rārangi pukapuka
1. (noun) bibliography, references, series of books.
Noho ake ana ko Te Ataarangi hai take whakaatu mai i te pouaka whakaata, ā, kāti hai take mō tētahi rārangi pukapuka, ko Te Reo (1985) te ingoa (TTR 2000:148). / Te Ataarangi was the basis of a television programme and a series of books, called 'Te Reo' (1985).
2. (noun) sequence, order, series.
Ko tāna tikanga raupapa hei whakahaere māna i ngā tauira he pākaha, pērā tonu i te raupapa whakahaere hōia (TTR 1998:175). / His method of maintaining order among his pupils was strict, just like military discipline.
Synonyms: raupapatanga, tono, ngare, ngarengare, whakahauhau, whakahau, whakaraupapa, ōta
3. (noun) flat ground, level surface.
I te taenga atu o Kupe ki Rangiātea, ka ui mai a Ngātoto ki a Kupe, “E Kupe! he aha te āhua o te whenua i kite nā koe? He raupapa rānei, he tuarangaranga rānei; he onetai, he onematua rānei te one.” (JPS 1913:115). / When Kupe reached Rai'atea, Ngātoto asked Kupe, “Kupe! What is the nature of that land you have discovered? Is it flat land, or rough land? Is the soil alluvial soil, or a loamy soil?”
Synonyms: kaupapa
whakapaparanga
1. (noun) layer, series of layers, generation.
E whia kē ngā whakapaparanga o tana iwi o Rangitāne i noho ki Te Manawatū, atu i te awa ki ngā paemaunga o Tararua (TTR 1990:280). / His tribe, Rangitāne, had lived for many generations in the Manawatū district, from the river to the Tararua Range.
Synonyms: mātā, kaupapa, kahupapa, apaapa, apa, papanga, paparanga
2. (noun) level, story.
Ko ngā rūma moe kei ngā whakapaparanga o runga, kei raro ko ngā rūma kai, horoi, me ētahi o ngā rūma mō ngā karaihe (TTT 1/4/1924:21). / The dormitories are on the upper stories and below are the dining rooms, wash rooms and some rooms for classes.
Synonyms: paparite, papatairite, apaapa, pātiki, kōeke, kōeketanga, paparanga, apa, kaupae, taumata, tautika, whakatūpā, tūpā, papatahi
raupapatanga hohe
1. (noun) reactivity series.
Ko te raupapatanga hohe: He raupapatanga o tētahi rōpū konganuku, mai i te mea kāore e tino tauhohe ki te mea e kaha ana te tauhohe, mēnā ka noho tahi me tētahi pūmatū hohe pērā i te wai, te hāora, te waikawa rānei (RP 2009:367). / Reactivity series: The arrangement of a group of metals in a sequence from very unreactive to those that react strongly with a reactant, such as oxygen, water or acid. (RP 2009:367).
raupapatanga
1. (noun) sequence, series, succession.
He raupapatanga ororongo a Roadside Stories e pā ana ki ngā rohe o Aotearoa (Te Ara 2015). / Roadside Stories is a series of audio clips about the regions of New Zealand.
Synonyms: whakaraupapa, raupapa
pae
1. (verb) (pāea) to be cast ashore, aground, stranded, wrecked, lie across, surround with a border, horizontal.
Ka kitea te ika moana e pae ana i uta (W 1971:76). / The whale was found stranded on the shore.
Synonyms: tarapiki
2. (verb) (pāea) to demolish, throw down.
Ka pāea te whare, ka tahuna te whare (Tr 1874:49). / The house was demolished and burnt.
3. (verb) (pāea) to measure the circumference (of a tree).
Ka pāea te rākau rā (W 1971:245). / The circumference of that tree was measured.
4. (noun) horizon, perch, rest, orators' bench, orators, transverse supports of the floor of a canoe, step (of a ladder or staircase), shelf, bar (computer) - anything horizontal.
Kei te whakamoemiti atu te manu meroiti nei ki ētahi o ana kaitautoko e whiu mai nei i ngā hua kāramuramu hei oranga mōna kia kaha ai tana korokī i runga i tōna pae (KO 15/5/1885:4). / This small bird is thanking some of its sponsers who have tossed some karamū berries as sustenance so that its call on its perch will be loud.
Synonyms: tau, paenga, pae, whakanā, whakangā, whakatā, taupua, tā, whakamatua, tāoki, okioki
5. (noun) range (series of mountains).
Kia tae koe ki te whā o ngā pae, ka noho ki te whakatā i tō manawa (TP 6/1909:5). / When you reach the fourth range, sit down and rest.
6. (noun) region, direction, vicinity, area.
Ka hemo i te kai, ka haere ki ngā pae o ngā umu rā, hamuhamu ai, ka kite i te mānga aruhe e takoto ana, ka noho, ka kai (TP 6/1909:3). / Being hungry she went to the vicinity of those ovens to scavenge food and when she saw the leftover fern-root lying there, she sat down and ate.
7. (noun) circumference - measured by māro with the arms extended.
He rākau nui, e toru te pae (W 1971:244). / A large tree measuring three fathoms in circumference (W 1971:244).
8. (noun) gums (of the mouth).
Ki te kore e āta horoia ngā niho me ngā pae, tērā pea ka pā he mate ki ngā pae - ka pupuhi, ka wherowhero, ka mamae, ā, ka keha anō te hā (HJ 2012:262). / If the teeth and gums aren't cleaned properly, problems might occur with the gums - they'll swell, become red and painful, and the breath will be foul-smelling.
raraunga houanga
1. (noun) time series data.
Ko ngā raraunga houanga ngā raraunga ka hua mai i te ine i tētahi āhuatanga i te takanga o te wā. Ka whakaatu ēnei momo raraunga i te rerekē haere o tētahi āhuatanga i te takanga o te wā. Hei tauira, ko te ine i te tāroaroa me te taumaha o tētahi pēpi i ia wiki (TRP 2010:229). / Time series data is data which arises from measuring something at intervals of time. This type of data shows how something changes over time. For example, the length and weight of a baby is measured every week (TRP 2010:229).
kōpūtea
1. (noun) giant bully, Gobiomorphus gobioides - stocky fish with large head, two separate dorsal fins, strong body scales, and pelvic fins located forwards beneath the gill openings. Very dark, often black with irregular, golden olive lines on cheeks and a linear series of small, golden speckles on each flank. An endemic fish widespread in esturine and coastal waters of the North and South Islands. Rarely moves more than 2 km inland. Emerges at night to feed.
See also kōkopu
2. (noun) Crans' bully, Gobiomorphus basalis - an endemic fish restricted to stoney riverbeds and streams of the North Island. Body moderately stout and stocky.
See also kōkopu
kōkuhu
1. (verb) (-a,-na,-tia) to insert, introduce, intrude (into a series or company).
Ki te kīia tō reo e te reo kōkuhu he ngoikore, i te mea kāore e taea e ia te ao hou te kōrero, me kī atu koe, "Aua atu. Hei aha mā mātou." (HM 2/2009:10). / If it is stated by the introduced language that your language is weak, that it's not able to talk about the modern world, you should say, "So what. That doesn't matter to us."
2. (verb) (-a,-tia) give secretly, give quietly, give surreptitiously - used of giving koha in person directly and unobtrusively to the rangatira or a member of the bereaved family at a hui or tangihanga.
I ētahi wā kua heria hunatia atu te whakaaro ki te wharemate. Ko tērā whakaaro mā te kirimate. Kāore he whaipānga atu o te marae ki tērā whakaaro. I ētahi wā kua kōkuhutia atu te whakaaro ki roto i te ringa o te rangatira o te tangata whenua i te wā e ohaoha ana, e rūrū ana rānei (TWK 39:16). / Sometimes the gift is taken secretly to the people in the place where the body lies. That gift is for the bereaved family. The marae has no claim on that gift. Sometimes the gift is given surreptitiously into the hand of the leader of the local people at the time when they are each other or shaking hands.
See also koha
3. (modifier) surreptitiously, furtively, secretly, covertly.
Kāore rānei ngā Māori kōpūrua e haere kōkuhu atu ki taua takiwā tapu ki te hari atu i ana hani whakamate? (KO 15/1/1885:8). / Will the vacillating Māori go surreptitiously to that area of prohibition to take his destructive weapon?
Synonyms: tārehu, torohū, toropuku, whakamokeke, muna, ngaro, tōngā, hū, puku
4. (noun) insertion, insert.
Ka taea anō te whai i te tikanga o ngā tauira o runga ake nei, me te kōkuhu atu i te ‘kore’ ki roto (HKK 1999:83). / The use of the pattern above can also be used with the insertion of 'kore'.
Paki o Matariki, Te
1. 'The widespread calm of Pleiades - the name of the coat of arms of the Kīngitanga which was designed by two Tainui tohunga, Tīwai Parāone of the Hauraki tribes and Te Aokatoa of the Waikato and Raukawa tribes. The work was approved in the time of King Tāwhiao, the second Māori king. The double spiral in the centre represents the creation with the series of strokes between the double lines marking off the various stages in the creation of the world. The figure on the right represents te atuatanga (spirituality) and the one on the left aituā (misfortune). The cross with the heart design represents Christianity while the seven stars represent Matariki, the Pleiades. The nīkau tree and harakeke plant on the right represent housing and clothing of the ancient Māori. The mamaku, an edible tree fern, and para, the tuber of which was used as food, are symbolic of the food of the Māori.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 1;)
Hei tohu i te mana me te awe hoki o Mere Rikiriki, i tāpaetia atu ai e Kīngi Tāwhiao he haki māna, e mau nei te īngoa ko 'E Te Iwi Kia Ora'; kātahi te taonga matahīapo ko tēnei; ko ōna tino tohu ko Te Paki o Matariki (TTR 1996:171). / Mere Rikiriki's influence and mana is demonstrated by King Tawhiao's presentation to her of the flag with the name 'E Te Iwi Kia Ora'; this was a prized treasure with significant markings known as Te Paki o Matariki.
māruru
1. (noun) giant bully, Gobiomorphus gobioides - stocky fish with large head, two separate dorsal fins, strong body scales, and pelvic fins located forwards beneath the gill openings. Very dark, often black with irregular, golden olive lines on cheeks and a linear series of small, golden speckles on each flank. An endemic fish widespread in esturine and coastal waters of the North and South Islands. Rarely moves more than 2 km inland. Emerges at night to feed.
See also kōkopu
2. (noun) Crans' bully, Gobiomorphus basalis - an endemic fish restricted to stoney riverbeds and streams of the North Island. Body moderately stout and stocky.
See also kōkopu
2. (noun) speckled variety of greenstone.
3. (noun) sea mouse, Lepidonotus polychroma - an oval worm with two series of overlapping plates or scales down the back and numerous pairs of tufted bristles extending sideways from the under surface of the body. Dull brownish colour about 75 mm long. Found half buried in mud or under stones at low tide in southern parts of Aotearoa/New Zealand.
toitoi
1. (noun) giant bully, Gobiomorphus gobioides and other species of bully - stocky fish with large heads, two separate dorsal fins, strong body scales, and pelvic fins located forwards beneath the gill openings. Giant bully is very dark, often black with irregular, golden olive lines on cheeks and a linear series of small, golden speckles on each flank. An endemic fish widespread in esturine and coastal waters of the North and South Islands. Rarely moves more than 2 km inland. Emerges at night to feed.
Ka nui te whaikōrero, ka tukua te kai, arā, te tuna, te inanga, te kōura, te toitoi (JPS 1901:74). / After a lot of speech-making, food was presented, that is eels, whitebait, crayfish and giant bully.
See also kōkopu
2. (noun) common bully, Gobiomorphus cotidianus - an endemic fish found throughout streams and waterways of Aotearoa/New Zealand. Body moderately stout and head bluntly pointed.
See also tīpokopoko
3. (noun) Cook's turban shell, Cookia sulcata - a large, round, heavy univalve that lives under rocks just below low tide.
See also kāeo
Synonyms: karahiwa, kararuri, karekawa, kawari, koeo, koeti, koriakai, korohiwa, korona, kororiwha, kūpā, marapeka, matamatangongo, mātangata, matatangata, kōramu, matapura, tōrire, hānea, kurewha, tākupu, pipi taiari, rehoreho, rereho, taiwhatiwhati, takarape, tanetane, tāwiri, torewai, tungangi, uere, wahawaha, wētiwha, whētikotiko, karahū, tohemanga, pure, tairaki, ngūpara, pipi tairaki, kuharu, kūkuku, kūkukuroa, kukupati, pūkanikani, papahurihuri, hākari, poua, rerekākara, tio, tikoaka, toheroa, tuangi, tuangi haruru, kaitua, kākara, miware, mitimiti, pūpū, ngārahu tatawa, ngārahu taua, peke, ataata, kaitangata, pūpū kōrama, pūpū atamarama, tihipu, tihi, tio para, tio repe, tipa, totoro, totorere, tuatua, tupa, toretore, ngākihi, ngaingai, kākahi, taiawa, rūharu, tūpere, kuhakuha, ngaere, ngākihi hahae, kukupara, ngākihi awaawa, kuku-mau-toka, ngākihi tea, niania, matangongore, matangārahu, maurea, mimiti, karehu, tītiko, ngāruru, ngaeti, papatua, karoro, waharoa, ururoa, wahanui, ngāeo, pipi, tūteure, ngākihi hiwihiwi, ngākihi kopia, papatai, hahari, hohehohe, hūai, kōmore, pātitotito, pātiotio, peraro, pūkauri, pūpū karikawa, pūpū harakeke, pūpū māeneene, pūpū tuatea, pūpū waharoa, pūpū waitai, pūtātara, purewha, pūrimu, ruheruhe, takarepo, takai, tākai, tūroro, piritoka, pōrohe, kahitua, angarite, awatai, hauwai, harihari, hihiwa, hinangi, hoehoe, hopetea, kāeo, whāngai karoro, pīpipi, pūpū rore, pūpū taratara, pāua, poro, tātara, pūpū tarataratea, whētiko, koio, kōrama, karariwha
4. (noun) white-breasted North Island tomtit, Petroica macrocephala toitoi - a little black-and-white bird with a large head and short tail. Lives in forest and scrub.
See also miromiro
Synonyms: kikitori, kōmiromiro, māuipōtiki, pipitore, pipitori, pīmiromiro, pīngirungiru, pīmirumiru, pīrangirangi, miromiro, hōmiromiro
5. (noun) brown creeper, Mohoua novaeseelandiae - a small endemic forest bird of the South Island and Stewart Island, reddish-brown crown, rump and tail, ash-grey on face and neck, and light buff underparts. Usually found in small, fast-moving noisy flocks high in the canopy.
See also pīpipi
Synonyms: tītirihika, pipirihika, pīpipi
kōkopu
1. (noun) banded kōkopu, cockabully, Galaxias fasciatus, whitebait - small, blunt-nosed, endemic freshwater fish that is slender, lacks scales and carries a dorsal fin set far to the rear. Head and body dark brown to olive-green with narrow polar bars crossing flanks and continuous across back. Widespread in forested areas. Capable of climbing moist vertical faces. The juvenile form is called whitebait.
E kīia ana, kua tae mai ngā ika o Karapōnia, e kīa nei, he tarauta (e pēnei ana me te kōkopu wai māori a te Māori) ā kua tukua atu aua ika ki tētahi o ngā roto i Waikato (TW 2/11/1878:546). / It is reported that fish from California have arrived, which are called trout (and are like the Maori’s fresh water kōkopu) and those fish have been released in one of the lakes in Waikato.
Synonyms: kōriwhariwha, kōawheawhe, kōkopuruao, kōkopu taiwhara, kōpakopako, para, parakeke, ruao, ruwao, moruru
2. (noun) large species of eel.
Nō te tau 1965 ka kōrero te kaumātua rā a Tame Saunders mō ngā momo tuna heke, rere kotahi katoa ai tēnā momo tuna, tēnā momo tuna, tēnā momo tuna: tuatahi ko ngā hao (30 henemita te roa), whai muri ko ngā riko (he kākāriki te tuarā, kotahi mita te roa), ngā paranui (he pango te tae, he kiri mātotoru), kātahi ngā tuna kōkopu (tae ki te 1.8 mita te roa, hāwhe koma-mano te taumaha) (Te Ara 2013). / Tame Saunders, an elder, described in 1965 how the different types of eels came down in the same order: first the hao (king eels, about 30 centimetres long), then the riko (greenish-backed eels, about a metre long), then the paranui (dark, with thick skins), and finally the kōkopu tuna (up to 1.8 metres long and weighing just under 30 kilograms).
Synonyms: riko
3. (noun) variety of greenstone like tōtōweka but with smaller regular dots like the freshwater fish called kōkopu.
4. (noun) bullhead, bullies, Gobiomorphus spp. - a small, blunt-headed, sluggish, endemic freshwater fish.
5. (noun) giant bully, Gobiomorphus gobioides - stocky fish with large head, two separate dorsal fins, strong body scales, and pelvic fins located forwards beneath the gill openings. Very dark, often black with irregular, golden olive lines on cheeks and a linear series of small, golden speckles on each flank. An endemic fish widespread in esturine and coastal waters of the North and South Islands. Rarely moves more than 2 km inland. Emerges at night to feed.
