rāua
1. (pronoun) they, them (two people) - like all pronouns and personals, takes a when following ki, i, kei and hei but does not take a when used as the subject of the sentence. Never occurs after he, te and ngā.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 13, 31-32, 52-56, 64-65;)
Kua mihia rāua e ngā iwi o te motu nei, Pākehā, Māori, ā kua whiti atu ināianei ki Ahiterēria haere ai. Kāore rawa he raruraru i pā ki a rāua, mai anō o te taenga mai, ā tae noa ki te hokinga atu (TTT 1/4/1927:564). / They have been welcomed by the peoples of this country, Pākehā and Māori, and have crossed now to Australia to travel about. Absolutely no difficulties affected them from the time they arrived until they returned.
See also rāo
2. (pronoun) and - used after the first name when two people's names are mentioned, including when addressing two people by name.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 13;)
Kua mahue a Tānia rāua ko Te Mete i te waka rererangi. / Tānia and Smithy have missed the plane.
E Tama rāua ko Māka! (W 1971:329). / Tama and Mark!
3. (pronoun) and - sometimes also used to join nouns, especially if they are personifications or refer to people.
Kua noho te tangata whenua rāua ko te manuhiri. / The hosts and guests have sat down.
2. (pronoun) you and - used before ko and a person's name.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 13;)
mātou
1. (pronoun) we, us, they and I, them and me - like all personal pronouns and personal nouns, takes a when following ki, i, kei and hei but does not take a when used as the subject of the sentence. Never occurs after he, te and ngā.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 13, 31-32, 52-56, 64-65;)
Ka tae atu mātou ki konā ā te poupoutanga o te rā. / We will arrive there with you at midday.
See also mātau
2. (pronoun) and I, and me - used before ko and the first name when other people's names are mentioned.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 13;)
Kātahi anō mātou ko Ngāhuia, ko Haupai ka hoki mai i Te Puke. / Ngāhuia, Haupai and I have just returned from Te Puke.
rātou
1. (pronoun) they, them (three or more) - like all pronouns and personals, takes a when following ki, i, kei and hei but does not take a when used as the subject of the sentence. Never occurs after he, te and ngā.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 13, 31-32, 52-56, 64-65;)
Kua hinga rātou. / They have been defeated.
Kua tīmata anō te karawhiu o te pūkore i a rātou (TTR 1996:47). / The impact of the depression on them had already begun.
See also rātau
2. (pronoun) and - used after the first name when several people's names are mentioned. Subsequent names are preceded by ko.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 13;)
Kei te haututū a Pita rātou ko Māia, ko Tio mā. / Peter, Māia, Joe and the others are mucking about.
2. (pronoun) and I, and me - used before ko and a person's name.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 13;)
Kua kōrero kē māua ko Pou mō taua take. / Pou and I have already spoken about that matter.
2. (particle) with - used to indicate the things or people in company with which some event occurs.
I tae atu rātou ki te pāmu me ā rātou kurī. / They arrived at the farm with their dogs.
mao
1. (personal noun) we, us, he/she and I, him/her and me - like all pronouns and personals, takes a when following ki, i, kei and hei but does not take a when used as the subject of the sentence. Never occurs after he, te and ngā'. Variation of māua.
See also māua
rāo
1. (personal noun) they (2), them (2), he and she, him and her - unusual alternative form for rāua. Like all pronouns and personals, takes a when following ki, i, kei and hei but does not take a when used as the subject of the sentence. Never occurs after he, te and ngā.
See also rāua
koekoe
1. (verb) (-a) to squeak, scream, squawk, cry (of birds and animals).
E koekoe te tūī, e ketekete te kākā, e kūkū te kererū (NP 2001:30). / The tūī chatters, the kākā cackles and the kererū coos. (A whakataukī suggesting that it takes all kinds of people ...)
Synonyms: koe
[ngā] piki me [ngā] heke
1. ups and downs, come what may, triumphs and setbacks, successes and failures.
Ahakoa pā iho te aha ki a Rēweti, pā iho anō hoki ki a Keita, arā, te pāpouri, te harakoakoa, tae atu ki ngā piki me ngā heke o ōna rā (TTR 1996:69). / No matter what affected Rēweti, it also affected Keita, that is the sorrows and joys, and the triumphs and setbacks.
kata
1. (verb) (-ina) to laugh at.
E kore e roa rawa ka kataina e ā tātou tamariki, e ā tātou mokopuna rānei, tō tātou whakapono ki ngā mea horihori noa, ki ngā mahi o te kūwaretanga (TKO 11/1920:5). / It will not be very long before we will be laughed at by our children, or grandchildren, for our belief in these false things, and are done out of ignorance.
Synonyms: katakata
2. (verb) to laugh.
Synonyms: mimingo kata, mingo kata, mingomingo kata, ngingio
3. (verb) to chirp, twitter, chirrup (of birds and insects) - any sound made by a bird or insect that sounds like laughter.
Ka kata a Tīwaiwaka, ka kūtia a Māui, mate tonu atu (M 2006:206). / Fantail chirped, Māui was squeezed and was killed.
4. (noun) laughter.
Ko ngā tāngata katoa i reira, he tokomaha tonu rātau, ka ūmere me te kata (HP 1991:20). / Everybody there, and there were quite a few, made raucous applause with laughter.
tīemiemi
1. (verb) to move up and down, sway up and down.
E tīemiemi ana te poti i te nui o ngā ngaru (PK 2008:921). / The boat is moving up and down from the size of the waves.
Synonyms: pānukunuku
3. (noun) blue damselfly, Austrolestes colensonis - a species smaller than a dragonfly.
ake
1. (particle) from below, upwards, in an upwards direction - indicates direction upwards when following verbs of motion. It may indicate an upwards direction towards the speaker or away from the speaker, a group, or someone else. Like the other three directional particles, atu, mai and iho, it always follows manner particles (i.e. kau, kē, noa, rawa and tonu) if they are present in the phrase.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 27, 120;)
Piki ake ki konei! / Climb up here, please!
Ka titiro ake ia ki ngā whetū e kapokapo mai ana i te rangi. / She looked up at the stars twinkling in the sky.
2. (particle) upwards, in an upwards direction - used with verbs which designate perception or attitude. It may also be used to reinforce words with positive connotations, such as progress, enlightenment, good health and to indicate an action that is performed quickly and with ease.
Ka mīharo ake i te mea ko te wā i tuhia ai e ia ngā kōrero nei kua eke kē a Hēmi ki te taumata o te tangata e kīia ai ia 'he kōkōmuka noho tara-ā-whare', arā, ko ōna tau whakahingahinga, whakatā hoki (HP 1991:v). / It is amazing because the time when these stories were written was when Hēmi had reached the age of being a stay-at-home, that is, his years of retirement.
Ko ngā mea i ora ake, i taki omaoma ki ngā whāruarua i uta huna ai (TTR 1990:153). / The ones who survived fled inland to the valleys to hide.
I haere ia ki te Kura Māori o Raukōkore, ā, pai ana te haere o te ako i a ia; kitea ake ana e ōna kura māhita tōna pūmanawa (TTR 2000:1). / He attended Raukōkore Native School and the learning progressed well; his teachers quickly recognised his talents.
3. (particle) Implying direction to some place connected with the speaker, the listener, or someone else, but not where she/he/they are at the time.
Engari, ki te peka ake koe ki tōku kāinga, haria ake anō he kai māu. / But if you stop off at my home, take some food for yourself.
I mua i tana nehunga i Kōkōhīnau ka mauria ake a ia ki te mahau o Ruataupare, takoto ai (TTR 1996:231). / Before her burial at Kōkōhīnau she was carried to the veranda of Ruataupare to lie in state.
4. (particle) immediately, without delay, from that time, from that time on, forthwith - indicating a further immediate action.
Titiro ana a Hana Kōkō ki te tamaiti, tangi ake ia. / When Santa Claus looked at the child, the child cried.
5. (particle) just, recently, promptly, thereupon - used in time expressions, seemingly for emphasis. In this usage ake is often followed by nei to indicate that the action will take just a short while, or it has been over for a short while.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 121;)
6. (particle) Used to emphasise distance, especially with location words.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 45;)
I kuhu te titipounamu ki roto ake i te puare o te tīwai o te tawhai. / The rifleman went right into the hole in the trunk of the beech tree.
I tanumia a ia ki Korowhata, e whakatāiri rā i runga ake o Pūtiki (TTR 1990:17). / He was buried at Korokata, above Pūtiki.
7. (particle) Used when comparing things. This includes iti, although it may often be followed by iho. This usage will normally be used with adjectives, but verbs created by prefixing whaka- to adjectives (e.g. whakarahi, whakapoto, whakaroa) or location words may be used.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 101;)
He pai ake tēnei i tēnā. / This is better than that.
He nui noa ake te taupori o Kirikiriroa, tēnā i tō Rāhui Pōkeka. / Hamilton's population is a lot more than that of Huntly.
Me whakapoto ake te kōrero i konei, me kī i mīharo, i whakamihi, ngā mema Pākehā ki te ahua ki ngā mahi a ngā iwi o Te Tai Rāwhiti i kitea e ō rātou ake kanohi (TKO 31/3/1921:4). / The account here should be abbreviated, but I should say that the Pākehā members were amazed and they praised the nature of the work of the tribes of the East Coast that they saw with their own eyes.
(Kei te whakairia e Rangi he whakaahua ki te pakitara.) Rangi: Ki konei? Hine: Kāo, ki runga ake (HJ 2015:176). / (Rangi is hanging a picture on the wall.) Rangi: Here? Hine: No, higher up.
See also kaha ake
8. (particle) original, indigenous, own, real, very own, personal, personally - to emphasise to whom something belongs or for whom something is intended. With possessive pronouns the word order is variable, e.g. tōku waka ake or tōku ake waka.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 45-46;)
Ko te iwi Māori te iwi ake o Aotearoa. / The Māori people are the indigenous people of New Zealand.
Ki te haere ia ki ngā hui, me mau te tangata i tōna ake tauera (TTT 1/11/1927:686). / If he goes to gatherings a person should take his own towel.
Synonyms: taketake, tūturu, tō, anō, tipu, tupu, tinana, tino
9. (particle) myself, herself, himself, yourself, ourselves, themselves - indicates the reflexive when it occurs with ki te or i a followed by a pronoun.
Hei reira, i roto i tō wira, ka tukua e koe ō taonga ki aua kaitiaki, ā ka whakahaerea e rāua me te mea nā rāua ake anō aua taonga, otirā he mahi kau tā rāua i aua taonga mō ō tamariki anō (TWMNT 7/4/1874:83). / Then, in your will, you give your property to those trustees, and they will use it as if that property belongs to themselves, but they will do it for your children.
10. (particle) exactly, right, truly, just - can intensify certain words, including question words, locative nouns and sometimes kore.
Kei hea ake ngā tamariki weriweri rā? / Just where are those horrible children?
Nō konei ake te nuinga o aku hoa. / The majority of my friends are from right here.
Kore ake a Timi i toa ki te whakapākehā i te ‘pōkokohua’ a Eruera ki te Kāwana Tianara (EM 2002:214) / Timi was just not brave enough to translate Eruera's 'pōkokohua' for the Governor General.
Synonyms: mōtika, tonu, matatika, tōtika, take, heipū, tikanga, tika, matau
11. (particle) and so on, and the like, and other places, elsewhere, etc. - to indicate things that are additional to those already mentioned.
Ko ia tonu te tangata tiaki i ō rātou pānga i Te Wairarapa, i Kaikōura, i Taranaki, i hea ake, i hea ake (TTR 1998:210). / He himself was the person looking after their land interests in Wairarapa, Kaikōura, Taranaki and elsewhere.
Āpiti atu ko ngā taputapu whakatangitangi - kia rangona atu te tangi a te pūtōrino, a te pūtātara, a te pahū me te aha ake (HM 3/1998:8). / In addition there are the musical instruments - so that the sounds of the pūtōrino (large traditional flute), the conch shell trumpet, the gong and other instruments can be heard.
kete aronui
1. (noun) basket of knowledge of aroha, peace and the arts and crafts which benefit the Earth and all living things - one of the three baskets of knowledge. This basket relates to knowledge acquired through careful observation of the environment. It is also the basket of ritual, of literature, philosophy and is sometimes regarded as the basket of the humanities.
(Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 123;)
Haramai, e mau tō ringa ki te kete tuauri, ki te kete tuatea, ki te kete aronui, i pikitia e Tāne-nui-a-rangi i te ara tauwhāiti, i te Pū-motomoto o Tikitiki-o-rangi (M 2006:6). / Come, grasp in your hand the kit of sacred knowledge, the kit of ancestral knowledge, the kit of life's knowledge, procured when the renowned-Tāne-of-the-heavens ascended by the tenuous pathway, thro' the Entrance to the Uppermost-heaven (M 2006:7).
See also kete o te wānanga
hurihuri
1. (verb) (-a,-hia) to turn over and over, turn round and round, toss and turn, roll, spin, revolve, rotate, twirl, reflect upon, ponder, convert.
Ka hurihuri haere mai i ngā kēna ki runga i te kāta (HP 1991:25). / I moved the cans onto the cart by turning them round and round.
Synonyms: huritau, rōra, rōru, rārangi ingoa, whakatakahuri, kōpiupiu, pīrori, whakarārangi, pukapuka, taute, whakaaroaro, huritao, tāwhiowhio, porotītiti, porotiti, takaporepore, huri, takahuri, takahurihuri
mā
1. (particle) and others, and company, and the rest - a word used after names of people, wai and mea, and terms of address, to indicate the inclusion of others whom it is not necessary to specify. With terms of address it merely indicates the plural. It is incorrect to use it after nouns, except when they are being used as a term of address.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 2, 13;)
ka mutu
1. and also, and furthermore, as well as that, and what's more - an idiom used to add a further idea to that which has already been stated.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 124;)
Me āta whakaaro e te kaikōrero he aha tāna e hiahia ana ki te kōrero, ka mutu, kaua e hokia atu ki ngā mihi ki ngā mate me te hunga ora pērā anō me ā ētahi i tū atu ai i mua atu i a ia. / The orator should consider carefully what he wants to say, and furthermore, shouldn't repeat acknowledgements to the dead and the living similar to speakers that have stood before him.
ā mātou
1. (determiner) our (their and my - more than one thing) - a possessive determiner.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 52-56;)
E mātakitaki ana ā mātou tamariki i ō rātou paihikara hou. / Our children are staring at their new bicycles.
Synonyms: ō mātou
2. (determiner) we have (they and I and more than one thing).
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 108-110;)
3. Used in these ways listed above when the possessor has control of the relationship or is dominant, active or superior to what is possessed.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 54-56, 140-141;)
