tūkapi
1. (noun) pronoun, substitute word - word used instead of a noun already mentioned or known, to avoid repetition.
I te rerenga 'ko ia taku tuakana', he tūkapi te kupu 'ia'. I te rerenga 'haria ko tēnei', he tūkapi te kupu 'tēnei'. I te rerenga 'kua pakaru kē tāna', he tūkapi te kupu 'tāna' (PK 2008:995). / In the phrase 'she is my elder sister', 'she' is a pronoun. In the phrase 'take this', 'this' is a substitute word. In the phrase 'hers is broken', 'hers' is a pronoun.
2. (particle) Used before personal pronouns (except ahau) when they follow i, ki, hei and kei. NB a is pronounced long before koe and ia.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 57, 83, 102;)
3. (particle) Used before place names and location words when they stand as subject of the sentence.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 24-25;)
4. (particle) Sometimes used as a literary device before words that would normally be used as nouns or verbs.
Kāti, kua huri te ihu o tōu ake waka ki Waitematā i runga anō i te āki a rūrūtake, a wheori (HM 2/1992:1). / Well, the prow of your canoe has turned towards Waitematā because of the urging of shaking and quivering of old age.
ahau
1. (pronoun) I, me - unlike other pronouns and personals, does not take a when following ki, i, kei and hei. Does not take a when used as the subject of the sentence. Never occurs after he, te and ngā and is not used after the prepositions a, o, mā, mō, nā, nō or with tā and tō.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 13, 15;)
ake
1. (particle) from below, upwards, in an upwards direction - indicates direction upwards when following verbs of motion. It may indicate an upwards direction towards the speaker or away from the speaker, a group, or someone else. Like the other three directional particles, atu, mai and iho, it always follows manner particles (i.e. kau, kē, noa, rawa and tonu) if they are present in the phrase.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 27, 120;)
Piki ake ki konei! / Climb up here, please!
Ka titiro ake ia ki ngā whetū e kapokapo mai ana i te rangi. / She looked up at the stars twinkling in the sky.
2. (particle) upwards, in an upwards direction - used with verbs which designate perception or attitude. It may also be used to reinforce words with positive connotations, such as progress, enlightenment, good health and to indicate an action that is performed quickly and with ease.
Ka mīharo ake i te mea ko te wā i tuhia ai e ia ngā kōrero nei kua eke kē a Hēmi ki te taumata o te tangata e kīia ai ia 'he kōkōmuka noho tara-ā-whare', arā, ko ōna tau whakahingahinga, whakatā hoki (HP 1991:v). / It is amazing because the time when these stories were written was when Hēmi had reached the age of being a stay-at-home, that is, his years of retirement.
Ko ngā mea i ora ake, i taki omaoma ki ngā whāruarua i uta huna ai (TTR 1990:153). / The ones who survived fled inland to the valleys to hide.
I haere ia ki te Kura Māori o Raukōkore, ā, pai ana te haere o te ako i a ia; kitea ake ana e ōna kura māhita tōna pūmanawa (TTR 2000:1). / He attended Raukōkore Native School and the learning progressed well; his teachers quickly recognised his talents.
3. (particle) Implying direction to some place connected with the speaker, the listener, or someone else, but not where she/he/they are at the time.
Engari, ki te peka ake koe ki tōku kāinga, haria ake anō he kai māu. / But if you stop off at my home, take some food for yourself.
I mua i tana nehunga i Kōkōhīnau ka mauria ake a ia ki te mahau o Ruataupare, takoto ai (TTR 1996:231). / Before her burial at Kōkōhīnau she was carried to the veranda of Ruataupare to lie in state.
4. (particle) immediately, without delay, from that time, from that time on, forthwith - indicating a further immediate action.
Titiro ana a Hana Kōkō ki te tamaiti, tangi ake ia. / When Santa Claus looked at the child, the child cried.
5. (particle) just, recently, promptly, thereupon - used in time expressions, seemingly for emphasis. In this usage ake is often followed by nei to indicate that the action will take just a short while, or it has been over for a short while.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 121;)
6. (particle) Used to emphasise distance, especially with location words.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 45;)
I kuhu te titipounamu ki roto ake i te puare o te tīwai o te tawhai. / The rifleman went right into the hole in the trunk of the beech tree.
I tanumia a ia ki Korowhata, e whakatāiri rā i runga ake o Pūtiki (TTR 1990:17). / He was buried at Korokata, above Pūtiki.
7. (particle) Used when comparing things. This includes iti, although it may often be followed by iho. This usage will normally be used with adjectives, but verbs created by prefixing whaka- to adjectives (e.g. whakarahi, whakapoto, whakaroa) or location words may be used.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 101;)
He pai ake tēnei i tēnā. / This is better than that.
He nui noa ake te taupori o Kirikiriroa, tēnā i tō Rāhui Pōkeka. / Hamilton's population is a lot more than that of Huntly.
Me whakapoto ake te kōrero i konei, me kī i mīharo, i whakamihi, ngā mema Pākehā ki te ahua ki ngā mahi a ngā iwi o Te Tai Rāwhiti i kitea e ō rātou ake kanohi (TKO 31/3/1921:4). / The account here should be abbreviated, but I should say that the Pākehā members were amazed and they praised the nature of the work of the tribes of the East Coast that they saw with their own eyes.
(Kei te whakairia e Rangi he whakaahua ki te pakitara.) Rangi: Ki konei? Hine: Kāo, ki runga ake (HJ 2015:176). / (Rangi is hanging a picture on the wall.) Rangi: Here? Hine: No, higher up.
See also kaha ake
8. (particle) original, indigenous, own, real, very own, personal, personally - to emphasise to whom something belongs or for whom something is intended. With possessive pronouns the word order is variable, e.g. tōku waka ake or tōku ake waka.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 45-46;)
Ko te iwi Māori te iwi ake o Aotearoa. / The Māori people are the indigenous people of New Zealand.
Ki te haere ia ki ngā hui, me mau te tangata i tōna ake tauera (TTT 1/11/1927:686). / If he goes to gatherings a person should take his own towel.
Synonyms: taketake, tūturu, tō, anō, tipu, tupu, tinana, tino
9. (particle) myself, herself, himself, yourself, ourselves, themselves - indicates the reflexive when it occurs with ki te or i a followed by a pronoun.
Hei reira, i roto i tō wira, ka tukua e koe ō taonga ki aua kaitiaki, ā ka whakahaerea e rāua me te mea nā rāua ake anō aua taonga, otirā he mahi kau tā rāua i aua taonga mō ō tamariki anō (TWMNT 7/4/1874:83). / Then, in your will, you give your property to those trustees, and they will use it as if that property belongs to themselves, but they will do it for your children.
10. (particle) exactly, right, truly, just - can intensify certain words, including question words, locative nouns and sometimes kore.
Kei hea ake ngā tamariki weriweri rā? / Just where are those horrible children?
Nō konei ake te nuinga o aku hoa. / The majority of my friends are from right here.
Kore ake a Timi i toa ki te whakapākehā i te ‘pōkokohua’ a Eruera ki te Kāwana Tianara (EM 2002:214) / Timi was just not brave enough to translate Eruera's 'pōkokohua' for the Governor General.
Synonyms: mōtika, tonu, matatika, tōtika, take, heipū, tikanga, tika, matau
11. (particle) and so on, and the like, and other places, elsewhere, etc. - to indicate things that are additional to those already mentioned.
Ko ia tonu te tangata tiaki i ō rātou pānga i Te Wairarapa, i Kaikōura, i Taranaki, i hea ake, i hea ake (TTR 1998:210). / He himself was the person looking after their land interests in Wairarapa, Kaikōura, Taranaki and elsewhere.
Āpiti atu ko ngā taputapu whakatangitangi - kia rangona atu te tangi a te pūtōrino, a te pūtātara, a te pahū me te aha ake (HM 3/1998:8). / In addition there are the musical instruments - so that the sounds of the pūtōrino (large traditional flute), the conch shell trumpet, the gong and other instruments can be heard.
anō
1. (particle) again, more, same - a particle that sometimes indicates that an event is repeated or additional. Usually comes after manner, directional and locative particles, if they are present.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 67;)
Me hoki mai anō ia. / She must come back again.
Kei te pēhea koe? Heoi anō, ko taua āhua anō. / How are you? Oh well, just the same.
Synonyms: tāpiri
2. (particle) another, other, in addition.
3. (particle) also, too - often with hoki.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 129;)
4. (particle) a different, quite another.
I te kāinga, kāore e hamumu te waha. Engari kia haere ki te tāone me ana hoa, he tangata anō - he pākiwaha tonu (HJ 2015:64). / At home he doesn't say anything. But when he goes to town with his friends he's a different person - he's quite loud.
5. (particle) instead, rather, actually.
Ka tata mai taku ika ki te waka, ka hūtia ake, e hika, he rimurimu anō ia (HJ 2015:64). / When my fish was near the canoe and I lifted it up, lo and behold, it was actually seaweed.
Synonyms: engari
6. (particle) on the contrary, in actual fact, nevertheless.
Tahi: Kāore he tāngata o te toa ki te āwhina i a koe? Rua: He tāngata anō, engari i te warea kē ki te āwhina i ētahi atu (HJ 2015:65). / Tahi: Was there nobody in the shop to help you? Rua: On the contrary, there were people, but they were busy helping others.
Synonyms: ahakoa, hei aha koa, he ahakoa, hei aha (koa/noa iho), aua atu (rā), me aha koa, engaringari, tonu, ehara, engari
7. (particle) yet, already - to indicate completion or fulfilment of an action.
Hine: Kua kai anō kōrua? Rangi: Āe, kua kai kē māua (HJ 2015:66). / Hine: Have you two eaten yet? Rangi: Yes, we've already eaten.
8. (particle) until, when - when kia precedes the verb, anō indicates something will be completed when something else has been done. Adding rā before anō intensifies the meaning.
Kia mutu anō tō kai, kua pai tō puta ki waho. / When you've finished eating, you may go outside.
Kia tae rā anō tātou ki reira, ka kai ai. / When we finally arrive there, we'll eat.
9. (particle) then, only just, now for the first time, finally, only then will - used with kātahi and kā.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 74;)
Kātahi anō a Mīria ka hoki mai i Amerika. / Mīria has just returned from America.
Kia kite rawa aku kanohi, kātahi anō au ka whakapono (HJ 2015:67) / When I actually see it with my own eyes, then I will believe.
Synonyms: kātahi tonu ... ka ..., kāhi, kātahi anō ... ka ...
10. (particle) just like - when following rite, pēnei, pēnā or pērā.
Synonyms: tonu, rite tonu, me kore ake, me/mai/mei kore ake ..., mai kore ake, mei kore ake
12. (particle) up to the time spoken of, have not yet, has not yet, yet - when following kāore.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 56;)
Kāore anō tā tātou manuhiri kia tae mai. / Our visitors haven't arrived yet.
See also kāore anō ... kia
13. (particle) indeed, quite, actually, in actual fact, exactly, absolutely - used to intensify and add emphasis.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 109-110;)
Synonyms: mārire, pū, moruka, te mutunga (kē) mai (nei) o te ..., mārika, tahi, mōrukaruka, ehara ehara, pohapoha, puru, piropiro, hāwerewere, rukaruka, mārie, koia, rawa, āhua, tino, noa, tonu, kere, āta, hangehange, hengahenga, kāhua, (ko) tōna ... (nei), tou, noa iho
14. (particle) one ... another - when repeated with a noun.
He mahi anō mā te tāne, he mahi anō mā te wahine. / There is one task for the man and another for the woman.
au
1. (pronoun) I, me - like all pronouns and personals, takes a when following ki, i, kei and hei but does not take a when used as the subject of the sentence, except in some dialects. Never occurs after he, te and ngā and is not used after the prepositions a, o, mā, mō, nā, nō or with tā and tō.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 13;)
2. (pronoun) we, us - sometimes used as a collective pronoun with this meaning by leaders to refer to their people, especially in classical Māori.
Ko te mea i mahue ai a Muri-whenua i a au, i a Ngāti Whātua, he kōhuru nā Ngāti Kahu-mate-a-ika (Wh4 2004:103) / The reason that we, Ngāti Whātua, left Muri-whenua was a treacherous deed perpetrated by Ngāti Kahu-mate-a-ika.
ehara nā/nō
1. (negative) does not belong to, did not belong to - the usual word to negate affirmative sentences beginning with nā or nō is ehara. This is merely placed before the affirmative sentence. Although this is a common form in modern Māori, the alternative ehara i a ... was the more usual negative for nā and nō in classical Māori.
(Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 29-30;)
Ehara nā Te Tiwha tēnei whakaahua. / This photograph does not belong to Te Tiwha.
See also ehara i a
2. (negative) if the subject is a pronoun it can be placed immediately after ehara.
3. (negative) did not - with sentences where the emphasis is on the actor to form the negative ehara merely precedes the affirmative sentence.
(Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 29-30;)
ia
1. (pronoun) he, she, him, her, it - like all pronouns and personals, takes a when following ki, i, kei and hei but does not take a when used as the subject of the sentence, except in some dialects. Never occurs after he, te and ngā and is not used after the prepositions a, o, mā, mō, nā, nō or with tā and tō.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 13;)
2. (particle) to, that - to indicate a purpose, wish, or effect. Used in this way if the second verb is passive or a stative, or if the subject of the subordinate clause is different from that of the main clause, i.e. the person, people, thing or things doing the actions in the two parts of the sentence are different. Kia may be used if the person, people, thing or things doing the action in the two parts of the sentence are the same, or is part of a group, if an appropriate personal pronoun is used, e.g. as in the second example sentence.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 98;)
I tonoa rātou kia waiata. / They were asked to sing.
E hiahia ana a Wī kia haere ia ki te wānanga reo (HJ 2017:179). / Wī wanted to go to the Māori language live-in school.
3. (particle) be, let be - indicates that it is desirable for something to occur. Used this way in giving commands involving adjectives (statives) and experience verbs.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 27, 58;)
See also kia kaha
4. (particle) Used to ask and say how many things are needed.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 63;)
Kia hia ngā tīkiti māu? Kia rua. / How many tickets do you need? Two, please.
5. (particle) not yet.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 56-57;)
See also kāore anō ... kia
Synonyms: kīanō
6. (particle) so that, in order that.
See also kia ... ai, kia kore ai ... e ...
8. (particle) so that ... will not/would not.
(Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 31-32;)
See also kia kore ai ... e ...
kino kē koe
1. gee you're the one, you're good alright, you're too much, awesome - an idiom in which koe may be replaced for other appropriate personal pronouns, etc.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 77;)
See also te kino kē hoki
2. (particle) to.
Whiti atu ko te motu i Mokoia (NM 1928:83). / Cross to the island of Mokoia.
3. (particle) at.
Ko reira au tū ai, kia tae ake anō koe (W 1971:121). / I'll stop at that place until you actually arrive.
See also ko hea
koe
1. (pronoun) you (one person) - like all pronouns and personals, takes a when following ki, i, kei and hei but does not take a when used as the subject of the sentence. Never occurs after he, te and ngā and is not used after the prepositions a, o, mā, mō, nā, nō or with tā and tō.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 13;)
2. (pronoun) you and - used before ko and a person's name.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 13;)
koutou
1. (pronoun) you (three or more people) - like all pronouns and personals, takes a when following ki, i, kei and hei but does not take a when used as the subject of the sentence. Never occurs after he, te and ngā.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 13, 31-32, 52-56, 64-65;)
See also tā koutou
2. (pronoun) you and - used before ko followed by people's names.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 13;)
Anei te pōro mā koutou ko Poia, ko Hirini. / Here's the ball for you, Poia and Sydney.
mātou
1. (pronoun) we, us, they and I, them and me - like all personal pronouns and personal nouns, takes a when following ki, i, kei and hei but does not take a when used as the subject of the sentence. Never occurs after he, te and ngā.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 13, 31-32, 52-56, 64-65;)
Ka tae atu mātou ki konā ā te poupoutanga o te rā. / We will arrive there with you at midday.
See also mātau
2. (pronoun) and I, and me - used before ko and the first name when other people's names are mentioned.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 13;)
Kātahi anō mātou ko Ngāhuia, ko Haupai ka hoki mai i Te Puke. / Ngāhuia, Haupai and I have just returned from Te Puke.
2. (pronoun) and I, and me - used before ko and a person's name.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 13;)
Kua kōrero kē māua ko Pou mō taua take. / Pou and I have already spoken about that matter.
nā
1. (particle) there (by the listener) - used after nouns, location words, pronouns and personal names to indicate position or connection with the listener or the principal character in a narrative. Like the other two locative particles, nei and rā, it follows manner particles (i.e. kau, kē, noa, rawa and tonu) and directional particles (i.e. mai, atu, iho and ake) in the phrase if they are present.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 44;)
2. (particle) Used to refer to something just said by the listener or the speaker.
I mua o te taenga mai o tēnei ope kua hoki mai anō a Rongo ki tētehi o ōna pā, ko Motu-wheteke te ingoa. Koia nā te pā i whawhaitia ai a Rongo (JPS 1911:104). / Before this war party arrived Rongo and his people had returned to one of his other pā, named Motu-wheteke. It was in this pā where Rongo was attacked.
3. (particle) Used following possessive determiners to imply that the thing possessed is a little distance away, associated with the listener, or simply for emphasis.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 85-86;)
Whakarāpopototia ēnei kōrero ki āu ake nā kupu. / Summarise this story in your own words.
4. (particle) who, that, which - when used in dependent clauses to refer to something or someone just mentioned or mentioned by, or associated with, the person being spoken to.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 120;)
5. (particle) Used following koe, kōrua, koutou when giving opinions, etc.
Ki a koe nā, me pōti au mō tēhea rōpū tōrangapū? / In your opinion, which political party should I vote for?
Ki a kōrua nā, he pai tonu hoki tēnei ture, nē rā? / In your opinion, this law is quite alright, isn't it?
6. (particle) Sometimes used in close association with the same locative particle, or another, for emphasis e.g. nei nā.
I te kitenga atu o ngā koroua, o ngā kuia i te kaipuke o Kāpene Kuki, ka karanga, "He motu, he motu rere mai nō tawhiti ina e tere mai nei nā." (RK 1994:46). / When the elderly men and women saw Captain Cook's ship they called, "It's an island, it's an island sailing here from afar, it's sailing right here."
7. Used as a suffix in the words such as tēnā, ēnā, pēnā, konā, anā and koinā.
nei
1. (particle) here - used after nouns, location words, pronouns and personal names to indicate position or connection with the speaker or the principal character in a narrative. Like the other two locative particles, nā and rā, it follows manner particles (i.e. kau, kē, noa, rawa and tonu) and directional particles (i.e. mai, atu, iho and ake) in the phrase if they are present.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 44;)
See also neki
2. (particle) Also used to imply nearness to the present time, or a time or event just referred to.
Ka whakawhiti rāua ki Te Ika-a-Māui i te rā nei. / They cross to the North Island today.
I karangahia tēnei ko Te Heke Hauhaua, ā, ko Te Kāeaea tonu tētahi o ngā rangatira. Koia nei pea te wā i hoki ai a ia ki Te Wairarapa (TTR 1990:202). / This was called Te Heke Hauhaua and Te Kaeaea was one of the leaders. This was probably the time that he returned to Wairarapa.
3. (particle) who, that, which - when used in dependent clauses to refer to something or someone just mentioned.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 120;)
Ko Hōri te tangata e tū atu nei. / The man who is standing here is George.
4. (particle) Used following au, māua, mātou when giving opinions, etc.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 85-86;)
Ki a au nei, kāore a Nāhinara e rata ana ki te iwi Māori. / In my opinion, the National Party isn't kindly disposed towards the Māori people.
5. (particle) Used following possessive determiners to imply that the thing possessed is nearby, or for emphasis.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 85-86;)
Ki ōku nei whakaaro, kāore he take o tēnei Kāwanatanga. / In my opinion this Government is useless.
7. (particle) Used before koa and rā to introduce explanatory sentences.
Ka haere mātou ko aua tupua ki roto ki te awa o Whitianga, nei koa, he tokotoko i te ringaringa o ētahi o rātou mau haere ai (TAH 52:45). / Then we and those foreigners went up the Whitianga River. Now some of them carried rods in their hands
8. (particle) here - often starts a sentence.
Nei ka noho, ka noho, ka mahuki ake a whakaaro tērā pea ka whai hua tonu te wero atu ki te pātai, "He aha ia tēnei mea, te mātauranga Māori?" (HM 1/1998:2) / Here I sit and sit, and thoughts spring to mind that perhaps there is value in challenging with the question, "Just what is this thing Māori knowledge?"
9. (particle) on and on - used to indicate a long duration when the phrase with nei is repeated.
Ka mea atu tērā, "Waiho rā kia toru hoki ngā pō e rere ai, ā, ka kore e kitea te whenua, ka hoki ai tātou." Ka whakaae mai ngā hoa. I rere nei, rere nei. Kua tata ki te whenua (MM.TKM 1/11/1855:9). / That one said, "Let us wait and sail for three more nights and if we not don't find land we will return." The companions agreed. So they sailed on and on. Then they were near land.
Synonyms: haere ake nei, mau ake nei, āke, ake, ake
rā
1. (particle) over there, there, yonder - used after nouns, location words, pronouns and personal names to indicate position or connection not near or connected with the speaker or listener or the principal characters in a narrative. It may indicate a spacial distance, or a distance in past or future time as discussed below. Like the other two locative particles, nā and nei, it follows manner particles (i.e. kau, kē, noa, rawa and tonu) and directional particles (i.e. mai, atu, iho and ake) in the phrase, if they are present.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 44;)
Kātahi anō te tangata rā ka puta mai. / The man over there has just appeared.
2. (particle) Used to imply distance from the present time, either in the past or future.
Ka mahi rātou i runga anō i ngā tikanga o mua rā. / They worked in accordance with the customs of earlier times.
Tēnei ka rongo au kua whakaae a Tā Hōri Kerei kia tū tēnei Pire i tēnei tau anō, engari hei tērā tau rā anō whakatūturutia ai hei Ture (TWMNT 2/11/1875:260). / I heard that Sir George Grey has agreed that this Bill should be passed this year, but that its final passing into law should be next year.
3. (particle) that, which, who - when used in relative clauses after the verb. The verb will be preceded by i or e.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 120;)
Kei te tika tonu ngā kōrero mō ngā tohorā i ārahi atu rā i te waka, i a Tākitimu. / The narratives about the whales that guided the Tākitimu canoe there are quite correct.
4. (particle) I wonder - an intensifier especially used with questions.
5. (particle) Sometimes used in close association with the same locative particle, or another, for emphasis e.g. rā rā.
Mutu rawa tōna waiata, ka whakatarunatia kia titiro te iwi nei ki te moana, ka karanga, “Ka puta rā rā! Ka puta rā rā!” (M 2004:160). / After singing her song, she enticed the people to look towards the sea, calling out, “There it goes! There it goes!”
6. (particle) Used as an intensive in greetings and requests.
rārā
1. (particle) over there, there, yonder - variation of rā. Used after nouns, location words, pronouns and personal names to indicate position or connection not near or connected with the speaker or listener or the principal characters in a narrative. Like the other two locative particles, nā and nei, it follows manner particles (i.e. kau, kē, noa, rawa and tonu) and directional particles (i.e. mai, atu, iho and ake) in the phrase, if they are present.
Me i noho koia hoki te Pākehā ki ētahi whenua atu rārā, tēnā hoki e pēhea? (JPS 1990:151). / If the Pākehā lived in other scattered lands, how would that be?
