tikanga ā-iwi
1. (noun) cultural practice, social science, tribal custom.
Nā runga i tōna pūkenga ki ngā tikanga ā-iwi me ngā kōrero tuku iho i tū teitei ai tōna mana i waenga i te kāhui ariki o Ngāi Tahu (TTR 1994:39). / As an expert on tribal custom and traditions his standing among Ngāi Tahu aristocracy was of the highest.
2. (modifier) custom of a tohunga breathing into someone to transfer his mauri.
Ka haere mai tana tauira matua, ka kīia atu e te tohunga nei kia whakaritea te tikanga whakahā, arā, kia ngongoa te hā o te tohunga kia riro ai i te tauira tōna mauri (TTR 1994:148). / His main pupil came and the tohunga asked to perform the ritual whakahā, inhaling the tohunga's breath so that the pupil could obtain his mauri.
ritenga
1. (noun) likeness, custom, customary practice, habit, practice, resemblance, implication - the normal way of doing things.
Otirā ehara i te mea ko te pītiti anake, engari ko ngā āhua rākau katoa pēnā tonu tō rātou ritenga tae iho ana ki ngā huarākau ririki, arā, ki te karani pango, mā, whero, me te rāhipere, me te kūpere me ētahi atu o ngā huarākau ririki katoa (TP 12/1905:7). / But it's not as if it is only peaches, but all sorts of trees that are treated in that way, including small fruits, that is, black, red and white currants, raspberries, gooseberries and all the other small fruits.
Synonyms: oho, āhua, āhuatanga, rite, taurite, ariā, tikanga, tairitenga, ōrite, whakaritenga
2. (noun) ritual.
I muri tonu iho i tēnā ka tīmata te iriiri, te ritenga i whakatakotoria hei urunga atu mō te tangata ki roto ki taua rōpū (TP 4/1911:7). / Straight after that the baptism began, which was the ritual for a person to join that group.
Synonyms: whakaritenga
3. (noun) place corresponding, thing corresponding, vicinity.
Ka tata ki te ritenga ki Ruapehu ka tīmata te ua (TPH 20/3/1905:3). / When we approached the vicinity of Ruapehu it began to rain.
4. (noun) version.
Kotahi anake te wāhi e whiwhi ai koe ki tōna ritenga Māori, mā runga i te tono ki te nama waea kore utu e mau ake nei (HM 2/1999:3). / There is only one place where you can obtain it with its Māori version and that is by requesting it at this attached free phone number.
tikanga tuku iho
1. (noun) customary law, tradition, lore, custom.
Ko Tukumana te tino kaiwhakamārama o ngā tikanga tuku iho a ngā iwi o Marutūāhu whānui tonu, tēnā rawa ia, a Ngāti Whanaunga ake (TTR 1996:232). / Tukumana was the exponent of the traditions of the tribes of Marutūāhu generally, but of Ngāti Whanaunga in particular.
kaitango
1. (noun) purchaser, alienee, customer.
Kia mōhio mai ngā hoa āwhina i 'Te Pipi' he pepa kōrero Māori tā tātou pepa, kei riri koutou, e ngā tāngata i tuku kōrero Pākehā mai nei kia tāia ki 'Te Pipi'. Ehara hoki i te mea e rongo katoa ana ngā kaitango o te pepa nei i ngā reo e rua. He maha ngā tāngata e turi ana ki te reo Pākehā (TP 5/1903:5). / Friends helping 'Te Pipi' should realise that our newspaper is a Māori language one, so you, the people sending in English material to be published in 'Te Pipi', should not be annoyed about this. And it's not as if all the purchasers of this paper understand both languages. There are many people who do not understand English.
tikanga
1. (noun) correct procedure, custom, habit, lore, method, manner, rule, way, code, meaning, plan, practice, convention, protocol - the customary system of values and practices that have developed over time and are deeply embedded in the social context .
Ko ngā pereti kai he rourou; kāore he paoka, kāore he naihi, arā i tino whakaritea katoatia ki tā te Māori tikanga (TP 1/12/1900:14). / The eating plates were flax food baskets; there were no knives and forks, that is everything was organised according to Māori custom.
Ko ngā tikanga pai e tika ana kia puritia kia mau, hei tikanga mau tonu mō ngā whakatupuranga, ahakoa tikanga whenua, taonga rānei, mahi ā-ringa, whai kai rānei, ngā whakahaere o te pakanga, ōna tūwaewae rānei, ehara anō hoki i te tikanga kino ngā tikanga Māori (TPH 30/8/1902:3) / It is right that the beneficial customs should be retained as lasting practices for future generations, whether they be customs relating to land or property, crafts or procuring food, the procedures for conducting war or for visitors, and Māori practices are not bad ones.
Synonyms: tikanga tuku iho, wānanga, tūmomo, momo, tū, māoritanga, māramatanga, tukanga, pēwheatanga, tāera, huarahi, ritenga, kawa, tino rangatiratanga, ture, kāwanatanga, rūri, whakatakotoranga, whakaaro, tītakataka, kaupapa, tātai, whakangārahu, mahere, whakatakoto, whakamahere, hoahoa, take, whakakaupapa
2. (noun) correct, right.
Kei te tautoko te iwi Māori i tēnei pire, nō te mea e kite ana rātou mā tēnei pire ka oti he tikanga e taea ai e rātou te rīhi i ō rātou whenua (RT 2013:81). / The Māori people are supporting this bill because they can see that with this bill they have a right whereby they will be able to lease their lands.
See also kei a [koe] te tikanga, (ko) te/tōna tikanga
Synonyms: ake, tika, matau, mōtika, tonu, matatika, tōtika, take, heipū
4. (noun) meaning, method, technique.
He aha te tikanga o taua kupu a Te Wharehuia i roto i tana whaikōrero? / What is the meaning of that word that Te Wharehuia used in his speech?
he ... te tikanga
1. has been the custom, has been the practice, has been the tradition - an idiom indicating that an appropriate activity has been the practice for a long time.
I mua i te haere ki te kai, he horoi ringa te tikanga (HKK 1999:139). / Before going to eat, the practice is to wash the hands.
apataki
1. (noun) retinue, following, entourage, client base, customer base.
Ka mutu nei te tauwehe o ngā apataki o te Rōpū Rātana o te takiwā nei ki te Rōpū Reipa, tū ana a Tiaki hei kaiwhakauru mō te Rōpū Reipa i te pōtitanga mō te tūru o Te Tai Rāwhiti i te tau 1943 (TTR 1998:123). / When the split between the followers of Rātana and the Labour Party ended, Tiaki stood as the Labour candidate for the Eastern Māori seat in 1943.
2. (noun) pursuit, occupation, business, custom, career, profession, agency.
Nāna i whakaako te momo whakaakoranga ki ana ākonga mā reira nei rātou e āhei atu ai ki ngā umanga ngaio, me te tū hei kaiārahi mō te iwi Māori (TTR 1996:137). / He taught his pupils the type of course that would equip them for professional careers and as leaders for the Māori people.
Ko tētahi tikanga o tēnei kupu, he mahi; kei te whakataukī rā, 'Ko te umanga nui a neherā he whawhai.' (M 2006:164). / Other meanings of this word are pursuit, occupation, business and custom, as expressed in the proverbial saying, 'The important pursuit in ancient times was warfare.'
Synonyms: whakatāuteute, manapou, akoranga, mahi, whai, whaiwhai, aruaru, aru, whāinga
2. (noun) a ceremony to remove tapu from a new house or canoe.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 170-171;)
Ko te tikanga o tēnei mea, o te kawa, e pure ana i te kawa tapu o Tāne kia noa (TTT 1/5/1930:2055). / The purpose of the kawa ceremony is to ritually remove the tapu of Tāne so that it becomes free of tapu.
See also tānga o te kawa
3. (noun) karakia (ritual chants) and customs for the opening of new houses, canoes and other events.
Nā ngā kaumātua o Te Arawa i wewete ngā tapu o ōna whakairo, i karakia te karakia o te waere, te kawa, te toki, te takapou (TTT 1/10/1922:8). / The elders of Te Arawa removed the tapu from its carvings, recited the incantations of the waere (clearing the tapu of the building), of the kawa (calling on the powers to ruruku, or bind together, the uprights and rafters of the building), the toki (incantation addressed to the tree from which the carvings were made using the toki, or axe) and the takapou (incantation lifting the tapu to enable the entry of women into the house and spreading the mat of occupation and use).
4. (noun) marae protocol - customs of the marae and wharenui, particularly those related to formal activities such as pōhiri, speeches and mihimihi. This seems to be a modern extension of the word.
Kāti, nō te taenga mai o Kuīni Irihāpeti Te Tuarua ki Rotorua i te 2 o Hānuere 1954, takahia ana e Heke te kawa, he ruarua nei ngā miniti e hauoraora ake ana tana kōrero ki te Kuīni mō te takoha roera, arā, mō te tokotoko hiriwa (TTR 2000:27). / Well, when Queen Elizabeth II arrived at Rotorua on 2 January 1954, Heke broke protocol by speaking animately to the Queen for several minutes about the royal gift of the silver cane.
Synonyms: tikanga o te marae, tikanga
katimauhe
1. (loan) (modifier) customs, taxation.
Ki te mea kāhore anō te iwi i utu i ngā utu ki ngā whare katimauhe i ngā tau kua pāhure ake nei, e kore e tika kia tonoa aua utu katimauhe kia utua i ēnei rā, ā kaua aua utu katimauhe o ngā tau kua pahure e utua e te iwi (TW 22/6/1878:313). / If the people have not yet paid the costs to the custom houses in the years which have passed, it is not right that demands be made for those taxation costs to be paid now, and those taxation costs for previous years should not be paid by the people.
2. (noun) paymaster.
Ko Hēni tonu te kaiutu, kaiwhiriwhiri ake mō tētahi mahi ahu whenua ā-rohe (TTR 1998:227). / Jane was paymaster and consultant for a local land development scheme.
āpiha tango tāke i ngā kaipuke
1. (noun) tidewaiter - customs officer who boarded ships on their arrival to enforce the customs regulations.
Nā ōna parapara ki te tuhituhi, ki te kōrero, ki te tatau, ā, he tangata pono hoki, taka rawa ake ki te pokapūtanga o te tekau tau mai i 1860, kua whakatūria a ia e William Thomas, te kaiwhakawā takiwā, hei āpiha tango tāke i ngā kaipuke e ū ake ana ki Ōwenga (TTR 1990:152). / Because of his talents in writing, speaking, numeracy and general reliability, in the mid 1860s William Thomas, Resident Magistrate, appointed him as tidewaiter at Ōwenga.
Milroy, James Wharehuia
1. (personal name) QSO, CNZM (1937-) Tūhoe; leader, orator, expert in Māori language and customs. Former Professor of Māori at The University of Waikato, where he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate in 2005. Formerly a commissioner for Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori. Member of the New Zealand Geographic Board, Tautoko Māori Trust, Mahi Trust and teacher for Te Panekiritanga o te Reo. He was made a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit (CNZM) in 2012 for services to the Māori language.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 37;)
See also Panekiretanga o te Reo, Te
haehae
1. (verb) (-a,-tia) to scratch, draw, cut up, lacerate, tear - to lacerate the limbs, body and even the face with flakes of obsidian at tangihanga, particularly by the wife and close female relatives, was a traditional custom.
Koia mātou i mea ai me whakaoho i ngā hipi kei haehaea pūtia e te wuruwhi (TH 4/1859:1). / That's why we said that we should awaken the sheep lest they be savaged by the wolf.
Synonyms: whakahaehae, hahae, hae, harakuku, hōripi, rarapi, hōripiripi, whakangaeke, tiwha, riwha, nanatu, rakaraka, raraku, rapi, hārau, raku, rapirapi, rakuraku
2. (noun) slashing, tearing, scratching, lacerating, cutting up.
Ka puta a Ao-kehu i te rākau rā, ka tīmata tana haehae i te puku o te taniwha me te māripi (Te Ara 2015). / Ao-kehu appeared and began slashing the stomach of the taniwha with the knife.
Synonyms: harakuku, raraku, rapi, rapirapi, rapirapitanga
3. (noun) parallel grooves between lines of the dog-tooth pattern in carving.
Ko te rauponga. I tēnei tauira, ka tāruaruatia te pākati, ā, ka noho mai ēnei ki roto i ngā haehae, arā, ngā rārangi whakarara ki ia taha (RTA 2014:210). / The rauponga carving pattern. In this example, the pākati pattern of rows of chevron-shaped notches is repeated and these sit inside parallel grooves, that is parallel lines on each side.
Rangihau, John Te Rangiāniwaniwa
1. (personal name) (1919-1987) Tūhoe; charismatic leader, academic, social welfare officer, gifted speaker in Māori and English and authority on Māori language and custom. Fought with the 28th New Zealand (Māori) Battalion in World War II. Completed a diploma in social science at Victoria University of Wellington. Awarded the British Empire Medal in 1975 for services to Māori. Worked at The University of Waikato in the Centre for Māori Studies and Research (1973-1982) and as an advisor for the Māori Affairs Department from 1982.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 82-88;)
