2. (noun) (sport) padding.
2. (noun) inflammation, swelling.
I noho te pauku hai tīmatanga whēwhē (Ng 1993:227). / The inflammation was the beginning of a boil.
3. (noun) protective war cloak - made of thickly woven harakeke that was dipped in water as a protection from spear thrusts.
I tua atu i te maro me te tātua, ko te tāpahu, me te pauku hei ārai i ngā reke (Te Ara 2016). / Apart from a maro (kilt) and a belt, there was a dogskin war cloak and a protective war cloak to shield spear thrusts.
2. (noun) shield, padding, protection, garment wrapped round the arm as protection from blows.
Ko ōna rākau patu, he kōpere, he taiaha, he hoari, he puapua (TWM 22/8/1863:3). / His weapons were bows and arrows, spears, swords and shields.
Synonyms: ārei, kahupeka, whakaruruhau, whakapuru tao, maru, ārai, pākai, hīra, pukupuku, waonga, amarara, hamarara, parahau, whakahau, whakangungu, pare, tiakanga, whakamaru, kaikaro, taumaru, whakahaumaru, pātūtū, taumarumaru, tiaki, tiakitanga, papare, whakangungu rākau
3. (noun) wreath.
4. (noun) vulva.
Ko te puapua te puaretanga o te tara o te wahine. / The vulva is the external opening of a woman's vagina.
5. (noun) pistil, carpel.
Synonyms: hema-uwha
6. (noun) petal.
Hei tango i te tae ka kopenua ka tātaritia ngā puapua mā ngā puapua o te toetoe, ērā momo tipu (Te Ara 2015). / To extract the juice, the petals were crushed and strained through toetoe and such plants.
Synonyms: raupua
7. (noun) clematis, Clematis paniculata, Clematis forsteri - climbing plants with white, showy flowers and hand-shaped arranged leaves with three 'fingers'. The seed heads are fluffy.
See also puawānanga
manaaki
1. (verb) (-tia) to support, take care of, give hospitality to, protect, look out for - show respect, generosity and care for others.
E tā, taku kupu ki a koe, kia manaaki i te tangata rahi, i te tangata iti...E puta te ope ware ki tō kāinga, hoatu tō kai rauhī māna, mā konā koe ka rangona e ngā nohoanga tāngata e haere ai ia. Hāunga te rangatira, ko tōna mana rangatira māna e hoatu he kai māna, nōna hoki ēnā taonga. E kore ia e waiho hei kōrero māna te kai, te manaaki a te tangata. E kite koe i te nohoanga i ngā ware haere hei hoa kai tahi mō rātau. Kaua hei whakaititia te tangata i runga i te tūnga kai, engari whakanuia ia e koe (TTT 1/9/1923:1). / My friend, let me say this to you, care for all people both great and small...When a visiting commoner arrives at your home, give him your best food and as a result you will be known by people wherever you go. This is apart from the chief, his chiefly mana enables him to provide food for himself because he has those resources. He will not talk about food and hospitality. If you see a place where commoners are sitting go and eat with them. Do not belittle a person based on the food presented, but honour him or her.
Manaakitia mai ā tātou kura māhita, ngā kaiārahi i ā tātou tamariki, i ngā mokopuna me te iwi (TTT 1/10/1921:10). / Look after our teachers, the counsellors of our children, grandchildren and the people.
Synonyms: taumaru, whakahaumaru, whakaruru, rī, tiaki, whakamarumaru, whakaruruhau, rauhī, parahau, araarai, whakahau, whakangungu, whakamaru, pare
2. (noun) support, hospitality, caring for.
Mā te manaaki i te tangata e tū ai te mana, e wehi ai te tangata ki a koe (WW 1915:256). / By providing hospitality to people is mana acquired whereby people respect you.
Kei te tangi au mō tā koutou manaaki nui rawa i a māua ko tōku hoa wahine (TTT 1/5/1922:1). / I am expressing my appreciation for your wonderful hospitality to my wife and me.
See also manaakitanga
papare
1. (verb) (parea) to turn aside, divert, ward off, parry, cause to face or point in a different direction, go to one side, avoid, evade.
Kāore ia i rite ki te nuinga atu o ana hoa tōrangapū nā te mea kore rawa ia i akona ki te kōrero parau, ki te kōhetehete, papare kē rānei i te take (TTR 2000:47). / He was unlike many of his political colleagues, because he never learned to lie, to quibble, or to evade an issue.
2. (noun) protection, fortification.
Synonyms: kaikaro, taumaru, whakahaumaru, pātūtū, taumarumaru, tiaki, tiakitanga, whakangungu rākau, waonga, amarara, hamarara, parahau, whakahau, whakangungu, pare, puapua, tiakanga, whakamaru
pare
1. (verb) (-a) to turn aside, ward off, divert, fend, go to one side, avoid, protect.
Kia oha tō ringa, kia parea atu: Kia tohu atu te ringa i te mihi, ka pare ake ai, arā ka whakakore atu i te pōhiri kia peka (M 2006:44 & 48). / With a hand salute you will decline (the invitation): The hand is pointed (towards the welcoming party) in acknowledgement of the greetings, then it is waved aside, and that is the gesture to signify that the invitation to call is declined (M 2006:45 & 49).
Synonyms: taumaru, whakahaumaru, whakaruru, rī, manaaki, tiaki, whakamarumaru, whakaruruhau, rauhī, parahau, araarai, whakahau, whakangungu, whakamaru
2. (verb) (-a) to refer, assign.
Parea ana mā te komiti tōpū e whiriwhiri (TP 8/1907:10). / It was referred to synod to discuss.
3. (noun) protection, fortification.
Me mau pare ngā tāngata e purei hōkī ana hei tiaki i ō rātou tā. / People playing hockey should wear protection for their shins.
Synonyms: kaikaro, taumaru, whakahaumaru, pātūtū, taumarumaru, tiaki, tiakitanga, papare, whakangungu rākau, waonga, amarara, hamarara, parahau, whakahau, whakangungu, puapua, tiakanga, whakamaru
rī
1. (verb) (-ia) to screen, protect, screen off, bind, shut out with a screen.
Synonyms: taumaru, whakahaumaru, whakaruru, manaaki, tiaki, whakamarumaru, whakaruruhau, rauhī, parahau, araarai, whakahau, whakangungu, whakamaru, pare
2. (noun) screen, bond.
tapu
1. (stative) be sacred, prohibited, restricted, set apart, forbidden, under atua protection - see definition 4 for further explanations.
I taua wā ko Te Riri anake te tangata o Ngāti Hine e kaha ana ki te noho i aua whenua. Ko te mea hoki e tapu katoa ana te whaitua nei, pokapoka katoa ana ngā hiwi i ngā rua tūpāpaku (TTR 1998:82). / At that time Te Riri was the only person of Ngāti Hine who wanted to live on the property, because the area was tapu and the surrounding hills were riddled with burial caves.
Synonyms: whakaihi, rohe, kura, whakatapu, puaroa, taparere, apiapi, rāhui, kōpiri, ārikarika
2. (modifier) sacred, prohibited, restricted, set apart, forbidden, under atua protection - see definition 4 for further explanations.
Kei te maumahara tonu ngā uri o Te Whiti ki te tūruapō, arā, te maunga tapu kei te tonga, kei tōna ātārangi he rākau, e pae rua ake ana i tōna peka ngā manu mōhio a Mumuhau rāua ko Takeretō (TTR 1994:172). / It is remembered by Te Whiti's descendants, namely that there is a sacred mountain to the south and in its shadow there is a tree with a branch and on this branch are two birds of knowledge, Mumuhau and Takaretō.
3. (modifier) holy - an adaptation of the original meaning for the Christian concept of holiness and sanctity.
Otiia hei minita anō rātou i roto i tōku wāhi tapu, hei tiaki i ngā kūwaha o te whare, hei minita ki te whare (PT Ehekiera 44:11). / Yet they shall be ministers in my sanctuary, having charge at the gates of the house, and ministering to the house.
4. (noun) restriction, prohibition - a supernatural condition. A person, place or thing is dedicated to an atua and is thus removed from the sphere of the profane and put into the sphere of the sacred. It is untouchable, no longer to be put to common use. The violation of tapu would result in retribution, sometimes including the death of the violator and others involved directly or indirectly. Appropriate karakia and ceremonies could mitigate these effects. Tapu was used as a way to control how people behaved towards each other and the environment, placing restrictions upon society to ensure that society flourished. Making an object tapu was achieved through rangatira or tohunga acting as channels for the atua in applying the tapu. Members of a community would not violate the tapu for fear of sickness or catastrophe as a result of the anger of the atua. Intrinsic, or primary, tapu are those things which are tapu in themselves. The extensions of tapu are the restrictions resulting from contact with something that is intrinsically tapu. This can be removed with water, or food and karakia. A person is imbued with mana and tapu by reason of his or her birth. High-ranking families whose genealogy could be traced through the senior line from the atua were thought to be under their special care. It was a priority for those of ariki descent to maintain mana and tapu and to keep the strength of the mana and tapu associated with the atua as pure as possible. People are tapu and it is each person's responsibility to preserve their own tapu and respect the tapu of others and of places. Under certain situations people become more tapu, including women giving birth, warriors travelling to battle, men carving (and their materials) and people when they die. Because resources from the environment originate from one of the atua, they need to be appeased with karakia before and after harvesting. When tapu is removed, things become noa, the process being called whakanoa. Interestingly, tapu can be used as a noun or verb and as a noun is sometimes used in the plural. Noa, on the other hand, can not be used as a noun.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 237-240; Te Kōhure Video Tapes (Ed. 1): 6;)
Kāore he kai maoa o runga i tēnei waka, i a Tākitimu, nā te tapu. He kai mata anake (HP 1991:9). / There was no cooked food on this canoe, on Tākitimu, because it was tapu. There was only raw food.
Ko tēnei i muri nei he karakia whakahorohoro i ngā tapu o ngā tāngata (TWMNT 3/4/1872:58). / The following is a ritual chant to remove the tapu of people.
See also rāhui
Synonyms: poropeihana, apiapi, aukatinga, here, kōpiri, rāhui
2. (verb) (-na) to look after, nurse, care, protect, conserve, save (computer).
I runga i te kupu a Henare Parata, ka tukua mai e te Tari Māori i Pōneke he nēhi, arā, he wahine tiaki tūroro (TP 2/1903:11). / On the word of Henare Parata, the Native Affairs Department in Wellington sent a nurse, that is, a woman who cares for sick people.
Synonyms: pupuri, pupuru, poipoi, tieki, tūpore, taute, pena, penapena, nāhi, nānā, tapuhi, morimori, nēhi, mohimohi, hiki, whakatapuhi, taumaru, whakahaumaru, whakaruru, rī, manaaki, whakamarumaru, whakaruruhau, rauhī, parahau, araarai, whakahau, whakangungu, whakamaru, pare
3. (verb) (-na) to have custody of.
Me haere tonu rātou ki te kōti, arā te Kōti Whānau, ki te tono mō tētahi pepa ki te hiahia rātou ki te tiaki tonu i ngā tamariki mō ngā rā katoa (RT 2013:80). / They must go to court, that is to the Family Court, to request a form if they wish to have full-time custody of the children.
4. (verb) (-na) to hold in trust, administer for others.
Ka kaha kē nei te āwhina a Meihana i te whānau o tana wahine, o Kahu, tiaki hoki i ō rātou pānga whenua i te poraka o Reureu, me tana tiaki, whakanui atu hoki i te marae o Te Hiiri (TTR 1998:32). / Mason unstintingly assisted members of his wife, Kahu's, family in managing their interests in the Reureu block and in maintaining and extending Te Hiiri marae.
5. (verb) (-na) to wait for, watch for.
Kei tātahi ia e tiaki ana i te waka o Karihi kia ū mai (W 1971:414). / He is at the beach waiting for Karihi's canoe to land.
6. (noun) looking after, protection, safeguarding.
Ko te tino kaupapa a Te Whiwhi ko te tiaki i ō rātou whenua (TTR 1990:345). / Te Whiwhi's primary focus was the protection of their lands.
See also tiakanga
Synonyms: tiakitanga, papare, whakangungu rākau, waonga, amarara, hamarara, parahau, whakahau, pare, puapua, tiakanga, whakamaru, whakangungu, kaikaro, taumaru, whakahaumaru, pātūtū, taumarumaru
2. (verb) (-tia) to name a child using special ritual karakia called tūā, baptise.
Whānau mai ana a Kepa ka tūātia hei Ringatū (TTR 1998:34). / When Kepa was born he was baptised into the Ringatū faith.
Synonyms: iriiri, whakaingoa, tapanga
3. (noun) ritual chants for protection including to facilitate childbirth, in the naming of infants, to ward off illness, catch birds and bring about fine weather.
He karakia anō mō Tāwhirimātea, he tūā mō te rangi (NM 1928:5) / There were ritual chants for Tāwhiri-mātea and ritual chants for the weather.
ture
1. (loan) (verb) (-tia,-a,-ngia) to make laws, make legal, protect legally.
E Tame, ko te ingoa o te taniwha nā he kekeno, he oioi rānei, he taniwha tapu, kua turengia e te Kāwanatanga (TP 10/1906:5). / Tame, the name of that monster is a furseal, a protected animal which has been legally protected by the government.
2. (loan) (noun) law, rule, statute, act (of parliament), commandment, ordinance, justice system.
E mātau ana koe ki ngā ture, Kaua e pūremu, Kaua e patu tangata, Kaua e tāhae, Kaua e whakapae teka, Whakahōnoretia tōu pāpā me tōu whaea (PT Ruka 18:20). / Thou knowest the commandments, Do not commit adultery, Do not kill, Do not steal, Do not bear false witness, Honour thy father and thy mother.
Synonyms: tikanga, tino rangatiratanga, kāwanatanga, rūri
3. (loan) (noun) formula, theorem.
He kīanga pāngarau te ture e whakaatu ana i te pānga o ētahi taurangi e rua, nui ake rānei. Hei tauira, ko te ture hei tātai i te horahanga o te tapawhā hāngai (TRP 2010:299). / A formula is a mathematical expression which shows the relationship between variables. For example the formula for calculating the area of a rectangle.
waerea
1. (noun) protective incantation - used as an ope approaches the marae of another kinship group.
Ki te tū ake te tangata i ngā rā o mua ka heria ake e ia tētahi tau māna, he pēnei pea i te waerea nei, he tauparapara, he whakaataata i te āhua o tāna whakapono ki te ao, ki te āhuatanga o tōna ao Māori (Wh4 2004:244). / In former times, if a man stood up to speak he would perform a chant, such as a protective recitation, or a ritual incantation to begin a speech, which reflected his beliefs about the world and aspects of his Māori world.
amarara
1. (loan) (noun) umbrella, brolly, parasol, protection, patronage, unifying agency.
He whakamarumaru te amarara i te ua me te rā. / An umbrella is protection from the rain and sun.
Synonyms: hamarara, ahuahunga, kaikaro, taumaru, whakahaumaru, pātūtū, taumarumaru, tiaki, tiakitanga, papare, whakangungu rākau, waonga, parahau, whakahau, whakangungu, pare, puapua, tiakanga, whakamaru
hamarara
1. (loan) (noun) umbrella, brolly, parasol, protection, patronage, unifying agency.
Rere ai ia ki runga noa atu, kātahi ka pupuri ki tētahi mea pēnei me te hamarara te āhua, ka tuku iho ai ki te whenua (TP 2/1900:4). / He was flying a long way above, then he held a thing shaped like an umbrella which let him down to the ground.
See also amarara
Synonyms: amarara, ahuahunga, kaikaro, taumaru, whakahaumaru, pātūtū, taumarumaru, tiaki, tiakitanga, papare, whakangungu rākau, waonga, parahau, whakahau, whakangungu, pare, puapua, tiakanga, whakamaru
kaikaro
1. (noun) defendant.
Ka āhei e te kaikaro te kī ko taua hē i mahia e ia i runga i te whakaaro e mahi tika ana ia i raro i ngā tikanga o tēnei Ture. / The defendant is able to say that that mistake that she made was done with the understanding that she was acting correctly under the provisions of this Act.
2. (verb) warding off, protection - using a spell.
Koia a Tāmure i mea ai mā tana kōtiro e kai taua hāngī, kua oti hoki tana kōtiro te karakia, te matatawhito, arā te whakangungu, te parepare, te kaikaro (NM 1928:145). / That's why Tāmure made his daughter eat that hāngī cooked food, because his daughter had completed the ritual chants, the ancient spells, that is, the spells that ward off, defend and protect.
Synonyms: taumaru, whakahaumaru, pātūtū, taumarumaru, tiaki, tiakitanga, papare, whakangungu rākau, waonga, amarara, hamarara, parahau, whakahau, whakangungu, pare, puapua, tiakanga, whakamaru
3. (noun) goalkeeper.
araarai
1. (verb) (-a,-hia,-tia) to screen, protect, ward off, screen on all sides.
Ka whakaora hoki koutou i tōku papa, i tōku whaea, i ōku tungāne, i ōku tuākana, me ā rātou mea katoa, ā ka araarai i a mātou kei mate (PT Hohua 2:13). / And that ye will save alive my father, and my mother, and my brethren, and my sisters, and all that they have, and deliver our lives from death.
Synonyms: taumaru, whakahaumaru, whakaruru, rī, manaaki, tiaki, whakamarumaru, whakaruruhau, rauhī, parahau, whakahau, whakangungu, whakamaru, pare, tītopa, pāhoka, pāhokahoka, pātakitaki, tūrutu, pātūtū, tauārai, mata, pā, ārai, rīanga, takitaki, pākai, pākai riri, pātū, pekerangi, ārei
whakahau
1. (verb) (-a,-tia) to shelter, protect.
Me whakatū he tēneti hei whakahau i a tātou kia kore ai e wera i te rā. / A tent should be erected as a shelter for us so that we aren't burnt by the sun.
Synonyms: taumaru, whakahaumaru, whakaruru, rī, manaaki, tiaki, whakamarumaru, whakaruruhau, rauhī, parahau, araarai, whakangungu, whakamaru, pare, ruruhau, pātakitaki, pāruru, tūrutu, pātūtū, taumarumaru, whakamauru, maru, piringa, tāwharau, tīhokahoka, whakamaurutanga
2. (noun) shelter, protection.
He taro tēnā, he whakahau paenga nō te kūmara (W 1971:39). / That is taro, a shelter around the edge of the kūmara patch.
Synonyms: kaikaro, taumaru, whakahaumaru, pātūtū, taumarumaru, tiaki, tiakitanga, papare, whakangungu rākau, waonga, amarara, hamarara, parahau, whakangungu, pare, puapua, tiakanga, whakamaru
kaiwhatu
1. (noun) spell to protect against mākutu and to ensure well-being.
He kaiwhatu te taonga pai ki te iwi Māori, hei tiaki mō te tinana, hei ārai atu mō ngā nanakia, mō te mākutu anake i whēneitia ai (H 1992:90). / To the Māori people, kaiwhatu spells are valuable assets to protect the body, to ward off treachery, but they are only used for countering mākutu.
