2. (modifier) traditional tattooing.
Ka mauria te tohunga tā moko nei e Ngā Puhi mai i Hauraki ki te Tai Tokerau (TWK 51:10). / This tattooing expert was taken by Ngā Puhi from Hauraki to Northland.
3. (noun) traditional tattooing - Māori tattooing designs on the face or body done under traditional protocols.
He tohunga nō neherā mō ngā mahi whakapaipai i te tangata, mō te tā moko, mō te aha (M 2004:62). / An ancient expert in the art of personal decoration, of traditional tattooing and other arts.
whakauru
1. (verb) (-a,-hia,-ngia,-tia) to insert, put in, enter, apply, enrol, introduce, include, substitute.
Ko ngā purei Ingarihi kua whakaurua ki roto ki ngā tamariki, ā ahuareka rawa ana rātou ki ngā mahi kiriketi, pōro, aha atu (TWMNT 13/1/1874:11). / English games have been introduced among the children, and they really like cricket, football, and other games.
2. (verb) to form an alliance, join, ally oneself with.
Whakauru mai ana hoki ngā hapū e whā o Heretaunga i raro i tō rātou rangatira, i a Te Hāpuku (TTR 1990:204). / The four hapū of Hawke's Bay also formed an alliance under their chief, Te Hāpuku.
Synonyms: haumi, honohono, pūtahi, tūhono, tūhonohono, kuhukuhu, whakakapiti, porotūtaki, porotūtataki, uhono, hono, tāpiri, pāhekoheko, hiki, tūhoto, uru, whakamoemoe, whakatapoko
3. (modifier) admission, entrance, enrolling.
Ko te karakia whakauru mō ngā mema me whakahaere i roto i te whare karakia (TP 10/1910:4). / The admission service for the members should be held in the church.
4. (noun) enrolment, registration, admission, entry, participation.
Synonyms: whakaurunga, rēhita, rēhitatanga
5. (noun) membership.
Ko te whakauru ki taua karapu me ngau te tangata ki te paepae hamuti, kātahi anō ka mana ki te whai kī i roto i taua whakaminenga (TTT 1/2/1927:533). / For the membership of that club a person must undertake an initiation ritual and only then is he able to have speaking rights in that assembly.
Synonyms: mematanga
6. (noun) ally.
Ka whakakaongia e Te Waharoa tāna ope taua, o Ngāti Hauā, o Ngāti Maniapoto, o Waikato; kātahi, ka haere ki te whakapā atu ki ōna whakauru o Ngāi Te Rangi i Tauranga (TTR 1990:2). / Te Waharoa gathered together his army of Ngāti Hauā, Ngāti Maniapoto and Waikato warriors and then went to join his Ngāi Te Rangi allies at Tauranga.
rongoā
1. (verb) (-tia) to treat, apply medicines.
Nō te taenga ki taua moutere ka atawhaitia e ngā mihinare, ka rongoātia, ka whāngaia ki ngā kai papai, ā kāhore i roa kua ora (TWMNT 18/6/1823:66). / When they arrived at that island they were looked after by the missionaries, treated and fed with healthy food, and it wasn't long before they were well.
2. (verb) (-tia) to preserve.
I rongoatia tōna tinana e ōna tāngata; i panipania katoatia ki te tote, muri iho tekau mā rua ngā rangi e whakamaroketia ana ki te rā (TWMNT 16/6/1874:148). / His followers preserved his body, smearing it all with salt, and then it was dried in the sun for twelve days.
Synonyms: whakauka, whakatote, rokiroki, tohu, tohutohu, rarawe, whakapounamu
3. (noun) remedy, medicine, drug, cure, medication, treatment, solution (to a problem), tonic.
(Te Māhuri Video Tapes (Ed. 1): 2;)
I whakaatu anō ia i te āhua o te taipō pīwa, te pūtake mai me te rongoā (TP 5/1901:11). / He gave instruction on the nature of typhoid fever, the origin and the cure.
Synonyms: whakaora
whakahāngai
1. (verb) (-hia,-tia) to lie something across, at right angles, astride.
Ko te pūwerewere. He tāruarua te noho whakahāngai o ētahi hahae e toru, e whā rānei, ki roto i tētahi awaawa āhua whānui nei (RTA 2014:210). / The pūwerewere carving design. A repetition of three or four cuts lying at right angles in a quite wide groove.
2. (verb) (-hia,-tia) to apply, implement, put into practice, practise, update, make relevant.
I te wā o te Pakanga Tuarua ko Rotohiko tonu tētehi o ngā kaihanga o te kaupapa a Te Meihana ki te whakahāngai ake i te Ture Kaunihera Māori (TTR 1998:69). / During the Second World War, Rotohiko himself was one of the architects of Mason's scheme to update the Māori Councils Act.
Synonyms: haratau, parakitihi, whakaakoako, mahi, akoako, whakaharatau, whakawai
tā
1. (verb) (-ia,-ngia) to dump, strike, beat, thump, throw down, tackle.
Ka tāia ia ki raro, ka mekea te whatu, ka natia te kakī, heke ana mai te toto i te ihu, i te waha (TP 9/1911:11). / He was thrown down, punched in the eye, strangled and blood flowed from his nose and mouth.
See also tānga
2. (verb) (-ia) to apply moko, tattoo.
Tika tonu mātou ki te whare hei kākahutanga i ō mātou kahu Māori, e takatū ana mō te haka, tā rawa te kanohi ki te moko (TP 1/12/1902:3). / We went straight to the house to change into our Māori costumes, prepare for the performance and apply the moko to our faces.
3. (verb) (-ia) to paint.
Ka wehi taua iwi ki ōna kanohi ānō i tāia ki te tākou te whero (NM 1928:11). / The tribe was afraid of his eyes, it was as if they had been painted red with red ochre.
4. (verb) (-ia) to print, publish.
I tāia anō te waiata nei i te tau 1856 e Shortland ki tana pukapuka: 'Traditions and Superstitions' (M 2004:112). / This song was also published by Shortland in his book: 'Traditions and Superstitions'.
Synonyms: kāone, mātātuhi, perehi, hāraunga, whakakawenata, paki, whakaputa, whakaputaputa, pānui
5. (verb) (-ia,-ngia) to carve, cut, etch, fashion.
He pounamu, he aurei, i hoatu e te tangata ki te tohunga kia tāia, arā kia hangā hei matau (W 1971:354). / Greenstone and cloak pins were given by the person to the expert to be carved, that is to be made into fish hooks.
6. (verb) (-ia,-ngia) to whip (a spinning top).
E kī ana a Te Matorohanga i tākaro rawa hoki ngā atua, i tā pōtaka, i neti, i whai, i tākaro i ērā atu tākaro (TTT 1/9/1923:8). / Te Mātorohanga says that the atua also played games, whipping tops, toy darts of flax strips, string games and other games.
7. (verb) (-ngia) to bail (water out of a canoe).
8. (verb) (-ia) to be overcome (by sleep) - only used in the passive form.
9. (noun) tattooing.
He toka tapu a Pōhaturoa nō Ngāti Awa, he tūāhu tuku iho mō ngā karakia mō te whakawhānau tamariki, mō te mate, mō te pakanga, mō te tā moko me ētahi atu tikanga whai hua ki a Ngāti Awa (TTR 1998:178). / Pōhaturoa was a sacred rock where ceremonies of birth, death, war, tattooing and other important matters to Ngāti Awa were performed.
10. (noun) whip for a spinning top.
Ka whakamahia he miro harakeke ki te takahurihuri i te pōtaka. Ka kīia tērā taputapu, he tā. Ka tākaitia te pōtaka ki te tā, ā, ka hihiko te kukume, koirā hei takahurihuri i te pōtaka. Kātahi ka tāia haerehia kia hurihuri tonu (RMR 2017). / Flax strands are made to spin the spinning top. That piece of equipment is called a tā. The whip is wound around the spinning top and then it is pulled energetically. That is what rotates the spinning top. Then the top is whipped so that it continues rotating.
11. (noun) maul, mallet.
Ko te tā me ngā whao ngā tino taputapu a te kaiwhakairo (PK 2008:801). / The mallet and chisels are the main implements of the carver.
Synonyms: kuru, ketuketutanga, kaunuku, mōro
2. (verb) (-a,-na) to avenge, take revenge, take vengeance.
Ka ngakia tērā mate, ka hinga a Ngāti Rangiwewehi (TTR 1990:9). / That death was avenged when Ngāti Rangiwewehi were defeated.
3. (verb) (-a,-tia) to apply oneself to, occupy oneself intently with, strive for, make every effort, endeavour, take advantage of enthusiastically.
I ngā tekau tau atu i 1870 i kaha ake te whakawhānui haere mai o te mahi tūruhi, ā, ngakia ake ana te manawareka o te hunga whakaeke e mīharo nei ki te taiao (TTR 1996:230). / During the 1870s, tourism expanded rapidly with local Māori enthusiastically taking advantage of the interest shown by visitors in their natural environment.
4. (modifier) weeding, cultivating, planting.
Kātahi ka whakawhiti taonga a Te Mātenga rāua ko Turikatuku: ka riro i a Turikatuku he hetiheti rino, ka hoatu ki a Te Mātenga te kō ngaki māra a Turikatuku (TTR 1990:378). / Then Marsden and Turikatuku exchanged tools: Turikatuku received an iron hoe and Marsden was given Turikatuku's garden cultivation tool.
5. (modifier) vengeful, retaliatory, revengeful.
Kua mate noa ake au i te aroha ki a Puhihuia. Engari, ki te mea ka riro ia i a au ka waiho hei take ngaki mate mō tātou. He puhi ia, he tapu hoki (TWK 2:26). / I am deeply in love with Puhihuia. But if I take her it will become a matter of revenge against us. She is a puhi and is tapu.
Synonyms: rautipu
6. (noun) weeding, cultivating, clearing.
Tīhema. Ko ngā mahi mō tēnei marama, rite tahi ana ki ō tērā kua pahemo atu rā, arā, te mahi kāri, te whakatō purapura, te ngaki otaota, te hanga taiepa, te kāta rākau, te waruwaru i ngā hipi, me te whakamaroke i ngā tarutaru hei kai mā te hōiho (TKM.MM 16/12/1861:20). / December. The work for this month is the same as that for the one just passed, that is, working the garden, planting out seeds, weeding, erecting fences, carting wood, shearing the sheep, and making hay as food for the horses.
7. (noun) revenge, vengeance, retaliation, reprisal, retribution.
Ka whānau rā tana tamaiti i huaina nei ko Tūwhakairiora, i tohia nei, mai rānō i tōna kopū, mō te ngaki i te mate o tana pāpā, o Poroumātā (RK 1994:160). / When her son was born he was named Tūwhakairiora, who was dedicated from the time he was in her womb to the vengeance of the death of her father, Poroumātā.
Synonyms: ngakinga, rautipu, utu, rautupu, whakakaitoa, uto, utunga, whakarite
whakatapoko
1. (verb) (-na,-ngia) to cause to enter, go into.
Ka mutu ngā kōrero ki a Te Paranihi, ka whakatapoko ki roto o Raukawa whare ki te tina tahi ki a Te Paranihi rāua ko tōna hekeretari (KO 15/2/1886:8). / When the discussions with Mr Ballance ended, they went into Raukawa house to have lunch together with Mr Ballance and his secretary.
2. (verb) (-na,-ngia) to turn into (a port).
Ka kite rātou i Te Awa-a-te-atua, ka whakatapoko ki roto, ka ū ki te taha ki runga o Niao, ka tōia ki uta (JPS 1893:223). / When they discovered the Te Awa-a-te-atua river, they entered it, and landed above Niao, where the canoe was dragged up on shore.
3. (verb) (-na,-ngia) to enrol, join, register.
Ka whakatapoko mai a Ira ki roto i taku hāhi, nō te mea he minita au (HP 1991:254). / Ira joined my church because I was a minister.
Synonyms: mita, momo reo, rēhita, pukapuka rēhita, hiki, tūhoto, uru, whakamoemoe, haumi, honohono, pūtahi, tūhono, tūhonohono, hono, whakakapiti, porotūtaki, porotūtataki, uhono, kuhukuhu, tāpiri, whakauru, pāhekoheko
4. (modifier) entering, applying.
E 70 ngā ingoa o ngā taitama whakatapoko mō te tono whenua (TTT 1/2/1929:929). / There were 70 names of youths applying for land allocations.
5. (noun) entry, admission, entrance, access, application.
Ko taku tau tuatoru ki te kura, ka whakaaehia au e te upoko kia whakamātautauria mō te whakatapoko ki roto i te whare wānanga (HP 1991:40). / In my third year at the school the headmaster gave me permission to sit the examination to enter university (matriculation).
panipani
1. (verb) (-a) to smear, spread (anything upon something else), daub, paint.
E mea tonu ana rātou me ū tātou ki ngā whakatūpato mō ngā hihi kino o te rā, arā me mau mōhiti ārai hihirā, me panipani hoki ngā wāhi katoa o te tinana (ka kitea) ki te pani ārai hihirā (HM 1/1993). / They are still saying that we must continue with the precautions about the harmful rays of the sun, namely wearing sun glasses and smearing all exposed parts of the body with sunblock.
2. (modifier) smearing, spreading, applying (e.g. as ointment).
Ka whakanehua te kōkōwai, ka konatu ki te hinu mangō kia puta ai te hōrū panipani (Te Ara 2016). / The red ochre was ground to a powder and mixed with shark oil to form a red ochre paint.
3. (noun) smearing, spreading, applying, painting.
Mehemea ki te tata ki te hāora e poi ana, ka terehi katoa ngā wahine, me te panipani anō i a rātou ki te ngārahu pango. Ko te panipani te tohu pakanga mō ngā wā o mua (TP 1/1908:6). / If it was near the hour to perform the poi, all the women dressed and smeared black ash on themselves. The painting was a sign of battle in former times.
Synonyms: pikitia, peitatanga
4. (noun) cream, cosmetics, make-up - any soft substance that is applied to the body, etc.
Ko ngā whakapaipai mō te kapa haka, ko ngā momo panipani kāore e waiwai i te hekenga werawera o te kaihaka (RMR 2017). / The embellishments for a haka group are the types of cosmetics that don't run when the performers perspire.
tāpi
1. (verb) (-a,-tia) to apply (as dressings to a wound).
Ka haere te wahine ki te rama ika, ka hoki mai ki uta, ka whawhati i ngā rau otaota, ka tunu ki te ahi, kātahi ka tāpi ki ngā waewae hai whakaora i ōna waewae i te ngaunga a te kōhatu (W 1971:383). / The woman went fishing by torchlight and when she returned to shore she broke off some leaves of vegetation, cooked then in a fire, then applied them to her feet to heal the damage done to them by the stones.
2. (noun) dressing, sticking plaster.
2. (noun) adornment, cosmetics, make-up.
Ka noho ki te kāinga, kāore e pania te kanohi ki te whakanako, kia puta ki te tāone, he pani ngutu anake te whakanako (PK 2008:1106). / When I stay at home I don't apply make-up, but should I go to town lipstick is the only cosmetic I use.
2. (modifier) Māori.
Kai tēnei reanga te oranga o te reo Māori me ngā tamariki e whakaakona ana e rātau ki te reo (Kāretu 2015). / The health of the Māori language is with this generation and the children being taught the language by them.
3. (noun) Māori, indigenous New Zealander, indigenous person of Aotearoa/New Zealand - a new use of the word resulting from Pākehā contact in order to distinguish between people of Māori descent and the colonisers.
I akona te reo Māori e ia nō te mea he ngākaunui ia ki te Māori (HP 1991:27). / He learnt the Māori language because he was kindly disposed towards Māori people.
See also māori
tono
1. (verb) (-a,-ngia) to request, send, ask for, apply for, order, demand, bid, command.
He mea peita anō hoki e ia, ā he utu tika tāna utu i tono ai mō āna mahi (TW 28/8/1875:170). / They were also painted by him and the price he asked was right for his work.
Synonyms: ōta, ngare, ngarengare, whakahauhau, whakahau, whakaraupapa, raupapa, tunga, tuku, unga, inoi, tare, tonotono, tononga
2. (verb) (-a,-ngia) to commission (a piece of art).
I tonoa ia e Waka Rererangi Aotearoa kia waihangahia he tohu hei tā ki ō rātou waka rererangi (RTP 2015:116). / She was commissioned by Air New Zealand to create a logo to paint on their planes.
3. (noun) application, invitation, request, claim, tender.
I tae mai te tono a ngā tāngata o Karioi ki ngā tāngata o Moawhango kia haere atu ki reira ki te pūrei whutupōro (TJ 2/2/1899:10). / A request arrived from the people of Karioi to the people of Moawhango to go there to play rugby.
4. (noun) commission (a piece of art).
He mea kirimana te tono kia hangaia e ia te whakapakoko hei whakatū ki waho i te whare hou (RTP 2015:116). / The commission was a contract for him to create a figure to stand outside the new building.
pani
1. (verb) (-a) to smear, spread (anything upon something else), daub, paint, polish.
Ina pania te parāoa ki te tiamu kia tere tonu te whawhao i te parāoa ki roto o te waha; ki te kore ka kapi katoa te parāoa i te rango (TTT 1/9/1931:39). / When the bread is spread with jam quickly put it into your mouth; if you don't the bread will be covered with blowflies.
Synonyms: waituhi, muru, panipani, peita, tā, whakapai ake, whakapīratarata, waku, wakuwaku, whakamahine, whakamaheni, whakakanapa, whakapīata, whakapīrata, pārihi, parakena, aumiri
2. (modifier) smearing, spreading, applying (e.g. as ointment).
Ko ia anō hoki ki te toha rongoā atu mō ngā mate itiiti noa nei, pērā i tētahi rongoā pani i mahia mai e ia i te pūngāwhā me te hinu, hei pani i ngā mate pēnei i te ipuipu nei (TTR 2000:95). / She also dispensed medicines for minor illness, such as an ointment made from sulphur and oil for open sores.
3. (noun) smearing, spreading, applying.
Ka whakaorangia ēnei mate mā te pani i ngā taotūtanga o te tinana ki te tarawai (Te Ara 2016). / These problems were healed by applying plant sap on the wounds of the body.
2. (modifier) repaying, paying, responding, avenging, replying.
I waiatatia ai e Matangi-hauroa te waiata nei ki a Te Whatanui e whai ana kia oho te iwi o Te Whatanui kia haere ki te rapu utu mō te parekura (M 2004:298). / This song was sung by Matangi-hauroa to Te Whatanui with the object of rousing Te Whatanui's people to go and seek revenge for the defeat.
Synonyms: whakautu
3. (noun) revenge, vengeance, retaliation, payback, retribution, cost, price, wage, fee, payment, salary, reciprocity - an important concept concerned with the maintenance of balance and harmony in relationships between individuals and groups and order within Māori society, whether through gift exchange or as a result of hostilities between groups. It is closely linked to mana and includes reciprocation of kind deeds as well as revenge. While particular actions required a response, it was not necessary to apply utu immediately. The general principles that underlie utu are the obligations that exist between individuals and groups. If social relations are disturbed, utu is a means of restoring balance. Gift exchange, a major component of utu, created reciprocal obligations on the parties involved and established permanent and personal relationships. Traditionally utu between individuals and groups tended to escalate. Just as feasts were likely to increase in grandeur as an exchange relationship developed over time, so could reciprocal acts of vengeance intensify. Utu was not necessarily applied to the author of the affront, but affected the whole group. Thus utu could be gained through a victory over a group where only the most tenuous of links connected the source of the affront with the target of the utu. Any deleterious external influence could weaken the psychological state of the individual or group, but utu could reassert control over the influences and restore self-esteem and social standing. Suicide could even reassert control by demonstrating that one had control over one's fate, and was a way of gaining utu against a spouse or relative where direct retaliation was not possible. Such indirect utu often featured within kin groups.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 48;)
He mea peita anō hoki e ia, ā he utu tika tāna utu i tono ai mō āna mahi (TW 28/8/1875:170). / They were also painted by him and the price he asked was right for his work.
See also utu ā-hāora
Synonyms: utu kaimahi, whakakaitoa, uto, rautupu, utu ā-tau, utunga, moni utu, paremata, homaitanga, hoatutanga, tauutuutu, ngakinga, whakarite, ngaki, rautipu
4. (noun) compensation, recompense, reparation.
Ka taea anō te whakarite tētahi utu mehemea kua pā tētahi tino mate ki ngā tāngata tika ki te whenua (RT 2013:99). / Compensation can be arranged if a serious problem has affected the people who have rights to the land.
Synonyms: whakaea, paremata, moni whakaea
e [tama] (mā) (e)
1. good heavens boy! good heavens! far out! for goodness sake! goodness me! oh dear - used with terms of address (e.g. tama, kui, tama, hine, koro, hoa, hika, etc.) this idiom has many variations but, with the appropriate intonation, can be used to show surprise, amazement, disbelief, disagreement, dislike of an activity, disappointment, or support. The optional second e strengthens the meaning, while mā is always used when the idiom applies to more than one person and it may be used when not applying it to a person.
Heoi anō, i tētahi o ngā kāinga i patapataihia e au i Te Waiharakeke, ka pātōtō atu, nō te huakanga mai, e tama, ko taku tungāne tonu tērā e tū mai ana i te kūaha! (HKK 1999:119). / However, at one of the homes that I was interviewing at at Te Waiharakeke, I knocked on the door and when it opened, goodness me, it was my own brother standing there at the door!
Pare: Mīere katoa te tīma poikiri o Argentina i te tīma Wīwī. Rangi: E hoa mā e! (HKK 1999:119). / Pare: Argentina's soccer team was thrashed by the French team. Rangi: Good heavens!
E ta, me aroha atu ngā tāngata pērā (HKK 1999:121). / Oh dear, we must feel sorry for people like that.
See also e hika
Synonyms: auē taukuri ē
2. (modifier) English, foreign, European, exotic - introduced from or originating in a foreign country.
E ai ki tā Te Hōtereni, kua tū Pākehā, kua tino matatau ki te reo Pākehā (TTR 1990:106). / According to Edward Shortland, he had become European and very proficient in the English language.
3. (noun) New Zealander of European descent - probably originally applied to English-speaking Europeans living in Aotearoa/New Zealand. According to Mohi Tūrei, an acknowledged expert in Ngāti Porou tribal lore, the term is a shortened form of pakepakehā, which was a Māori rendition of a word or words remembered from a chant used in a very early visit by foreign sailors for raising their anchor (TP 1/1911:5). Others claim that pakepakehā was another name for tūrehu or patupairehe. Despite the claims of some non-Māori speakers, the term does not normally have negative connotations.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 128-138;)
Te rongonga o te Māori i te reo kihi, hoihoi, o Kāpene Kuki rātou ko ōna hōia ka kīia e te Māori he Pakepakehā, ka whakapotoa nei ki te Pākehā. Nā te Māori tēnei ingoa i hua e mau nei anō (TP 1/1911:5). / When the Māori heard the soft and loud sounds of the language of Captain Cook and his sailors the Māori called them 'Pakepakehā', which was shortened to 'Pākehā'. The Māori created this name, which is still used.
I tētahi whawhaitanga i muri mai, ka riro tētahi o ngā pū repo a te Pākehā i te Māori, nō muri mai ka tuomakia mai e tētahi Pākehā nō Amerika, he kaupoai (TP 7/1900:8). / In a later fight, one of the cannons of the Pākehā was taken by the Māori, and later on, a Pākehā from America, a cowboy, came hurrying up.
4. (noun) foreigner, alien.
Otirā ko ā te Pākehā rākau anake e ngahoro ana ngā rau, heoi anō tā te Māori rākau i rite ki ā te Pākehā ko te kōtukutuku, arā ko te kōnini (TP 9/1903:1). / But only exotic trees are deciduous, however the native tree that is like exotic trees is the kōtukutuku (tree fuchsia), also called the kōnini.
2. (noun) Scalp of enemy kept for use in some incantations. Sometimes the term was applied to poles decorated with flax leaves and tufts of human hair.
