ritenga
1. (noun) likeness, custom, customary practice, habit, practice, resemblance, implication - the normal way of doing things.
Otirā ehara i te mea ko te pītiti anake, engari ko ngā āhua rākau katoa pēnā tonu tō rātou ritenga tae iho ana ki ngā huarākau ririki, arā, ki te karani pango, mā, whero, me te rāhipere, me te kūpere me ētahi atu o ngā huarākau ririki katoa (TP 12/1905:7). / But it's not as if it is only peaches, but all sorts of trees that are treated in that way, including small fruits, that is, black, red and white currants, raspberries, gooseberries and all the other small fruits.
Synonyms: oho, āhua, āhuatanga, rite, taurite, ariā, tikanga, tairitenga, ōrite, whakaritenga
2. (noun) ritual.
I muri tonu iho i tēnā ka tīmata te iriiri, te ritenga i whakatakotoria hei urunga atu mō te tangata ki roto ki taua rōpū (TP 4/1911:7). / Straight after that the baptism began, which was the ritual for a person to join that group.
Synonyms: whakaritenga
3. (noun) place corresponding, thing corresponding, vicinity.
Ka tata ki te ritenga ki Ruapehu ka tīmata te ua (TPH 20/3/1905:3). / When we approached the vicinity of Ruapehu it began to rain.
4. (noun) version.
Kotahi anake te wāhi e whiwhi ai koe ki tōna ritenga Māori, mā runga i te tono ki te nama waea kore utu e mau ake nei (HM 2/1999:3). / There is only one place where you can obtain it with its Māori version and that is by requesting it at this attached free phone number.
taupā
1. (verb) (-tia) to obstruct, prevent.
Kīhai au i haere; i taupātia au e te tangata i te pō (W 1971:400). / I did not go; I was prevented by the man in the night.
Synonyms: whakakati, whakakōroiroi, whakapā, whakahōtaetae, ngihangiha, ārai, kōpeka, hōtaetae, pākati, tāiha, taipuru, ārei, aukati, kōpekapeka, kati, taupare, pā
2. (verb) (-tia) to perform a ritual chant used by a man to attract a woman or a ritual chant used by a dying man to withhold his wife from other men.
Ka aranga te ingoa o tēnei whaiwhaiā he taupā i te wahine. E rua ngā āhua o tēnei whaiwhaiā, he tangata kāore i tae ki te wahine, he tangata i tae tonu ki te wahine i moea hei wahine tūturu māna, ki te mōhio taua tangata kua tata ia te mate ka taupātia e ia tōna wahine i mua atu i tōna matenga (TPH 31/8/1904:2). / This witchcraft is known as the ritual to withhold the wife from other men. There are two functions of this witchcraft, for a man who is not able to take a woman and for a man who has taken a wife in a permanent relationship. If that man knows he is approaching death he will perform the ritual to withhold his wife from other men.
3. (noun) obstruction, boundary, hymen.
Nā, ki te haere te ope taua, ka kitea te moko kākāriki e whakapae ana mai i mua i te ara, he taupā tēnā, me hoki tēnā taua (JPS 1927:358). / Now, if a war party is on the march and a green gecko is seen lying on the path, then that is an obstruction, that party must return.
4. (noun) fat covering the kidneys, perinephric fat.
Me ngā whatukuhu e rua, me tō reira ngako, tērā i te hope, me te taupā i te ate, me ngā whatukuhu, me tango tērā e ia (PT Rewitikuha 3:4). / And the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, which is by the flanks, and the caul above the liver, with the kidneys, it shall he take away.
5. (noun) ritual chant by a man to attract a woman, ritual chant by a dying man to withhold his wife from other men.
Ka aranga te ingoa o tēnei whaiwhaiā he taupā i te wahine (TPH 31/8/1904:2). / This witchcraft is known as the ritual to withhold the wife from other men.
karakia
1. (verb) (-tia) to recite ritual chants, say grace, pray, recite a prayer, chant.
Nā, ka mahia e ngā tohunga ka unuhia ngā rito kōrari, ka karakiatia kia mōhiotia ai, ka mate ka ora rānei (M 2005:280). / Now, the tohunga plucked the centre shoots of the flax, and recited incantations over them to ascertain whether the result would be defeat or victory.
Synonyms: inoi
2. (noun) incantation, ritual chant, chant, intoned incantation, charm, spell - a set form of words to state or make effective a ritual activity. Karakia are recited rapidly using traditional language, symbols and structures. Traditionally correct delivery of the karakia was essential: mispronunciation, hesitation or omissions courted disaster. The two most important symbols referred to in karakia are of sticks and food, while the two key actions are of loosing and binding. Individual karakia tend to follow a pattern: the first section invokes and designates the atua, the second expresses a loosening of a binding, and the final section is the action, the ordering of what is required, or a short statement expressing the completion of the action. The images used in karakia are from traditional narratives. There were karakia for all aspects of life, including for the major rituals, i.e. for the child, canoe, kūmara, war party and the dead. Karakia for minor rituals and single karakia include those for the weather, sickness, daily activities and for curses and overcoming curses. These enabled people to carry out their daily activities in union with the ancestors and the spiritual powers.
Hanga rawa anō tōna whare wānanga, hei akonga mō ngā tamariki ki ngā tini karakia, ki tō rātou atua tapu, te karakia mākutu, te karakia ātahu, te karakia wehe, te karakia taupō, te karakia hono i te iwi whati, te karakia whakahoki mākutu, te karakia patu i ngā tapu, te karakia i ngā kanohi pura, te karakia mō te raoa, te karakia mō te haere ki te whawhai, te karakia whakaara i ngā tapu, te karakia kia ua te rangi, te karakia kia mao te ua, te karakia kia whatitiri, kia rū te whenua, kia maroke ngā rākau, kia maroke te wai, kia ngaru te moana, kia rokia te moana, kia haere mai ngā ika taniwha o te moana, ngā ngārara o te tuawhenua, te karakia o te huamata, te pure o te hua mai o te tau, te karakia o te kawenga ki roto i te rua tāhuhu, i te rua kōpiha rānei, te karakia o te tomokanga ki te ngāherehere, o te whakaputanga mai rānei i ngā manu mate ki waho o te ngahere, te karakia o te whakaatahanga o te whare o te whakatuheratanga hoki o te whare, te karakia o te nehunga tūpāpaku, te karakia o te whānautanga tamariki, o te whakaputanga hoki ki waho i te whare kōhanga, o te tohinga rānei i te ingoa (TJ 20/6/1899:3). / He built his academy of learning to teach the children the many ritual chants, their sacred god, karakia for witchcraft, to bewitch, to divert affections, for ?ulcers, to mend broken bones, to counter witchcraft, to kill using tapu, for blindness, for choking, for going into battle, to lift tapu, for rain, for rain to cease, to cause lightning, to cause earthquakes, to make trees dry up, to dry up water, to make the sea rough, to calm the sea, to attract large fish of the ocean and insects of the land, karakia for planting, to lift the tapu on a harvest to ensure a plentiful crop, for storing crops in covered pits or pits, karakia for entering the forest or for bringing dead birds out of the forest, karakia for building and opening buildings, for burying the dead, or childbirth and for leaving the house for childbirth and of the naming ceremony.
See also karakia whakahorohoro, karakia whati, karakia haumanu, karakia kikokiko, karakia whakaū
Synonyms: kaha
3. (noun) prayer, grace, blessing, service, church service - an extension of the traditional term for introduced religions, especially Christianity.
ngau paepae
1. (verb) to bite the latrine bar.
Ko te whakauru ki taua karapu me ngau te tangata ki te paepae hamuti, kātahi anō ka mana ki te whai kī i roto i taua whakaminenga (TTT 1/2/1927:533). / For the membership of that club a person must undertake an initiation ritual and only then is he able to have speaking rights in that assembly.
2. (noun) beam-biting, initiation ritual - traditionally biting the horizontal beam of a latrine was part of the pure rite. The paepae was regarded as having protective powers. During the pure rituals the person was required to bite the paepae. The ngau paepae ritual was also used to cure sickness or to clense breaches of tapu.
Ko tētahi whakamutunga o te karakia whakangungu he ngau paepae (M 2007:224). / One conclusion of the protective karakia is biting the latrine bar.
karaka whati
1. (noun) ritual before war - an ancient ritual performed over warriors before they went off to war. The warriors were sprinkled with water, and touched with a karaka leaf.
Tohua ana a Hēnare ki te tikanga pure o te karaka whati, he tikanga whakatakataka i te toa mō te pakanga (TTR 2000:70). / Hēnare underwent the ritual of karaka whati, a practice preparing a warrior for battle.
tāngaengae
1. (verb) (-tia) to perform a ritual blessing for strength and is associated with the ritual of cutting of the umbilical cord.
Ka whānau, ka karakiatia, ka motu te pito, ka karakiatia, ka kawea ki te wai tohi ai, ka karakiatia, ka kawea ki te tūāhu, ka karakiatia, ka tāngaengaetia, ka karakiatia, ki ngā tikanga a ō rātau atua (TPH 30/11/1900:1). / When he was born, ritual chants were recited over him, the umbilical cord was cut and ritual chants were recited, he was taken to the stream for the tohi ritual and ritual chants were recited, he was taken to the sacred alter and ritual chants were recited and he was blessed and ritual chants were recited according to the customs of our atua.
2. (noun) umbilical cord.
Ka tapaina te tamaiti whai muri i te motunga o te tāngaengae (Te Ara 2013). / The child was named after the umbilical cord was severed.
3. (noun) crop (of a bird).
He kūkū tāngaengae nui, he pārera apu paru (W 1971:378). / The large crop of the New Zealand pigeon, the grey duck cramming mud. (A whakataukī crticising gluttony.)
4. (noun) exhaustion, fatigue.
karakia haumanu
1. ritual chant to revive a person.
See also karakia
2. (noun) ritual chant to kill taniwha.
2. (noun) watchman's platform.
Ko te ahurewa o te pā, he pātaka, he mea hanga hei nohoanga mō te hunga whakaaraara i ngā tāngata o roto i te pā, kia mataara tonu i te pō (W 1971:4) / The watchman's platform was an elevated stage built as a place for the sentries of the people in the pā to sit to keep watch at night.
3. (noun) stage, platform - has connotations of tapu and mana.
Nā Hēnare Kaihau rāua ko Pēpene Eketone ngā whakaritenga o te tangihanga i whakahaere. Nā rāua anō te whakarite kia kotahi marama te tūpāpaku e takoto ana i runga i tōna ahurewa, kia taea ai ia e ngā iwi katoa o te Kīngitanga te whakanui – he whakaritenga nā te tini me te mano i hāpai (TTR 1996:89). / Hēnare Kaihau and Pēpene Eketone organised the arrangements for the tangihanga. They decided that his body should lie in state for a month to enable all the King movement tribes to honour him, a duty supported by thousands.
Synonyms: kaupapa, kāraho, whatārangi, kahupapa, atamira, raho, rahoraho, tūāpapa
4. (noun) throne.
Ka whakatūria e rātou ko ētehi o ngā rangatira o Waikato he hākari mā ngā Pākehā o Rangiaowhia, hei whakanui i te ekenga o te Kīngi ki tōna ahurewa (TTR 1994:151). / She and other Waikato leaders held a banquet for Pākehā of Rangiaowhia to commemorate the accession to the throne of the King.
pōhiri
1. (verb) (-tia,-ngia) to welcome, invite, beckon, wave.
Te ūnga atu o te manuhiri ki Waahi ka pōhiritia e Waikato, e Kīngi Mahuta (TP 1/5/1900:10). / When the visitors landed at Waahi they were welcomed by Waikato and King Mahuta.
See also pōwhiri
2. (noun) invitation, ritual of encounter, welcome ceremony on a marae.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 122-138; Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 197-205;)
Tēnā rā e ngā iwi kia tītaha mai ō koutou taringa ki te whakarongo mai ki te pōhiri a tā koutou mōkai, a Tamaterangi, e pōhiri atu nei ki a koe, ki a koutou (TKO 1/12/1917:7). / Now, the tribes, take heed of the invitation of your servant, Tamaterangi, who is inviting you.
See also pōwhiri
2. (noun) invitation, rituals of encounter, welcome ceremony on a marae, welcome.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 122-138; Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 197-205;)
Ka rewa taua ope nei, ā, tae atu ki Horowhenua; ka pā te pōwhiri a te tangata whenua (JPS 1901:74). / So the flock set off, and reached Horowhenua, where the people of the place welcomed them.
rāhui
1. (verb) (-ngia,-tia) to put in place a temporary ritual prohibition, closed season, ban, reserve - traditionally a rāhui was placed on an area, resource or stretch of water as a conservation measure or as a means of social and political control for a variety of reasons which can be grouped into three main categories: pollution by tapu, conservation and politics. Death pollutes land, water and people through tapu. A rāhui is a device for separating people from tapu things. After an agreed lapse of time, the rāhui is lifted. A rāhui is marked by a visible sign, such as the erection of a pou rāhui, a post. It is initiated by someone of rank and placed and lifted with appropriate karakia by a tohunga.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 226-227;)
Ka rāhuitia ngā pipi, ka oha (W 1971:237). / When the cockles are protected from being harvested they become plentiful.
See also whatu
Synonyms: tapu, poropeihana, whakakati, whakatapu, tūrāhui, toe, wehe, whakakawhena, haumi, porowhita, tāpui, whakaputunga, whenua rāhui
2. (modifier) reserved, restricted access, restricted.
I pā ā-tinana tonu a Īhāia ki ngā whakahaere a te kōti whenua i te wā o ngā huihuinga autō mō te poraka o Waikōpiro me ētahi atu, nō mua kē atu he whenua rāhui i kōwhakina mai i te poraka o Waipukurau (TTR 1994:30). / Ihaia had personal experience of the operations of land court during the protracted hearings concerning the Waikōpiro block and others, which were originally reserves separated off from the Waipukurau block.
Synonyms: apiapi, kōpiri, ārikarika, taparere, tapu, nguengue, whakamōwai, memeke, tāpui, whakatōngā, hūnguengue, konekone, nohopuku, tōngā, wahangū
3. (noun) warning sign that a rāhui is in place, sanctuary, resource reserve, temporary prohibition.
Ko te pou rāhui te tohu o te rāhui, he mea pani ki te whero. Hei ētahi wā ka whakairia he kākahu, he hukahuka, he rarauhe rānei hei tohu i te rāhui. He wā ko te rangatira tonu ka whakatau i te rāhui (Te Ara 2013). / A rāhui was often indicated by a post painted red. Sometimes clothing, a lock of hair, or bracken fern might be hung to signal a rāhui. Sometimes a chief would place the rāhui.
Synonyms: whakamaurutanga
2. (verb) (-tia) to name a child using special ritual karakia called tūā, baptise.
Whānau mai ana a Kepa ka tūātia hei Ringatū (TTR 1998:34). / When Kepa was born he was baptised into the Ringatū faith.
Synonyms: iriiri, whakaingoa, tapanga
3. (noun) ritual chants for protection including to facilitate childbirth, in the naming of infants, to ward off illness, catch birds and bring about fine weather.
He karakia anō mō Tāwhirimātea, he tūā mō te rangi (NM 1928:5) / There were ritual chants for Tāwhiri-mātea and ritual chants for the weather.
tūāhu
1. (noun) sacred place for ritual practices by a tohunga, consisting of an enclosure containing a mound (ahu) and marked by the erection of rods (toko) which were used for divination and other mystic rites.
Ka taki te wahine, ka mauria e te tohuka kā mōrehu ki te tūāhu (MT 2011:53). / The woman wept and the survivors were taken by the tohunga to the sacred place for ritual practices.
Kātahi ka titiro ki ngā toko o te tūāhu, ko tā Te Arawa, he mata ngā toko o tana tūāhu, ko tā Tainui, i tunua ki te ahi kia hohoro ai te maroke (NM 1928:64). / Then they looked at the tūāhu (sacred place for ritual practices) and that of Te Arawa, its rods were fresh and green, whereas that of Tainui, theirs had been roasted in the fire in order to speed up the drying process.
Ka mahia he tūāhu ki reira, he mea hāpai tētehi kōhatu ki runga i tētehi kōhatu hoki, ka ingoatia ko Kōhatu-whakairi. He wāhi tapu i te wā i ngā tūpuna (NIT 1995:39). / They made a tūāhu (sacred place for ritual practices) there by placing one stone on another, naming it Kōhatu-whakairi. It was a sacred place in the times of the ancestors.
He maha ngā āhua tūāhu: he tūāhu anō te tūāhu tapatai, he tūāhu anō te ahupuke, he tūāhu anō te tōrino, he tūāhu anō te ahurewa - tēnei tūāhu ka taea te hiki, he tūāhu pai tēnei - me te tūāhu ahurangi he whakaora tangata. Ka taea te hamumu e te tohunga ko tōna ringa tonu he tūāhu mō ōna karakia (JPS 1894:207). / There are many types of tūāhu: the tapatai is one, the ahupuke another, the tōrino another, the ahurewa another - this kind is movable, it is a good one - and there is the tūāhu ahurangi that restores a person to good health. The earth can be removed by the tohunga with his own hands for a tūāhu for reciting his karakia.
hurihanga takapau
1. (noun) ritual performed when warriors return from battle and require the tapu on them to be removed - included the kindling of two fires. One fire, the ahi horokaka was where the priest ate a kūmara and at the ahi ruahine a woman also ate a single kūmara. It was the woman who removed the tapu. This ceremony was accompanied by karakia. The warriors involved did not eat the kūmara.
muru
1. (verb) (-a) to wipe, wipe on, wipe off, rub, rub off, smear, paint, pluck (feathers, etc.).
Ko te waka rā i murua ki te peita mangu (TW 19/10/1878:9/521). / That canoe was painted with black paint.
Synonyms: tā, waituhi, pani, kōmuku, koromuku, kōmuru, kōmukumuku, panipani, peita, hohore, para, kato, kiriūka, ngana, koromaki, kōwhaki, hautoa, muku, mukumuku, kōmuri, kōmeke, kōmekemeke, kōmiri, ūkui, ūkuikui, hūkui, kāuto, aumiri, hikahika, mirimiri, wakuwaku, waku, miri
2. (verb) (-a) to plunder, confiscate, take ritual compensation - an effective form of social control, restorative justice and redistribution of wealth among relatives. The process involved taking all the offending party's goods. The party that had the muru performed on them did not respond by seeking utu. The reasons for a muru included threats to the institution of marriage, accidents that threatened life (e.g. parents' negligence), trampling on tapu, and defeat in war. It could be instituted for intentional or unintentional offences. It only occurred among groups of people who were linked by whakapapa or marriage and linked neighbouring villages in a collective response in the delivery of punishment. The protocols and practices involved would be determined by various factors, including the mana of the victim or offender, the degree of the offence and the intent of the offending party. Before a muru was engaged, the matter of what would be taken would be discussed in detail, as would the size of the taua to perform the muru. Physical violence could occur but generally ended when blood was drawn. A muru sought to redress a transgression with the outcome of returning the affected party back to their original position in society.
Me he rangatira te tangata nōna te pane i morimoria nei, kātahi ka rangona tēnei kupu morimori e whakahuatia ana, mō te morimoringa hoki o te pane tapu o te rangatira nei. Ka tauatia hoki, ka murua ngā taonga, whenua, aha atu rānei, a te tangata nāna i morimori (JPS 1894:28). / If it was a chief whose head was touched, then this word 'morimori' would be used for the action of touching the sacred head of the chief. The person who touched it would be the subject of a hostile party and his goods, land or other property would be plundered.
I tētahi wāhi o Haina e panapana ana te iwi i ngā minita karakia, muru rawa ngā taonga o ngā whare (KO 15/1/1885:2). / In one part of China the people have driven out the church ministers and plundered the possessions of the houses.
Synonyms: hunuhunu, kōhunu, hone, pārure, whakarekereke, romi, marure, mūrei, pāhua, pāhuahua
3. (verb) (-a) to wipe out, forgive, absolve, excuse, pardon, cancel - a modern connotation.
Kei te rapu anō hoki rānei koe kia mātau mehemea kua oti ō hara te muru mō tō tohe tonu ki te inoi, kua hopu rānei koe, he tika kua murua ō hara nō te mea kua pēnā tā te Atua kupu? (THM 1/10/1889:5). / Are you seeking to know if your sins are forgiven because you keep on asking, or is it right that your sins have been forgiven because that is what the word of God says?
4. (verb) (-a) to pluck off (leaves, feathers, etc.).
Ka murua ngā rimurimu, me ngā kohukohu i tōna tinana, ka ora ia i reira (NM 1928:24). / The seaweed and moss were removed from his body and then he revived.
5. (modifier) plundering, looting - especially in seeking ritual compensation.
I a Mita e ngaro ana, ka māuiuitia tana mokopuna, ka mate ki Poihākena. Te hokinga mai, ka tauatia a Mita ki te taua muru i runga i te whakapae nā āna mahi i mate ai tana mokopuna (TTR 1994:126). / While Mita was away his grandson became ill and died in Sydney. On returning here Mita was the subject of a muru party, on the accusation that he had caused his grandchild's death.
6. (modifier) confiscated, plundered.
Kore rawa a Taurua i whakaae kia utua mai ia mō ngā whenua muru (TTR 1990:166). / Taurua never agreed to take any payment for the confiscated land.
7. (noun) confiscation.
I tupea e ia he pōrangi mau pū, i whakaanga atu ia ki ngā rōpū kaipetipeti, me te muru hoki i ngā waipiro takahi i te ture (TTR 1998:9). / He disarmed a deranged gunman, confronted groups of gamblers and confiscated moonshine liquor.
karakia kikokiko
1. malevolent ritual chant.
I hira ake tō rātou mana i tō ngā rangitira o ngā hapū, ā, i te mātūtūtanga o te mate, i hewa ngā tūroro nā ngā karakia kikokiko i ora ai (KO 15/6/1882:6). / Their mana is greater than that of the chiefs of the kinship groups and when convalescing the patients are deluded into thinking that the malevolent ritual chants will heal them.
See also karakia
