui ake te -5 i te -6 (TRP 2010:285). / Negative numbers are the numbers below zero. Examples of negative numbers are -5, -5 1⁄2 and -5.25. -8 is less than -7. -5 is greater than -6 (TRP 2010:285).
tūwhakakāhore
1. (noun) negative (grammar).
Anei ētahi o ngā tūwhakakāhore o te reo Māori: kāhore, kāore, kore, kīhai, ehara, nōhea, tē (PK 2008:1024). / Here are some of the negatives of Māori: kāhore, kāore, kore, kīhai, ehara, nōhea, tē.
Synonyms: whakakāhoretanga
ine pānga tōraro
1. (noun) negative correlation (maths).
E whakaaturia ana i te kauwhata marara i raro nei, he ine pānga tōraro kei waenga i te tawhito o te motukā me te utu hoko o taua motukā, arā, ka heke te utu i te tawhito haere o te motukā (TRP 2010:140). / Shown in this scatter graph below is a negative correlation between the age of a car and the purchase price of that car, that is the decrease in the price in relation to the aging of the car.
kāore
1. (negative) no, not - a negative word used on its own or in a variety of sentence types. Kāore is the most common form but has dialectal variations which include kāhore, kāre, karekau and horekau. Its main uses are explained below where it is listed with each of the various particles it occurs before. As well as being marked by a negative word, negative sentences often differ from corresponding affirmative sentences by having a different word order and sometimes different particles.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 15, 56, 75-76, 83-84, 109-110; Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 25;)
2. (negative) Used for the negative of affirmative sentences beginning with he followed by a noun and a possessive determiner on its own, e.g. tāku, ōna, tō māua, ā rātou, etc. Such sentences assert ownership. The possessive determiner is always in the plural in the negative.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 109-110;)
3. (interjection) so, how great - used to express surprise, admiration, distress, etc. this use is often found in mōteatea.
Kāore te mamae, ngau kino ki te hoa (M 2004:60). / How great is the pain that gnaws for my friend.
Kāore hoki taku whakatakariri ki aku mokopuna e kukume kino nei i au, ē (M 2004:386). / How great is my anger towards my grandchildren who have dragged me here.
ehara
1. (negative) on the contrary - used to negate a negative sentence or question and may be followed by tonu.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 110;)
Kāore ōu hū? Ehara! He hū anō ōku. / Don't you have any shoes? On the contrary, I do have some shoes.
Synonyms: engaringari, anō, tonu, engari
2. (particle) sure enough (used in animated narrative), for sure - but not used with this meaning after negatives (see above).
Kotahi anō te whakarerenga iho o tana mere, ehara, kua mate tana hoariri. / With just one blow of his club, sure enough his enemy was dead.
See also ehara (tonu)!
3. (negative) Used in various negative sentence types, especially, but not exclusively, with those that do not have verbs. These uses are explained under separate entries where ehara is listed with each of the various particles it occurs before. As well as being marked by a negative word, negative sentences often differ from corresponding affirmative sentences by having a different word order and sometimes different particles.
ehara nā/nō
1. (negative) does not belong to, did not belong to - the usual word to negate affirmative sentences beginning with nā or nō is ehara. This is merely placed before the affirmative sentence. Although this is a common form in modern Māori, the alternative ehara i a ... was the more usual negative for nā and nō in classical Māori.
(Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 29-30;)
Ehara nā Te Tiwha tēnei whakaahua. / This photograph does not belong to Te Tiwha.
See also ehara i a
2. (negative) if the subject is a pronoun it can be placed immediately after ehara.
3. (negative) did not - with sentences where the emphasis is on the actor to form the negative ehara merely precedes the affirmative sentence.
(Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 29-30;)
rawa
1. (particle) indeed, really, exceedingly, exactly, so, very, quite, especially - a manner particle following immediately after the word it relates to to indicate extremeness or excessiveness. It may be used after all types of bases, but particularly with negatives, adjectives and verbs as described below. Where rawa follows a verb in the passive it will take a passive ending also, usually -tia. In this situation the passive ending may be dropped from the verb, but not from rawa.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 120; Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 44, 91-92;)
Hangaia rawatia he whare hou mōna (TTR 1996:134). / A new house was built especially for her.
Synonyms: koia, āhua, anō, tino, noa, tonu, kere, āta, hangehange, hengahenga, kāhua, (ko) tōna ... (nei), tou, noa iho, katoa, i neki, inā, ata, rā anō, rā pea, rānō, mārie, mārika, mārire, ia rā, koa, tinana, koia, koia, kē
2. (particle) eventually, finally, as soon as, by the time, only when, right up until - indicates a significant time lapse or effort and often follows verbs without verbal particles in subordinate clauses. Often followed by mai, atu, ake or iho.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 113;)
Tae rawa atu ia, kua moe kē a Herewini. / When they eventually arrived Selwyn was already asleep.
4. (particle) too, overly, unduly - this usage indicates an unsatisfactory degree of a quality or attribute (either excessive or inadequate).
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 120; Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 44;)
5. (particle) very, extremely, so, most - when preceded by an adjective and followed by atu it expresses the superlative.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 120; Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 44;)
6. (particle) all the way, completely, right to, right above - when following location words.
I kumea te waka ki uta rawa. / The canoe was dragged all the way up the beach.
7. (particle) until, till - following kia and a verb.
Me tatari koe kia tae rawa mai te pahi. / You had better wait until the bus arrives.
8. (particle) must, really had better - following me and a verb, it intensifies the meaning of the obligation.
Me hoki rawa mai koe ā mua o te weheruatanga o te pō. / You really had better return before midnight.
Synonyms: mātua, me, hōpurupuru
9. (particle) highest - when following runga.
I piki a Tāne ki te rangi o runga rawa. / Tāne climbed to the highest of the heavens.
tē
1. (negative) not, no, none - a negative placed before the verb it negates, used most commonly in formal speech in modern Māori.
Tē taea hoki te pēwhea. / Nothing can be done.
Inā ko te pura o te kanohi kia āta tirohia, ā kāti tirohia, tē kore noa iho ai i konā kore noa iho ai. / If you’re going to look them in the eye, look them in the eye, but don’t just sit there doing nothing.
Synonyms: kore, kore noa iho, kārekau, kāhore, āna, ehē, horekau, kāore, kāre, e, kāo, kaua, hore, karekau, hore kau, kāore kau
2. (particle) instead of - used with kē. Sometimes ai is also added.
Kei te haere ia ki te kēmu, tē mahi kē ai i ana mahi. / She is going to the game instead of doing her work.
