ana
1. (particle) Used following e and a verb to indicate continuing action or a continuing state but follows manner and directional particles if they are present. It sometimes precedes mai without any difference in meaning.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 12;)
E mātakitaki atu ana ngā tūroro i te whutupōro. / The patients are watching the rugby.
2. (particle) indeed.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 126;)
Aroha ana kia kite i te matenga o tana wahine. / It was indeed sad to see the death of his wife.
3. (particle) whenever, when, if (with ka or ki te).
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 12; Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 126; Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 63-64;)
Ka hemo ana te tangata, ka uhia ia ki te tapu. / When a person dies she is cloaked with tapu.
4. (particle) as soon as, when - used in animated narrative without e.
(Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 114;)
Riri ana te kaiako, mataku ana te tamaiti. / When the teacher becomes angry, the child is afraid.
5. (particle) Denotes continuous action following kia, usually also following waiho or tuku.
(Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 151;)
6. (particle) while - when preceded by kei.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 121;)
7. (particle) if, when - of future time, followed immediately by the verb and used in the same way as ina with this usage.
Ana tae mai ia ka tāronatia e au te kakī. / When he arrives I'll strangle him.
tonu
1. (particle) still, continues, unceasing, continuously, simply - a manner particle that denotes continuance, permanence or exactness and follows immediately after the word it applies to. Often used with the verbal particles which have a progressive or continuous sense, i.e. e ... ana, kei te ... and i te ... Where tonu follows a verb in the passive it will take a passive ending also, usually -tia. In this situation the passive ending may be dropped from the verb, but not from tonu.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 57, 120; Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 91-92;)
Mehemea i te ora tonu ia, kua kite i te ātaahua o tana mokopuna. / If she was still alive, she would have seen how beautiful her grandchild is.
I nuku atu i te rua rau ngā waiata i titoa e Tuīni e maumahara tonutia ana i nāianei (TTR 2000:132). / Tuīni composed more than two hundred songs which are still remembered today.
2. (particle) nonetheless, all the same, still - indicates permanence or stability of a procedure, arrangement or idea.
I tū tonu tā mātou kura reo, engari i kawea ki tētahi marae kē atu. / Our language school was still held, but it was taken to another marae.
Synonyms: aua atu (rā)
3. (particle) very, indeed, exceedingly, indeed, even, in fact, right, just, really, only - used to intensify or to emphasise. Often used with statives and adjectives.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 125; Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 119-120;)
Kī tonu te rūma i te wāhine. / The room was full of women.
He matatau tonu a Tio ki te kōrero i te reo Māori. / Joe is very fluent in speaking Māori.
E hia ngā kakī i kitea e kōrua? Kotahi tonu. / How many black stilts did you two see? Only one.
Synonyms: anahe, nahe, anake, matau, tikanga, take, tōtika, matatika, mōtika, rā pea, kē, koia, koia, tinana, koa, katoa, rawa, i neki, inā, ata, rā anō, rānō, tino, tata, ake, noa iho, mārire, mārika, mārie, heipū, ia rā, ia, noa ake, tōkeke, noa, tou, tika, kau
4. (particle) on the contrary, of course, do so, do too, can too, are so - to show disagreement with a statement just made.
Rangi: E mea ana ia kāore ōna hū omaoma. Hine: He hū omaoma tonu ōna. Kei te karo kē pea i te oma (HJ 2015:58). / Rangi: She is saying that she has no running shoes. Hine: On the contrary she does have some running shoes. She is probably dodging the run.
Kei te maumahara tonu au. / Of course I remember.
Synonyms: engari, engaringari, anō, ehara
5. (particle) as soon as, immediately, promptly, forthwith, without difficulty - expresses the idea of immediacy, without delay or with little need for effort.
Pā tonu mai te karanga, ka whakaeke tō mātou ope. / As soon as we heard the call, our party went onto the marae.
6. (particle) quite, fairly, so so - to indicate didn't or hasn't yet reached its full potential or been fully realised.
I pai tonu, engari kāore i inati te pai (HJ 2015:59). / It was quite good, but not exceptional.
Synonyms: tino, noa iho, tou, (ko) tōna ... (nei), kāhua, hengahenga, hangehange, āta, kere, koia, rawa, āhua, anō, noa
7. (particle) almost, just about, virtually.
8. (particle) just like, exactly the same - when following rite.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 26;)
Kātahi, ka whakatika atu tētahi o ngā rangatira, ko Te Taero te ingoa. Anā, rite tonu hoki āna kupu ki ā ngā mitinare (JPS 1990:139). / Then one of the chiefs stood up. His name was Te Taero. Behold, his words were also exactly the same as the missionaries'.
See also rite tonu, he rite tonu, kia rite tonu
Synonyms: anō, me kore ake, me/mai/mei kore ake ..., mai kore ake, mei kore ake, rite tonu
9. (particle) always, all the time, continually (when following rite).
(Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 29;)
Ko tēnei wāhi i mōhio whānuitia, ā, he rite tonu te peka atu o ngā ope haere ki te whakangā, ki te whakahauora (TTR 1990:74). / This place was well-known and travelling parties stopped off all the time to rest and refresh.
See also rite tonu, he rite tonu
anō
1. (particle) again, more, same - a particle that sometimes indicates that an event is repeated or additional. Usually comes after manner, directional and locative particles, if they are present.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 67;)
Me hoki mai anō ia. / She must come back again.
Kei te pēhea koe? Heoi anō, ko taua āhua anō. / How are you? Oh well, just the same.
Synonyms: tāpiri
2. (particle) another, other, in addition.
3. (particle) also, too - often with hoki.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 129;)
4. (particle) a different, quite another.
I te kāinga, kāore e hamumu te waha. Engari kia haere ki te tāone me ana hoa, he tangata anō - he pākiwaha tonu (HJ 2015:64). / At home he doesn't say anything. But when he goes to town with his friends he's a different person - he's quite loud.
5. (particle) instead, rather, actually.
Ka tata mai taku ika ki te waka, ka hūtia ake, e hika, he rimurimu anō ia (HJ 2015:64). / When my fish was near the canoe and I lifted it up, lo and behold, it was actually seaweed.
Synonyms: engari
6. (particle) on the contrary, in actual fact, nevertheless.
Tahi: Kāore he tāngata o te toa ki te āwhina i a koe? Rua: He tāngata anō, engari i te warea kē ki te āwhina i ētahi atu (HJ 2015:65). / Tahi: Was there nobody in the shop to help you? Rua: On the contrary, there were people, but they were busy helping others.
Synonyms: ahakoa, hei aha koa, he ahakoa, hei aha (koa/noa iho), aua atu (rā), me aha koa, engaringari, tonu, ehara, engari
7. (particle) yet, already - to indicate completion or fulfilment of an action.
Hine: Kua kai anō kōrua? Rangi: Āe, kua kai kē māua (HJ 2015:66). / Hine: Have you two eaten yet? Rangi: Yes, we've already eaten.
8. (particle) until, when - when kia precedes the verb, anō indicates something will be completed when something else has been done. Adding rā before anō intensifies the meaning.
Kia mutu anō tō kai, kua pai tō puta ki waho. / When you've finished eating, you may go outside.
Kia tae rā anō tātou ki reira, ka kai ai. / When we finally arrive there, we'll eat.
9. (particle) then, only just, now for the first time, finally, only then will - used with kātahi and kā.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 74;)
Kātahi anō a Mīria ka hoki mai i Amerika. / Mīria has just returned from America.
Kia kite rawa aku kanohi, kātahi anō au ka whakapono (HJ 2015:67) / When I actually see it with my own eyes, then I will believe.
Synonyms: kātahi tonu ... ka ..., kāhi, kātahi anō ... ka ...
10. (particle) just like - when following rite, pēnei, pēnā or pērā.
Synonyms: tonu, rite tonu, me kore ake, me/mai/mei kore ake ..., mai kore ake, mei kore ake
12. (particle) up to the time spoken of, have not yet, has not yet, yet - when following kāore.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 56;)
Kāore anō tā tātou manuhiri kia tae mai. / Our visitors haven't arrived yet.
See also kāore anō ... kia
13. (particle) indeed, quite, actually, in actual fact, exactly, absolutely - used to intensify and add emphasis.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 109-110;)
Synonyms: mārire, pū, moruka, te mutunga (kē) mai (nei) o te ..., mārika, tahi, mōrukaruka, ehara ehara, pohapoha, puru, piropiro, hāwerewere, rukaruka, mārie, koia, rawa, āhua, tino, noa, tonu, kere, āta, hangehange, hengahenga, kāhua, (ko) tōna ... (nei), tou, noa iho
14. (particle) one ... another - when repeated with a noun.
He mahi anō mā te tāne, he mahi anō mā te wahine. / There is one task for the man and another for the woman.
āta koia
1. (interjection) well! you don't say! really! indeed! - an idiom expressing surprise or amazement.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 43;)
Synonyms: i nei, e kī (e kī), i nei
hā
1. (interjection) indeed! what! oh! hey! - an exclamation to express disapproval or surprise. The vowel may be long or short, but lengthening the vowel softens the exclamation.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 107; Te Pihinga Audio Tapes/CDs (Ed. 2): exercise 40;)
He kai Hainamana tā tātou i te pō nei. Ha! He tāmure i roto i te pouaka makariri. / We are having Chinese food tonight. What! There's snapper in the fridge.
Synonyms: e
ia nā
1. (particle) then, indeed, therefore - words to add emphasis, including to questions and commands. Sometimes written as one word, i.e. iana.
He tika ia nā. / That's very true.
Tēnā iana, whakaarohia te rerekētanga o te mita o te reo Ingarihi o te Kōtimana, o te Tatimana, o te Tiamana, o te Marikena, o ngā tōpito tonu o te whenua o Ingarangi! (HM 1/1997:6). / Then consider the differences in the accent of the English language of a Scotsman, a Dutchman, a German, an American and of the different parts of England.
See also ina
ia nei
1. (particle) then, indeed, therefore - a particle to add emphasis, including to questions and commands. Sometimes written as one word, i.e. ianei.
He aha ia nei te kōtiro rā tē rite ai anō ki a au? / Why, then, should this girl not do it just as I did?
Ko ngā Etiopiana, ko ngā Rupimi, he teka ia nei he ope tino nui rātou, he maha noa atu hoki ā rātou hāriata, ā rātou kaieke hōiho? (PT 2 Ngā Whakapapa 16:8) / Were not the Ethiopians and the Lubims a huge host, with very many chariots and horsemen?
He whawhaitanga, ko taua kupu anō. Kāore anō ia nei i mahue noa i te ngutu o te wahine, o te tangata (JPS 1990:153). / Battles have been fought because of that saying. To this day it has not completely left the lips of men and women.
koia
1. (particle) indeed, that is, here it is, it is the case that, so, hence, agreed, quite - used to emphasise what is being said.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 8;)
Koia anō pea kei tā tana tuakana te tika kia tere ai te tū o tana whare. / So his older brother was probably right in that his house would be built more quickly.
See also koia anō, koia kei a [koe], koia, koia, koia nā, koia nei, koia (rā/pū)
Synonyms: rawa, āhua, anō, tino, noa, tonu, kere, āta, hangehange, hengahenga, kāhua, (ko) tōna ... (nei), tou, noa iho
2. (particle) actually, exactly - used in interrogative sentences to give emphasis to a question.
Ko tāku whaiāipo koia tāu e pātai mai nā? / Is it actually my girlfriend that you are asking about?
koia, koia
1. well, well! you don't say! really! indeed! well done! that explains it - an idiom that sometimes is used to praise someone's work, idea or achievement, but it can also sometimes be a little scathing or scornful.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 43;)
Koia, koia! He aha te hē o konei mō tō tāua tēneti? / You don't say! What's wrong with here for our tent?
Koia, koia. Māu rawa te kī mai ki a au me ako au ki te tunu kai. Ko tō oati mai ki a au i a tāua i mārena ai, māu rawa tērā mahi (HKK 1999:85). / Well, well. You can actually say to me that I must learn to cook. Your promise to me when we were married was that you would do that job.
Hai aha atu māna ngā mahi a ērā rā, ko tāna kē he aro ki āna mahi kia tika i a ia. Koia, koia! / He shouldn't bother about what anyone else is doing, all he needs to do is concentrate on getting his work right. Isn't that right!
Synonyms: kē, tinana, koa, katoa, rawa, i neki, inā, tonu, ata, rā anō, rā pea, rānō, mārie, mārika, mārire, ia rā, tino
oti
1. (particle) then, so, exactly, indeed - used in questions to add emphasis.
E kore oti koe e haere? / Will you not go then?
Ko te pātai pea kei te korokoro o ētahi, he aha oti i pīrangitia ai ēnei kupu e te Taura Whiri? (HM 1/1995:5). / Perhaps the question some have is, so why does the Māori Language Commission want these words?
2. (particle) then, so, exactly, indeed - occassionaly used to add emphasis to utterances other than questions.
Tēnā oti kia wawe te whakamōhio mai mēnā e maunu ana tētahi o koutou i te kaupapa nei (HJ 2015:113). / So if any of you are pulling out of this project, please let me know urgently.
3. (particle) but - used as a conjunction.
Ko te āhua o tērā tangata, ki te kōrero, kāore i nui, kāore i roa, oti he poto (NM 1928:174). / The appearance of that man, and according to accounts, he was not big or tall, but was short.
otirā
1. but, but indeed, but at the same time - a conjunction.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 124;)
Otirā ehara i te mea ko te pītiti anake, engari ko ngā āhua rākau katoa pēnā tonu tō rātou ritenga (TP 12/1905:7). / But it's not as if it is only peaches, but all sorts of trees that are treated in that way.
rā pea
1. (particle) indeed, actually, really - adds emphasis. Often written as one word in earlier texts, i.e. rāpea.
Kua kitea ake rā pea te kai e au i mua. Tēnā ko taku tāne kātahi nei au ka kite ki tēnei mea a te moe tāne (JPS 1952:180). / I have seen food before, but now for the first time I experience the joys of marriage.
Synonyms: kē, koia, koia, tinana, koa, katoa, rawa, i neki, inā, tonu, ata, rā anō, rānō, mārie, mārika, mārire, ia rā, tino
rawa
1. (particle) indeed, really, exceedingly, exactly, so, very, quite, especially - a manner particle following immediately after the word it relates to to indicate extremeness or excessiveness. It may be used after all types of bases, but particularly with negatives, adjectives and verbs as described below. Where rawa follows a verb in the passive it will take a passive ending also, usually -tia. In this situation the passive ending may be dropped from the verb, but not from rawa.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 120; Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 44, 91-92;)
Hangaia rawatia he whare hou mōna (TTR 1996:134). / A new house was built especially for her.
Synonyms: koia, āhua, anō, tino, noa, tonu, kere, āta, hangehange, hengahenga, kāhua, (ko) tōna ... (nei), tou, noa iho, katoa, i neki, inā, ata, rā anō, rā pea, rānō, mārie, mārika, mārire, ia rā, koa, tinana, koia, koia, kē
2. (particle) eventually, finally, as soon as, by the time, only when, right up until - indicates a significant time lapse or effort and often follows verbs without verbal particles in subordinate clauses. Often followed by mai, atu, ake or iho.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 113;)
Tae rawa atu ia, kua moe kē a Herewini. / When they eventually arrived Selwyn was already asleep.
4. (particle) too, overly, unduly - this usage indicates an unsatisfactory degree of a quality or attribute (either excessive or inadequate).
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 120; Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 44;)
5. (particle) very, extremely, so, most - when preceded by an adjective and followed by atu it expresses the superlative.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 120; Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 44;)
6. (particle) all the way, completely, right to, right above - when following location words.
I kumea te waka ki uta rawa. / The canoe was dragged all the way up the beach.
7. (particle) until, till - following kia and a verb.
Me tatari koe kia tae rawa mai te pahi. / You had better wait until the bus arrives.
8. (particle) must, really had better - following me and a verb, it intensifies the meaning of the obligation.
Me hoki rawa mai koe ā mua o te weheruatanga o te pō. / You really had better return before midnight.
Synonyms: mātua, me, hōpurupuru
9. (particle) highest - when following runga.
I piki a Tāne ki te rangi o runga rawa. / Tāne climbed to the highest of the heavens.
tino
1. (modifier) importance, main, best, top, principal, pre-eminent, favourite, staple, real, true, absolute - when used before a noun to indicate something is unrivalled or is true or genuine.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 48-49;)
Koia nei te tino kai a taua iwi. / This is the staple food of that people.
Wairākau: Ko te tino tikanga o tēnei kupu mō ngā mea kei te whakamōmona i te whenua kia kaha ai te tipu o te kai (RK 1994:168). / Wairākau: The true use of this word is for things that are enriching the land so that crops grow strongly.
Synonyms: pekepoho, aporei, timuaki, tumuaki, tupu, tinana, tipu, ake, tūturu
2. (modifier) very, quite, exact, true, really - when used before an adjective or verb to show a high degree or absoluteness.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 48-49;)
3. (noun) main, important, value, significance, essence, essential, quintessence, soul, substance - when used as a noun.
Synonyms: matū, wairua, aporei, matua, whakaihiihi, waitohu, hiranga, whakahirahiratanga, hirahira, māramatanga
4. (interjection) I totally agree, yes indeed, agreed, positively - used to show strong agreement with a statement.
Te reka kē o te tītī nei! Tino! / This mutton bird is really tasty! Yes, indeed!
engari engari
1. my oath, you bet, yes indeed - an idiom used to agree strongly with a statement.
He tere atu ia i te tia ki te oma. Engari engari. Ko Hoani Wāka tōna matua. / She runs faster than a deer. Undoubtably. John Walker's her father.
Synonyms: ehara ehara
ehara ehara
1. my oath, you bet, yes indeed, of course, for sure, absolutely - an idiom used to agree strongly with a statement.
E kī, kei te tū a Hone hei mema mō Te Rōpū Māori. Ehara ehara. Kāore i ārikarika ōna pūmanawa. / Is that right, Hone is standing for the Māori Party. Yes indeed. He has many talents.
Synonyms: pū, anō, moruka, te mutunga (kē) mai (nei) o te ..., mārika, tahi, mōrukaruka, mārire, pohapoha, puru, piropiro, hāwerewere, rukaruka, mārie, engari engari, tonu
2. (interjection) no - in answer to a negative question.
2. (interjection) no, not on your life, no way - sometimes used to tell someone they are mistaken, or that the speaker got it wrong.
Pare: E āhua whakamā ana au kei mīere pai i a au tēnā koroua. Rangi: E, ko koe te mea e mīere! (HKK 1999:64). / Pare: I'm a little bit embarrassed that I might thrash that elderly man. Rangi: No way, you'll be the one who will be thrashed!
Synonyms: tōu ene, nōhea, nōwhea, weta, i neki, auare ake, he aha hoki, e hawa (e hawa), tē, karekau, kāo, kāore kau, kārekau, kāhore, āna, ehē, horekau, kāore, kāre
3. (interjection) oh! - used as an exclamation to call attention or to express surprise or admiration.
Synonyms: hā
