tāmoe
1. (verb) (-a) to press flat, smother, repress, suppress, inhibit.
Ka riro mā ngā whakawai, mā ngā kawekawe o te ao kōrero Pākehā tōna reo Māori e tāmoe, e tārona ka puta ia i te maru o taua kura (HM 3/1993:6). / The distractions and the influences of the English speaking world will smother and strangle their Māori language when they emerge from the shelter of that school.
Synonyms: kaupēhipēhi, pēhipēhi, koropehu, aupēhi, tāmi, pēhi, whakakōmau, tātāmi, kaupēhi
2. (verb) (-a) to overpower, subdue (by occult means).
He karakia tērā hei tāmoe i te hoariri. / That was a ritual chant to overpower the enemy.
ai
1. (particle) always, regularly, usually - shows habitual action. In this usage the verb is followed by ai, but no particle is used before the verb. In this and all the following subentries, if present, a manner particle (i.e. kau, kē, noa, rawa or tonu) will follow immediately after the verb, then a directional particle (i.e. mai, atu, iho, or ake), and then ai. Other particles (i.e. anō, hoki, anake, koa, rānei or pea) will follow ai in the phrase. The other locative particles, nei, nā, rā and ana do not occur when ai is used.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 8;)
Haere ai rāua ki te whare karakia i ia Rātapu. / They go to church every Sunday.
Ahakoa haere ia ki hea, haria ai e ia tana kurī. / No matter where she goes she takes her dog.
Haere ai ngā tāngata i ētahi wā, heoi anō, hoki tonu mai ai rātou (TWK 35:19). / People go away sometimes, but they continually return.
Synonyms: riterite, ka mutu tonu te/tā ...
2. (particle) and then, consequently - when ka preceeds the verb and ai follows it, this denotes an action or state consequent upon some previous action. This usage may also follow another clause beginning with mā.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 68; Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 29;)
Whakarongo ki ngā tohutohu, ka tīmata ai i ā koutou mahi. / Listen to the instructions and then start your work.
Kua pāhitia e te Kāwanatanga kia toru ngā tau kātahi ka hoki ai ngā minita ki ō rātou mīhana (TTT 1/11/1921:9). / The Government has passed a law that after three years the ministers then return to their missions.
Mā tāu rourou, mā tāku rourou, ka ora ai te iwi (HJ 2012:190). / With your small flax plaited food basket and my small flax plaited food basket the visitors will be sustained.
See also ka ... ai
3. (particle) when will, when did - used in questions and statements about when something happened or will happen. For the past tense i will preceed the verb and ai will follow, but in the future tense ai will follow the verb, but no particle, ka or e may preceed the verb.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 46, 85;)
Nōnahea ō mōhiti i ngaro ai? / When did your glasses go missing?
Āhea kōrua haere ai ki Te Waipounamu? Ā te 14 o Poutūterangi. / When do you two go to the South Island? On the 14th of March.
Hei te Rāhoroi tāua whakatā ai. / On Saturday you and I will rest up.
Kua hikitia tā tātou hui - hei ātahirā rā anō ka tū ai. / Our meeting has been put off - it will be held the day after tomorrow.
Mō āwhea e tuwhera ai te huarahi hou? (HJ 2012:185). / When will the new road open?
4. (particle) by what means, by what way, via where - in questions and statements about how someone is travelling or via what place.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 47-48;)
Mā hea koe haere ai? Mā runga pahi. / How did you travel? By bus.
Mā hea kōrua hoki atu ai ki Tāmaki-makau-rau - mā Tauranga, mā Rotorua rānei? Mā Tauranga. / What way are you two returning to Auckland - via Tauranga or Rotorua?
See also mā hea
5. (particle) when, where, which, who, whom, that, during which, at which (time), that caused, by which, whereby, why - In clauses in the past tense expressing a resultant action in relation to a particular time, place, reason, way, thing or person already stated in the first part of the sentence. In these subordinate clauses, i will preceed the verb and ai will follow.
(Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 43-44; Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 23-24; Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 28-29, 120;)
Ko Te Arawa te waka i ū mai ai ki konei. / Te Arawa was the canoe that landed here.
Ko te 1840 te tau i hainatia ai te Tiriti o Waitangi (HJ 2012:187). / The year that The Treaty of Waitangi was signed was 1840.
He hōhā nōku i kōrero pēnā ai. / It was because I was fed up that I spoke like that.
Koia rā te huarahi i tae mai ai rātou ki te marae. / That was the road by which they reach the marae.
Kāore taku mokopuna i whiwhi i tāna i hiahia ai ia. / My granddaughter didn't get that which she wanted.
See also tā ... i ... ai, he aha ... i ... ai, he aha ... i kore ai e ...?, he aha ai?, te ... ai
6. (particle) when, where, which, who, whom, that, during which, at which (time), that caused, by which, whereby, why - In clauses in the future tense expressing a resultant action in relation to a particular time, place, reason, way, thing or person already stated in the first part of the sentence. In these subordinate clauses, e (or sometimes ka) will preceed the verb and ai will follow. Also used for habitual actions and for subordinate clauses when time is more general and not just the future.
Ko te 7 o Haratua te rā e haere ai māua ki Potukara. / The 7th May is the day that she and I go to Portugal.
Ko te Hōhipera o Waikato te wāhi e pokaina ai ahau. / Waikato Hospital is the place where I will be operated on.
Mā te hīkoikoi i ia rā e ora ai ahau. / By walking each day I will become healthy.
Ko Aroha te wahine e tūtaki ai koe i te whare pukapuka. / Aroha is the woman who you meet at the library.
Me pēwhea ka ora ai tātou? (HJ 2012:189). / How will we survive?
See also he aha ... e ... ai, te ... ai
7. (particle) to (do something) - after verbs following location as an alternative to ki te.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 129;)
Haere atu ki korā tākaro ai! / Go over there to play!
Ki whea tātou tūtaki ai ā mua o te konohete? / Where will we meet before the concert?
8. (particle) so that, in order that - after kia.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 99; Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 31-32;)
E tuhia ana ēnei kupu kia ako ai koe i te reo Māori. / These words are being written so that you can learn Māori.
See also kia kore ai ... e ..., kia ... ai
9. (particle) why?, that - the negative tē also combines with ai, often to follow he aha to ask 'why', or following a reason that something didn't happen. A verb will be placed between tē and ai.
He aha kōrua tē haere tahi mai ai? / Why didn't you two come together?
Nā te pāngia o Hare e te mate tē tae mai ai ia ki te hui (HJ 2012:192). / Because Harry went down sick, he didn't make the meeting.
See also tē ai he ...
10. (particle) mainly because.
I wera katoa i te ahi, i te maroke ai hoki o aua rākau. / It was burnt completely by the fire, mainly because the timber was so dry.
2. (noun) median - the middle mark.
I te tau 2006, e 26 tau te toharite o te wahine Māori mō te whānau tamariki (Te Ara 2014). / In 2006 the median age of childbearing for Māori women was 26.
2. (noun) (mean) average.
tuwhiri
1. (verb) (-a,-hia,-tia) to disclose, reveal, divulge, make known.
Synonyms: whakakakau, whakaatu, whakakite, whakapuaki, whāki, whāwhāki, puaki
2. (noun) clue, means of discovering or disclosing something lost or hidden, hint, tip, pointer.
I kimihia e ngā pirihimana ngā tuwhiri mō te tāhaetanga (Ng 1993:59). / The police searched for clues to the theft (Ng 1993:59).
Synonyms: tīwhiri
2. (modifier) stingy, covetous, miserly, self-seeking.
Ka huna te tamaiti tūmatarau, ka kai i ana rare, kātahi anō ka puta ki te tākaro ki ana hoa (PK 2008:1001). / The covetous child hid and ate her sweets, then emerged to play with her friends.
3. (noun) miserliness, meanness, stinginess, covetousness, tightfistedness, parsimony.
Kāore e ware ōna kanohi, ka titiro tonu atu ki ngā mahinga a ētahi tāngata, koinā te tūmatarau, tōna tino tikanga he matapiko (W 1971:453). / Her eyes are never off their guard, and she continually looks at what other people are doing, that's what parsimony is, its real meaning is miserliness.
matapiko
1. (verb) (-tia) to be stingy, mean, covetous, ungenerous.
Kei te noho nama tātou ki taua whānau. Me whakaaro ake tātou. Ki te roa rawa te whakautu, kua amuamu, kua matapiko rātou. / We are indebted to that family. We should consider that. If we take too long to reciprocate they will begin to grumble and become ungenerous.
2. (modifier) mean, miserly, parsimonious, scrimping, avaricious, stingy.
Ko te tikanga o te whakataukī ‘He kākāriki kai ata’, e kōrero ana mō tētahi tangata matapiko ka kaihoro i te ata i mua i ngā mahi (Te Ara 2011). / The saying ‘He kākāriki kai ata’ (a kākāriki eating in the morning) refers to a stingy person who acts like the kākāriki, eating greedily in the morning before working.
Synonyms: ihupuku, kaihākere, ware, tūtūā, hākere, matamau, tūmatarau, kaiponu
3. (noun) miser, skinflint, tight-arse.
Ko te take tuatoru i kore ai te Maori e tohu taonga he wehi nō te Maori kei kīia ia he hākere, he matapiko, he kaiponu (TP 7/1907:4). / The third reason that the Māori would not accumulate possessions is the fear that they might be said to be stingy, mean and covetous.
Synonyms: kaiponu, kaihākere, makitaunu, porokaihākere, atuapo, pitokite, kaikoropeke, ringa poto
aronga
1. (noun) direction, facing.
Te urunga atu o Tama-inu-pō haere tonu, ā, ka pahemo i te takuahi i te aronga ake ki te ihonui, kātahi anō ka huri mai (NIT 1995:121). / Tama-inu-pō entered and went straight on past the hearth that faced the floor space at the front of the house and only then turned round.
2. (noun) focus, interest, desire.
Ko te mahi tuhituhi i ngā whakapapa me ngā kōrero tuku iho a Tainui te aronga tuatahi, te aronga nui a Pei (TTR 1998:72). / Pei's first and main focus was in the recording of Tainui genealogies and traditions.
3. (noun) sense, separate meaning (of a word, phrase or sentence), definition.
Ka urutaungia te kupu tāngata whenua kia pā ki ngā iwi me ngā hapū, e whai kanohi ake ai rātou i te manene. Ko ētahi anō aronga o tēnei kupu ko te iwi tuatahi, ko te iwi manaaki hoki (Te Ara 2015). / Māori also adapted the term ‘tangata whenua’ (people of the land), to refer to iwi and hapū, as distinct from non-Māori. Other meanings of this term are 'the first people' and ‘host people’.
4. (noun) purpose.
Ka tū ake ahau ki te tautoko i tēnei Pire, nō te mea ki tōku whakaaro e tika ana te aronga o tēnei Pire - arā e āwhina ana i ngā kaimahi pāmu (RT 2013:4). / I stand to support this Bill, because in my opinion the purpose of this Bill is appropriate - namely assisting farm workers.
Synonyms: hoaketanga, whāinga, kaupapa, take, koronga, tikanga, tātai
hei
1. (particle) at, in, on, with - sometimes used of future time or place.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 48;)
See also hai
2. (particle) Used with kinship terms to show relationships.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 54;)
See also hai
3. (particle) for, to, as, as a means of - denoting future purpose, intention, etc. In this usage hei is followed by active transitive verbs, but is not used with intransitive verbs, verbs in the passive or with statives.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 76;)
Anei te oka hei tapahi i te mīti. / Here is the butcher knife to cut the meat.
4. (particle) replaces e to form a negative imperative with kaua.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 67; Te Pihinga Study Guide (Ed. 1): 40-41;)
5. (particle) replaces e in the future grammatical structure to emphasise the agent of an action.
Ka riro mā te wai hei whakanoa. / It is the water's job to remove the tapu.
kaihākere
1. (verb) (-tia) to be miserly, niggardly, mean, stingy, tightfisted, mingy.
Ahakoa rā e kaiponu ana, e kaihakere ana rānei ki te titiro atu a te kanohi Māori, koia rā te mea tika, he manaaki i roto i ngā wā taumaha (TTT 1/10/1930:2170). / Although it is being miserly or mean in Māori eyes, that's the right thing to do, to conserve in difficult times.
See also porokaihākere, hākere
Synonyms: kaiponu, tūmatarau, tūtūā, hākere, matamau, matapiko, ware
2. (modifier) miserly, niggardly, stingy, tight-fisted, ungenerous, mingy.
Ko te whakahoki tēnei ki te tangata kaihākere (TP 12/1907:5). / This is the response to a skinflint.
3. (noun) skinflint, miser, cheapskate, niggard, tightwad, meanie, a mean person, someone inclined to be stingy.
E te atua o te matapiko, e te kaihākere! (TP 11/1903:1). / O demon of miserliness, skinflint!
Synonyms: porokaihākere, ringa poto, kaiponu, matapiko, makitaunu, atuapo, kaikoropeke, pitokite
tūtūā
1. (verb) to be low-born.
Kore rawa ia i whakaae ki te kohikohi kōrero mā Waiti mō te mākutu; he mea tūtūā ka tahi, ka rua kei kitea tōna kūaretanga (TTR 1994:117). / He refused to collect information for White about mākutu, firstly because this would be a lowly thing to do, and secondly would also reveal his own ignorance.
2. (modifier) disrespectful, lowly, mean, low-born.
Kātahi te mahi tūtūā ko tā koutou, ki te whakapononga i ēnei tāngata i paea mai nei e te marangai ki ō koutou tatau. Mehemea i riro mai i a koutou i runga i te rau o te patu kātahi ka tika tā koutou mahi, tēnā ko tēnei he mahi tūtūā tā koutou mahi kāore e tika mā ngā rangatira (TP 4/1912:1). / What a disrespectful thing to do, to treat as slaves these people who have been cast ashore by the storm at your doors. If you had taken them in battle then what you did would be legitimate, but what you have done is a lowly thing to do and not appropriate for the nobly born.
Synonyms: poroteke, ngākau pāpaku, atuapo, mahimahi, ware, matamau, matapiko, kaihākere, hākere
3. (noun) person of low birth, commoner, ordinary person.
Engari kāore tōna iwi i whakaae kia mahia e te rangatira ngā mahi a te tūtūā, ka tonoa kia mutu (TTR 1994:171). / But his people did not agree that the work of an ordinary person should be done by a chief and he was asked to desist.
waonga
1. (noun) means of defence, protection.
Ka arumia atu, ka ngāwari te puhipuhi i ngā kaiaru nō te mea i hangā he rāihe kaha ki muri o Ruapekapeka hei waonga i a rātou i ngā hōia (TTR 1990:36). / They were pursued and it was easy to shoot the pursuers because a strong defensive stockade had been built behind Ruapekapeka as a defence against the soldiers.
Synonyms: kaikaro, taumaru, whakahaumaru, pātūtū, taumarumaru, tiaki, tiakitanga, papare, whakangungu rākau, amarara, hamarara, parahau, whakahau, whakangungu, pare, puapua, tiakanga, whakamaru
2. (particle) by, made by, acted on - mā combines with e to form a future tense emphasising who or what will do the action, sometimes called the actor emphatic. This grammatical construction is only used with transitive verbs, not with intransitive verbs, with statives (neuter verbs), or with verbs in the passive.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 65; Te Kākano Study Guide (Ed. 1): 41-42;)
Synonyms: nā
3. (particle) Used with hei to show relationships.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 54;)
4. (particle) by way of, via, through.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 47-48; Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 66;)
5. (particle) by means of, on - followed by runga.
Haere ai tō mātau pāpā ki tana mahi mā runga hōiho (HP 1991:27). / Our father went to his work by horseback.
See also mā hea
6. (particle) Used in names for the points of the compass.
He aha rawa te hau e pupuhi mai nei? He marangai mā tonga. / What is the wind that's blowing? It's a south-easterly.
See also marangai-mā-raro, raki-mā-rāwhiti, uru-mā-raki
2. (particle) at, in - to show the place where an event occurs, especially if there is movement to where the event takes place or it is in the future.
(Te Māhuri Study Guide (Ed. 1): 32;)
Nō te tau 2004 ka tū te hui ki Te Whare Wānanga o Tāmaki Makaurau. / The conference was held in 2004 at the University of Auckland.
3. (particle) according to, in the opinion of - used to introduce an opinion or point of view.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 85-86;)
Synonyms: hei tā ..., e ai ki, e ai ki a [ia] ..., kīhai ki
4. (particle) Used with hei to show relationships.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 54;)
5. (particle) with, by means of.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 24-26;)
Tapahia te mīti ki te naihi koi. / Cut the meat with a sharp knife please.
6. (particle) Sometimes ki merely connects the verb to its object, especially when experience verbs are used (e.g. pīrangi, hiahia, mōhio, mahara, tūmanako).
7. (particle) if.
hākere
1. (adjective) be stingy, miserly, mean, mingy, niggardly, tight-fisted, ungenerous.
Ko te take tuatoru i kore ai te Māori e tohu taonga he wehi nō te Maori kei kīia ia he hākere, he matapiko, he kaiponu (TP 7/1907:4). / The third reason that the Māori would not accumulate possessions is the fear that they might be said to be stingy, mean and covetous.
See also kaihākere, porokaihākere
Synonyms: tūmatarau, kaiponu, kaihākere, matamau, tūtūā, ware, matapiko
whakapua
1. (verb) (-ria,-tia) to cause to smoke, smoke out, drive away by means of smoke, make a signal by smoke.
Ka whakapua te tangata i te ahi, e kore e tata mai aua iwi (W 1971:301). / The man made the fire smoke and those species would not come near.
See also whakapoa
2. (modifier) thoughtlessly, carelessly, off one's guard.
Ā, piki ware noa a Karihi; i a Tāwhaki ngā karakia (Tr 1874:44). / Karihi just climbed up thoughtlessly, but Tāwhaki said the karakia.
3. (modifier) lowly, low in social position, mean.
Ka whakapikoa anō hoki te tangata ware (PT Ihaia 5:15). / And the mean man shall be brought down.
4. (modifier) in ignorance, ignorantly.
Haere ware atu te taua a Taraia, ko Ngāti Hauā e noho ana i Waiharakeke (JPS 1990:129). / Taraia's war party went in ignorance that Ngāti Hauā were living at Waiharakeke.
5. (noun) commoner, low-born, nobody.
Ka titiro mākutu atu a Te Rauparaha anō nei he ware noa a Te Whiwhi (TTR 1990:345). / Te Rauparaha stared at Te Whiwhi as if he was just a nobody.
Synonyms: mahimahi, tūtūā, atuapo, pākorehā, kore noa iho, kāore he tangata
