pekepoho
1. (modifier) first, principal.
Ko ia te kaiārahi pekepoho o ngā tūruhi ki ngā tūāpapa o Ō-tū-kapua-rangi me Te Tarata i te moana o Rotomahana i mua i te hūnga o Tarawera Maunga i te tau 1886 (TTR 1994:25). / She was the principal tourist guides of the Pink and White Terraces at Lake Rotomahana before the eruption of Mount Tarawera in 1886.
2. (noun) youngest child (in a family), last born - originally the first-born in a family, but in modern Māori it always means the youngest sibling.
Ko Raiha te pekepoho o te whānau (TWK 35:12). / Raiha was the youngest of the family.
Synonyms: whakapākanga
timuaki
1. (noun) head, president, principal, head of an institution, crown of the head.
Ko te timuaki o te kāreti ko Archie Douglas (HP 1991:50). / The principal of the college was Archie Douglas.
Synonyms: perehitene, tumuaki, perehitini, perehitana, tino, pekepoho, aporei
tino
1. (modifier) importance, main, best, top, principal, pre-eminent, favourite, staple, real, true, absolute - when used before a noun to indicate something is unrivalled or is true or genuine.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 48-49;)
Koia nei te tino kai a taua iwi. / This is the staple food of that people.
Wairākau: Ko te tino tikanga o tēnei kupu mō ngā mea kei te whakamōmona i te whenua kia kaha ai te tipu o te kai (RK 1994:168). / Wairākau: The true use of this word is for things that are enriching the land so that crops grow strongly.
Synonyms: pekepoho, aporei, timuaki, tumuaki, tupu, tinana, tipu, ake, tūturu
2. (modifier) very, quite, exact, true, really - when used before an adjective or verb to show a high degree or absoluteness.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 48-49;)
3. (noun) main, important, value, significance, essence, essential, quintessence, soul, substance - when used as a noun.
Synonyms: matū, wairua, aporei, matua, whakaihiihi, waitohu, hiranga, whakahirahiratanga, hirahira, māramatanga
4. (interjection) I totally agree, yes indeed, agreed, positively - used to show strong agreement with a statement.
Te reka kē o te tītī nei! Tino! / This mutton bird is really tasty! Yes, indeed!
tuahangata
1. (personal noun) hero, male idol, principal male character, male celebrity - a familiar name for the main male character of a story, etc. and is often used as a proper name.
Nō konei ka haere mai a tuahangata i runga i tana hōiho mā (TTR 1990:220). / Here our principal male character came on his white horse.
tuawahine
1. (personal noun) heroine, principal female character, female celebrity, female idol - a familiar name for the main character or actor of a story, etc. and usually used as a proper name.
Ānō te rangi o te kōauau a Tūtānekai, me he rū nā anō e ueue ana i a tuawahine kia haere atu ki te kare ā-roto a tōna ngākau (NM 1928:110). / It was as if the tune of Tūtānekai's flute was an earthquake shaking our heroine to go to the love of her heart.
tumuaki
1. (noun) crown of the head.
Ka whakawahi te kaumātua rā i tana māhunga ki te kokowai, kātahi ka tono atu i tana tamaiti, i a Maniapoto, kia ngaua tana tumuaki. Mōhio tonu a Maniapoto e tuku mai ana tō rātou pāpā i te mana rangatira ki a ia (NIT 1995:173). / That elder anointed Maniapoto's head with red ochre, then asked his son, Maniapoto, to bite the crown of his head. Maniapoto knew that their father was passing his chiefly mana to him.
2. (noun) head, leader, president, principal, head (of an institution), chancellor, chief executive.
He mea whakatū anō hoki a ia hei tumuaki mō te pekanga ki Pōneke o te Rōpū Wāhine Toko i te Ora, ā, hei tumuaki tuarua, kaitiaki pūtea atu hoki mō te kaunihera ā-rohe o te rōpū nei ki Pōneke (TTR 2000:253). / She was also appointed as president of the Wellington branch of the Māori Women’s Welfare League, and vice president and treasurer of the Wellington district council.
Synonyms: perehitene, timuaki, perehitini, perehitana, tino, pekepoho, aporei, wheao, tumu whakarae, kaiarataki, kaikākāriki, ngārahu, tētēkura, uru, kaihautū, kaitakitaki, kaingārahu, manukura, manu taupua, tātāriki, amokapua, amokura, ariki, ihorei, kahika, tātarariki, poutoko, whakataka, amorangi, hautū, kaiwhakanekeneke, kaitaki, kaitātaki, kaiārahi, kākākura, pouwhenua, kaiwhakataki
wharepuni
1. (noun) principal house of a village, guest house, sleeping house.
Nā te paku o te whatitoka o te wharepuni, ka haere pekewhā ngā tamariki ki roto. / Because the doorway of the sleeping house was so small, the children went into it on all fours.
See also wharenui
tumuaki tuarua
1. (noun) vice president, deputy principal.
He mea whakatū anō hoki a ia hei tumuaki mō te pekanga ki Pōneke o te Rōpū Wāhine Toko i te Ora, ā, hei tumuaki tuarua, kaitiaki pūtea atu hoki mō te kaunihera ā-rohe o te rōpū nei ki Pōneke (TTR 2000:253). / She was also appointed as president of the Wellington branch of the Māori Women’s Welfare League, and vice president and treasurer of the Wellington district council.
rangatiratanga
1. (noun) chieftainship, right to exercise authority, chiefly autonomy, chiefly authority, ownership, leadership of a social group, domain of the rangatira, noble birth, attributes of a chief.
Kai whea tō rangatiratanga, tō ihi, tō mana, tō marutuna, tō maruwehi? (TPH 30/3/1900:2). / Where is your chiefly autonomy, your personal magnetism, your commanding presence, your inspiration?
2. (noun) kingdom, realm, sovereignty, principality, self-determination, self-management - connotations extending the original meaning of the word resulting from Bible and Treaty of Waitangi translations.
Anō te whakauaua o te tapoko o te hunga taonga ki te rangatiratanga o te Atua! (PT Maka 10:23). / How hardly shall they that have riches enter into the kingdom of God!
Synonyms: kīngitanga, tino rangatiratanga, mana motuhake, motuhaketanga
aporei
1. (modifier) principal, main, leading, chief, prime.
2. (noun) principal person.
I tino whakahētia e Timi Kara, tētahi anō o ngā aporei o Te Tai Rāwhiti, tēnei ture (TTR 1994:86). / This act was vigorously opposed by James Carroll, another of the East Coast principal people.
nā
1. (particle) there (by the listener) - used after nouns, location words, pronouns and personal names to indicate position or connection with the listener or the principal character in a narrative. Like the other two locative particles, nei and rā, it follows manner particles (i.e. kau, kē, noa, rawa and tonu) and directional particles (i.e. mai, atu, iho and ake) in the phrase if they are present.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 44;)
2. (particle) Used to refer to something just said by the listener or the speaker.
I mua o te taenga mai o tēnei ope kua hoki mai anō a Rongo ki tētehi o ōna pā, ko Motu-wheteke te ingoa. Koia nā te pā i whawhaitia ai a Rongo (JPS 1911:104). / Before this war party arrived Rongo and his people had returned to one of his other pā, named Motu-wheteke. It was in this pā where Rongo was attacked.
3. (particle) Used following possessive determiners to imply that the thing possessed is a little distance away, associated with the listener, or simply for emphasis.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 85-86;)
Whakarāpopototia ēnei kōrero ki āu ake nā kupu. / Summarise this story in your own words.
4. (particle) who, that, which - when used in dependent clauses to refer to something or someone just mentioned or mentioned by, or associated with, the person being spoken to.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 120;)
5. (particle) Used following koe, kōrua, koutou when giving opinions, etc.
Ki a koe nā, me pōti au mō tēhea rōpū tōrangapū? / In your opinion, which political party should I vote for?
Ki a kōrua nā, he pai tonu hoki tēnei ture, nē rā? / In your opinion, this law is quite alright, isn't it?
6. (particle) Sometimes used in close association with the same locative particle, or another, for emphasis e.g. nei nā.
I te kitenga atu o ngā koroua, o ngā kuia i te kaipuke o Kāpene Kuki, ka karanga, "He motu, he motu rere mai nō tawhiti ina e tere mai nei nā." (RK 1994:46). / When the elderly men and women saw Captain Cook's ship they called, "It's an island, it's an island sailing here from afar, it's sailing right here."
7. Used as a suffix in the words such as tēnā, ēnā, pēnā, konā, anā and koinā.
nei
1. (particle) here - used after nouns, location words, pronouns and personal names to indicate position or connection with the speaker or the principal character in a narrative. Like the other two locative particles, nā and rā, it follows manner particles (i.e. kau, kē, noa, rawa and tonu) and directional particles (i.e. mai, atu, iho and ake) in the phrase if they are present.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 44;)
See also neki
2. (particle) Also used to imply nearness to the present time, or a time or event just referred to.
Ka whakawhiti rāua ki Te Ika-a-Māui i te rā nei. / They cross to the North Island today.
I karangahia tēnei ko Te Heke Hauhaua, ā, ko Te Kāeaea tonu tētahi o ngā rangatira. Koia nei pea te wā i hoki ai a ia ki Te Wairarapa (TTR 1990:202). / This was called Te Heke Hauhaua and Te Kaeaea was one of the leaders. This was probably the time that he returned to Wairarapa.
3. (particle) who, that, which - when used in dependent clauses to refer to something or someone just mentioned.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 120;)
Ko Hōri te tangata e tū atu nei. / The man who is standing here is George.
4. (particle) Used following au, māua, mātou when giving opinions, etc.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 85-86;)
Ki a au nei, kāore a Nāhinara e rata ana ki te iwi Māori. / In my opinion, the National Party isn't kindly disposed towards the Māori people.
5. (particle) Used following possessive determiners to imply that the thing possessed is nearby, or for emphasis.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 85-86;)
Ki ōku nei whakaaro, kāore he take o tēnei Kāwanatanga. / In my opinion this Government is useless.
7. (particle) Used before koa and rā to introduce explanatory sentences.
Ka haere mātou ko aua tupua ki roto ki te awa o Whitianga, nei koa, he tokotoko i te ringaringa o ētahi o rātou mau haere ai (TAH 52:45). / Then we and those foreigners went up the Whitianga River. Now some of them carried rods in their hands
8. (particle) here - often starts a sentence.
Nei ka noho, ka noho, ka mahuki ake a whakaaro tērā pea ka whai hua tonu te wero atu ki te pātai, "He aha ia tēnei mea, te mātauranga Māori?" (HM 1/1998:2) / Here I sit and sit, and thoughts spring to mind that perhaps there is value in challenging with the question, "Just what is this thing Māori knowledge?"
9. (particle) on and on - used to indicate a long duration when the phrase with nei is repeated.
Ka mea atu tērā, "Waiho rā kia toru hoki ngā pō e rere ai, ā, ka kore e kitea te whenua, ka hoki ai tātou." Ka whakaae mai ngā hoa. I rere nei, rere nei. Kua tata ki te whenua (MM.TKM 1/11/1855:9). / That one said, "Let us wait and sail for three more nights and if we not don't find land we will return." The companions agreed. So they sailed on and on. Then they were near land.
Synonyms: haere ake nei, mau ake nei, āke, ake, ake
āpitihana
1. (loan) (noun) parliamentary opposition, Opposition - the principal parliamentary party opposed to that in office.
Ka mutu te whaikōrero a te Kāwana, ka tū atu a Mahi, te Tumuaki o te Āpitihana ki te menemana i ngā kupu whakahoki mō te whaikōrero a te Kāwana (TP 2/1912:11). / When the Governor finished his speech Massey, the Leader of the Opposition stood to make an amendment in response to the Governor's speech.
2. (loan) (noun) member of the Opposition.
I tōna tīmatanga he āpitihana ia (TP 2/1909:1). / When he began, he was a member of the Opposition.
rā
1. (particle) over there, there, yonder - used after nouns, location words, pronouns and personal names to indicate position or connection not near or connected with the speaker or listener or the principal characters in a narrative. It may indicate a spacial distance, or a distance in past or future time as discussed below. Like the other two locative particles, nā and nei, it follows manner particles (i.e. kau, kē, noa, rawa and tonu) and directional particles (i.e. mai, atu, iho and ake) in the phrase, if they are present.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 44;)
Kātahi anō te tangata rā ka puta mai. / The man over there has just appeared.
2. (particle) Used to imply distance from the present time, either in the past or future.
Ka mahi rātou i runga anō i ngā tikanga o mua rā. / They worked in accordance with the customs of earlier times.
Tēnei ka rongo au kua whakaae a Tā Hōri Kerei kia tū tēnei Pire i tēnei tau anō, engari hei tērā tau rā anō whakatūturutia ai hei Ture (TWMNT 2/11/1875:260). / I heard that Sir George Grey has agreed that this Bill should be passed this year, but that its final passing into law should be next year.
3. (particle) that, which, who - when used in relative clauses after the verb. The verb will be preceded by i or e.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 120;)
Kei te tika tonu ngā kōrero mō ngā tohorā i ārahi atu rā i te waka, i a Tākitimu. / The narratives about the whales that guided the Tākitimu canoe there are quite correct.
4. (particle) I wonder - an intensifier especially used with questions.
5. (particle) Sometimes used in close association with the same locative particle, or another, for emphasis e.g. rā rā.
Mutu rawa tōna waiata, ka whakatarunatia kia titiro te iwi nei ki te moana, ka karanga, “Ka puta rā rā! Ka puta rā rā!” (M 2004:160). / After singing her song, she enticed the people to look towards the sea, calling out, “There it goes! There it goes!”
6. (particle) Used as an intensive in greetings and requests.
rārā
1. (particle) over there, there, yonder - variation of rā. Used after nouns, location words, pronouns and personal names to indicate position or connection not near or connected with the speaker or listener or the principal characters in a narrative. Like the other two locative particles, nā and nei, it follows manner particles (i.e. kau, kē, noa, rawa and tonu) and directional particles (i.e. mai, atu, iho and ake) in the phrase, if they are present.
Me i noho koia hoki te Pākehā ki ētahi whenua atu rārā, tēnā hoki e pēhea? (JPS 1990:151). / If the Pākehā lived in other scattered lands, how would that be?
hikurangi
1. (noun) primary feather - feathers located towards the outer part of the wing and are especially important for flapping flight, as they are the principal source of thrust, moving the bird forward through the air. On the upstroke (when the bird often draws its wing in close to its body), the primaries are separated and rotated, reducing air resistance while still helping to provide some thrust.
