2. (noun) shredded leaves, left over pieces stripped off in the process of preparing flax.
Kaku. He kuka nō te harakeke kua tākirihia te whītau, te muka (M 2004:372). / Shredded leaves. The waste fibre of the flax after the woody parts have been removed to obtain muka (fibre used in weaving, etc.) (M 2004:373).
Synonyms: pūkaha
pūkaha
1. (noun) left over pieces stripped off in the process of preparing flax.
Synonyms: kaku
huarahi whakatau
1. (noun) settlement process.
Ka noho tō rāua mārenatanga hei huarahi whakatau i te puehu i waenganui i a Ngāti Pāhauwera me ngā hunga tautoko i a Te Kooti (TTR 1996:59). / Their marriage was the settlement process in the dispute between Ngāti Pāhauwera and the supporters of Te Kooti.
2. (noun) method, procedure, process, way, route.
Ko tētahi huarahi e ora roa ai tō tāua reo me whakaako i ngā kura Māori, kāhore he huarahi kē atu (RK 1994:49). / One way for our language to survive for a long time is that it should be taught in Māori schools, there is no better way.
tukanga
1. (noun) process, method, procedure, course of action.
I whakamāramatia e te kaumātua rongonui nō Ngāti Porou, e Apirana Ngata, te whakapapa, ...ko te tukanga o te whakaraupapa i tētahi mea i runga i tētahi mea (Te Ara 2013). / East Coast elder Apirana Ngata explained that whakapapa is ...the process of laying one thing upon another.
Synonyms: tikanga, pēwheatanga, tāera, huarahi, hātepe
hiku
1. (noun) tail (of a fish or reptile), footer (word processing), fullback (sport), suffix.
Kātahi ka kowheta te hiku, ka rongo hoki i te mamae o ngā taura kua nonoti tonu rā i waenganui o te puku (TWM 15/7/1865:3). / Then its tail thrashed about as it felt the pain of the ropes tightening around its stomach.
2. (noun) rear (of an army on the march, or travelling party), rearguard.
Taihoa, kia tapeke mai te hiku (W 1971:50). / Wait until the rear of the party catch up.
Kāore hoki i rongo i te kupu atu a te tuakana, kia kaua e takahia te hiku o te taua e whati ana, me waiho kia waiho kia tau te tapuwae (M 2004:280). / He did not listen to his elder brother's order that he was not to pursue the rear of the retreating enemy, but was to wait until they had halted and come to rest.
Synonyms: whakatautopenga
4. (noun) point, tip (of a leaf, etc.).
Ka whakatoretorea te kākaho, ko te hiku o runga o te kākaho hei whakatoretorenga, hei māhanga (W 1971:438). / The stem of toetoe was made into a noose, the tip of the toetoe stem was a noose, a snare.
Synonyms: koinga, toi, toitoi, tara, tihi, mata, matū, koi, tongi, kūmore, raenga, akitu, paina, ngahu, tāmore, matamata
5. (noun) headwaters.
tukanga auahatanga
1. (noun) creative process.
Ki ētahi ringatoi Māori, e toru ngā wāhanga o te tukanga auahatanga, ā, ka whakaritea ēnei ki ngā wāhanga e toru nei o te whakapapa, Te Pō Nui, Te Ao Mārama, me Te Ao Tangata (RMR 2017). / According to some Māori artists, there are three parts to the creative process and these are likened to the three stages of whakapapa, Te Pō Nui (The Great Night), Te Ao Mārama (The World of Light), and Te Ao Tangata (The World of Humans).
2. (verb) to follow in regular sequence, proceed in an orderly manner.
Kīhai i hātepe te haere o tana kōrero, i hikohiko (W 1971:38). / His talk was not well organised, it jumped about.
3. (noun) process, routine, procedure.
He hātepe utu nui te Kōti Whenua Māori mō te Māori (Te Ara 2014). / The Native Land Court was an expensive process for Māori.
4. (noun) straight flush (poker) - a hand that contains five cards in sequence, all of the same suit.
5. (noun) algorithm (maths).
Ko te hātepe tētahi tukanga, tētahi ara nahanaha hei whakaoti i tētahi rapanga, tētahi paheko tau rānei (TRP 2010:109). / An algorithm is a procedure or ordered pathway that is followed in order to solve a problem or a number operation (TRP 2010:109).
āpure
1. (noun) patch, circumscribed area, field (data processing).
2. (verb) (-tia) to repeat (any process), do again, copy, backup (computer), duplicate, dub.
I te taha o te awa rā, o Te Rere-o-Kapuni, ka rongo a Rātana i te reo e tārua ana i ētahi kupu a Tītokowaru (TTR 1996:153). / Beside the stream, Te Rere-o-Kapuni, Rātana heard a voice repeating words of Tītokowaru.
3. (noun) copy, duplicate, reproduction.
Āhua nui tonu nei ngā tārua kiriata i tukua ki Poihākena hei tohatohanga ki ngā whare tapere o reira (TTR 1998:172). / Several copies of film were sent to Sydney for theatre distribution there.
Synonyms: kape, whakaputa uri
2. (noun) outsider, foreigner - this is also a term used for people who are not related to the hapū or whānau members, including those who have married into the kinship group and do not have whakapapa links. Rāwaho were people who were excluded from decision-making processes by whānau or hapū because they had no whakapapa or land interests. Nowadays it would be difficult to be exclusive and to disenfranchise a blood relation of up to three degrees, living away from the tribal home, of entitlements to land and family decision-making processes. People in this situation would still be regarded as rāwaho, but would be able to become ahi kā and have decision-making power by returning to live in the tribal area and by participating in the hapū activities for a significant period.
Kāore hoki he rāwaho i whakaaetia kia uru mai ki tēnei huihuinga (TTT 1/12/1925:334). / And outsiders were not permitted to participate in that meeting.
Synonyms: tauiwi, tarutawhiti
manaakitanga
1. (noun) hospitality, kindness, generosity, support - the process of showing respect, generosity and care for others.
Kore rawa rātou e wareware ki ēnei manaakitanga ā mate noa rātou (TTT 1/8/1924:85). / They will never ever forget this hospitality until they die.
See also manaaki
Synonyms: tauwhirotanga, ngākau aroha, ngāwari, atawhai
tapu
1. (stative) be sacred, prohibited, restricted, set apart, forbidden, under atua protection - see definition 4 for further explanations.
I taua wā ko Te Riri anake te tangata o Ngāti Hine e kaha ana ki te noho i aua whenua. Ko te mea hoki e tapu katoa ana te whaitua nei, pokapoka katoa ana ngā hiwi i ngā rua tūpāpaku (TTR 1998:82). / At that time Te Riri was the only person of Ngāti Hine who wanted to live on the property, because the area was tapu and the surrounding hills were riddled with burial caves.
Synonyms: whakaihi, rohe, kura, whakatapu, puaroa, taparere, apiapi, rāhui, kōpiri, ārikarika
2. (modifier) sacred, prohibited, restricted, set apart, forbidden, under atua protection - see definition 4 for further explanations.
Kei te maumahara tonu ngā uri o Te Whiti ki te tūruapō, arā, te maunga tapu kei te tonga, kei tōna ātārangi he rākau, e pae rua ake ana i tōna peka ngā manu mōhio a Mumuhau rāua ko Takeretō (TTR 1994:172). / It is remembered by Te Whiti's descendants, namely that there is a sacred mountain to the south and in its shadow there is a tree with a branch and on this branch are two birds of knowledge, Mumuhau and Takaretō.
3. (modifier) holy - an adaptation of the original meaning for the Christian concept of holiness and sanctity.
Otiia hei minita anō rātou i roto i tōku wāhi tapu, hei tiaki i ngā kūwaha o te whare, hei minita ki te whare (PT Ehekiera 44:11). / Yet they shall be ministers in my sanctuary, having charge at the gates of the house, and ministering to the house.
4. (noun) restriction, prohibition - a supernatural condition. A person, place or thing is dedicated to an atua and is thus removed from the sphere of the profane and put into the sphere of the sacred. It is untouchable, no longer to be put to common use. The violation of tapu would result in retribution, sometimes including the death of the violator and others involved directly or indirectly. Appropriate karakia and ceremonies could mitigate these effects. Tapu was used as a way to control how people behaved towards each other and the environment, placing restrictions upon society to ensure that society flourished. Making an object tapu was achieved through rangatira or tohunga acting as channels for the atua in applying the tapu. Members of a community would not violate the tapu for fear of sickness or catastrophe as a result of the anger of the atua. Intrinsic, or primary, tapu are those things which are tapu in themselves. The extensions of tapu are the restrictions resulting from contact with something that is intrinsically tapu. This can be removed with water, or food and karakia. A person is imbued with mana and tapu by reason of his or her birth. High-ranking families whose genealogy could be traced through the senior line from the atua were thought to be under their special care. It was a priority for those of ariki descent to maintain mana and tapu and to keep the strength of the mana and tapu associated with the atua as pure as possible. People are tapu and it is each person's responsibility to preserve their own tapu and respect the tapu of others and of places. Under certain situations people become more tapu, including women giving birth, warriors travelling to battle, men carving (and their materials) and people when they die. Because resources from the environment originate from one of the atua, they need to be appeased with karakia before and after harvesting. When tapu is removed, things become noa, the process being called whakanoa. Interestingly, tapu can be used as a noun or verb and as a noun is sometimes used in the plural. Noa, on the other hand, can not be used as a noun.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 237-240; Te Kōhure Video Tapes (Ed. 1): 6;)
Kāore he kai maoa o runga i tēnei waka, i a Tākitimu, nā te tapu. He kai mata anake (HP 1991:9). / There was no cooked food on this canoe, on Tākitimu, because it was tapu. There was only raw food.
Ko tēnei i muri nei he karakia whakahorohoro i ngā tapu o ngā tāngata (TWMNT 3/4/1872:58). / The following is a ritual chant to remove the tapu of people.
See also rāhui
Synonyms: poropeihana, apiapi, aukatinga, here, kōpiri, rāhui
