tumu
1. (noun) foundation.
Ko ngā whakairo i oti i whakamaua ki te anga whare Pākehā he raima te tumu (TTR 1994:62). / The completed carvings were attached to a European frame on concrete foundations.
See also tumu kōrero
2. (noun) stump, base.
Ka pahure ngā tau ka pirau te take. Ka poroa atu tērā wāhanga ka whakaarahia anō. Nā te maha o ngā poroporonga ka poto rawa te rākau nei. Nō te tau 1954 tonu nei, ka tukuna te tumu ki te whare pupuri taonga o Tūranga (TTR 1990:16). / Over the years the base rotted. That part was cut off and it was re-erected. Because it was shortened many times this tree was very short. In 1954 the stump was gifted to the Gisborne Museum.
3. (noun) post, pole, stake.
Heoi ka tūpato tana iwi ki tērā, ka tōia ngā waka ki ngā tumu ka herea, kia kore ai ia e hoe atu ki te moutere (Te Ara 2014). / However her people were suspicious and dragged their canoes up to the mooring stakes and tied them up so that she could not paddle across to the island.
See also tumu herenga waka
Synonyms: pōhi, pouihi, toko, tiripou, turupou, tumutumu, pōra, poupou, pou, tīrou, tōpito o te ao, pōhi, turuturu, koteo, tokotoko
4. (noun) dependable leader.
Ko ia tonu te tumu here i ngā iwi e rua i pai ai te noho i Te Ara-a-Kiwa (TTR 1990:329). / He was a dependable leader of both peoples for good relationships in Foveaux Strait.
See also tumu whakarae
5. (noun) main post of the palisading of a pā.
He nui ngā wharepuni, wharau, me ngā whare, kāuta, pātaka, pūkiore; he whakairo ngā tumu o te pā, me ngā kūwaha me ētahi atu mahi (TP 11/1909:4). / There are many sleeping houses, shelters, houses, cooking sheds, store houses and houses with decorative panels; and the main palisade posts of the pā are carved, as well as the gateways and other constructions.
6. (noun) stake for marking boundaries of fishing grounds.
Ka makere ia ki te wai, kau atu ana. Ka pā atu ia ki tētahi pou e tū ana i te taha o te tāhuna, o te hōhonu, he tumu nā tōna matua, nā Umukaria, kei te moana. Ko Hinewhata te ingoa o taua tumu. Ko tēnei tumu ko tōna ritenga koia tēnei. Ka whiwhi te tino rangatira i te oneone, whiwhi ana ki uta, whiwhi ana ki te moana, koia i meinga ai, 'kei uta ētahi o ōna oneone, kei te wai ētahi' (Biggs 1997:109). / She dropped into the water and swam. She came upon a post standing on the edge of a sandbank and the deep water, a fishing boundary marker in the lake belonging to her father, Umukaria. Its name was Hine-whata. The significance of this fishing boundary marker was this. When an important chief possessed territory he owned the land and the lake or sea, so it was said 'part of his territory is on land and part in the water'.
7. (noun) bird snare.
Ko te tumu, he peka rākau iti kua wehe te pito kia rua ngā peka iti iho. Ka herea ngā pito o ēnei peka iti. Ka waihotia te peka kia hono tonu ki te rākau, ka tapahia rānei ka whakamaua ki rākau kē. Kātahi ka whakairia he kono ki runga me te taura i te taha o te kaihopu kei tōna maimai e huna ana. Ka tiaina te taura ki te whenua. Tau ana he manu ki te tumu ka kūmea te taura kia mau ai te manu i te kono (Te Ara 2014). / The tumu was a small branch that divided into two branchlets. These were tied together at the end. The branch was left growing on the tree, or cut and reattached to another tree. Then a snare-loop was laid on it and a cord tied to this loop led to a shelter where the fowler was hidden. The cord was stuck in the ground. When a bird landed on the tumu, the fowler pulled the loop to catch the bird in the snare-loop.
8. (noun) trunk (of the body).
Te kauwae o Tāwhaki, te kakī o Tāwhaki, te porongāue o Tāwhaki, te tumu o Tāwhaki (White 1 1887:93). / Tāwhaki's jaw, Tāwhaki's neck, the nape of Tāwhaki's neck, Tāwhaki's trunk.
9. (noun) base - a word that expresses lexical or real meaning in a sentence or phrase, e.g. whare, haere, hea, Te Kūiti, tātahi, Ani, riro.
Tumu: He kupu kiko koia te karihi o te kīanga (HJ 2015:12). / Base: This is a meaningful word that is the nucleus of the phrase.
Synonyms: kupu kiko
2. (noun) foundation, basis.
Ko Papatūānuku e takoto nei ko te paparahi (HS 2014:8). / Papatūānuku who lies here is the foundation.
3. (noun) continent.
E nukunuku tonu ana ngā paparahi (RP 2009:312). / The continents are continually moving.
piri
1. (verb) (-ngia) to stick, adhere, cling, keep close.
Kei te āta āngia haeretia e te Pākehā, āpōpō ake nei piri mai ana i ngā pari, i runga rānei i ngā keokeonga o ngā maunga (TTT 1/3/1930:1992). / We are slowly being driven out by the Pākehā and soon will be clinging to the cliffs or on the peaks of the mountains.
2. (modifier) adhering to, loyal to, supporting, sticking to.
He tokomaha o ngā tāngata piri ki te Kīngi Māori kua poka tikanga hei ārai mō tā te Kāwana whakahaere ki ētahi atu iwi Māori i runga i ngā mea kāhore nei ō rātou wāhi e whai tikanga ai (TMT 1/6/1861:2). / A large number of people loyal to Māori King have interfered as an obstacle to the Governor's operations with other Māori tribes in matters with which they have no concern.
3. (noun) adherence, loyalty, commitment, allegiance.
Kua whakatūria he mana hou, e kore rawa nei e āhei te tū tahi rāua ko te piri ki a Te Kuīni, e tapahi nei hoki i runga i te Kawenata o Waitangi (TMT 1/6/1861:2). / A new authority has been set up that is inconsistent with allegiance to the Queen, and in violation of the Treaty of Waitangi.
Synonyms: pirihongo, ngākau pono, ngākaupono, piripono
4. (noun) closely woven protective mat - used as a defence against spear thrusts.
Na ko te piri, ko te pukupuku, ko te māhiti, ko te pūahi, ko te tōpuni hei kākahu whawhai, hei whakapuru mānuka, huata (W 1971:283). / Now the closely woven protective mat, the flax shield, the white hair of dogs' tails cape, the dogskin cloak of dark hair with white borders were fighting garments and for protection against thrusting weapons and long weapons.
5. (noun) woven flax foundation of a dogskin cloak.
pū
1. (particle) exactly, precisely - an intensifier which follows the word it modifies.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 181;)
Ahakoa kāore i matatau rawa ia ki te kōrero Māori ā-kīwaha, i tua atu i te reo ā-tuhi, i kaha pū tonu a Pat ki te whakaū i te reo ā-waha, me ngā tikanga Māori anō hoki (TTR 2000:81). / Although she was not very fluent in colloquial Māori, Pat placed strong emphasis on the spoken as well as the written language and on cultural practices.
Synonyms: koia pū
2. (particle) precise, very, exact - when following a noun.
3. (particle) completely, absolutely, very.
He hoa taupiri, he hoa pono pū a Toka nōku (HJ 2015:96). / Toka is an intimate and very close friend of mine.
Synonyms: tahi, mōrukaruka, mārire, pohapoha, puru, piropiro, hāwerewere, rukaruka, mārie, ehara ehara, anō, moruka, te mutunga (kē) mai (nei) o te ..., mārika
5. (noun) origin, source, cause, root, base, foundation, letter (alphabet), centre, core, hub.
tūāpapa
1. (noun) terrace, platform, flat rock, foundation, dias.
Ko ia te kaiārahi pekepoho o ngā tūruhi ki ngā tūāpapa o Ō-tū-kapua-rangi me Te Tarata i te moana o Rotomahana i mua i te hūnga o Tarawera Maunga i te tau 1886 (TTR 1994:25). / She was the principal tourist guides of the Pink and White Terraces at Lake Rotomahana before the eruption of Mount Tarawera in 1886.
Synonyms: kaupapa, kāraho, whatārangi, kahupapa, ahurewa, atamira, raho, rahoraho
tumutumu
1. (noun) stump, post, pole, stake, foundation.
Nō te hāpaitanga ake o taua tumutumu nei, i a rātou anō e tapahi ana i ngā paiaka o raro, ka kitea te ngārahu me ētahi toki kōhatu nei e takoto ana i roto (TWMNT 9/2/1875:34). / When they were lifting the stump up, and while they were cutting the roots underneath, they discovered charcoal and some stone adzes lying inside.
Synonyms: koteo, tokotoko, toko, tiripou, turupou, tumu, pōra, poupou, pou, tīrou, tōpito o te ao, pōhi, turuturu, pōhi, pouihi
2. (noun) beater, striker - ancient musical instrument made of stone or wood used to set rhythms for chanting.
(Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 166;)
He taonga o nehe te tumutumu hei taki ūngeri i te taha o te karakia. Ka hangaia ki te kōhatu, te kōiwi, te rākau rānei (RTP 2015:73). / The tumutumu is an ancient instrument to beat the rhythm for a ritual chant. They are made of stone, bone or wood.
Kaupapa Mātauranga mō te Iwi Māori
1. (noun) Māori Education Foundation.
He kaihautū, mema pūmau anō hoki a ia nō te Rōpū Wāhine Toko i te Ora i te tau 1951, ko ia anō hoki tētahi o ngā mema tuatahi o te Kaupapa Mātauranga mō te Iwi Māori i te tau 1960 (TTR 2000:67). / She was also a leader and foundation member of the Māori Women’s Welfare League in 1951 and also one of the first members of the Māori Education Foundation in 1960.
Tūwhare, Hone
1. (personal name) (1922-2008) Ngā Puhi, Ngāti Korokoro, Ngāti Tautahi, Te Popoto, Te Uri-o-Hau - Renowned Poet and socialist who was born at Kokewai, Mangakāhia but spent most of the second part of his life at Kaka Point on the Catlins coast. Poetry collections include No Ordinary Sun and Come Rain Hail. Robert Burns Fellow at the University of Otago in 1969 and again in 1974. At the end of his two year term he published Piggy Back Moon which was shortlisted in the 2002 Montana New Zealand Book Awards. Awarded the University of Auckland Literary Fellowship in 1991. Named New Zealand's second Te Mata Poet Laureate in 1999. Among ten of Aotearoa/New Zealand's greatest living artists named as Arts Foundation of New Zealand Icon Artists at a ceremony in 2003. In 2003, awarded one of the three inaugural Prime Minister's Awards for Literary Achievement.
Kāwharu, Ian Hugh
1. (personal name) ONZ, FRSNZ (1927-2006) Ngāti Whātua; academic and ariki. Educated at Auckland Grammar School, University of Auckland (BSc), Cambridge (MA) and Oxford (MLitt, DPhil) Universities. Became the foundation professor of Social Anthropology and Māori Studies at Massey University in 1970. Professor of Māori Studies and head of the Department of Anthropology at the University of Auckland (1985-1993). Chair of Ngāti Whātua o Ōrākei Māori Trust Board (1978-2006). Served on the Royal Commission of the Courts (1976-1978), the New Zealand Māori Council, the Board of Māori affairs (1987-1990) and the Waitangi Tribunal (1986-1996). He was a Aotearoa/New Zealand delegate to UNESCO and a consultant to the United Nations economic and Social Council and the Food and Agriculture Organization. He was also President of the Polynesian Society. Knighted in 1989 and appointed a member of the Order of New Zealand in 2002.
Penfold, Merimeri
1. (personal name) CNZOM (1924- 2014) Ngāti Kurī. Lecturer in Māori language at Auckland University for more than 30 years from which she has received an honorary Doctorate. She was a member of the Māori Education Foundation, the University of Auckland Marae Establishment Committee and an executive member of the Broadcasting Commission from 1989 to 1991. Dr Penfold was also a co-member of the editorial team that worked on the seventh edition of Williams Dictionary of the Maori Language. She has translated nine of Shakespeare's sonnets, Ngā Waiata Aroha a Hekepia. She was made a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit for services to Māori in 2001.
Kēnara, Tāmihana
1. (loan) (personal name) Thomas Kendall (1778?-1832) Early missionary in the northern Bay of Islands, arriving in 1814. Published the first book in Māori and together with Professor Samuel Lee of Cambridge University laid the orthographic foundations of written Māori.
Engari i te tau 1820, ka hoki atu a Te Kēnara ki Ingarangi… (TP 6/1908:1). / But in 1820, Mr Kendall returned to England…
