hēhē
1. (verb) to be wrong, not fulfilling requirements, gone astray, at a loss, incompetent.
E kitea ana he nui te hēhē o ā rātou mahi. Engari hoki kāhore rātou e mōhio kei te hēhē ā rātou mahi (RK 1994:106). / It could be seen that their work was highly incompetent. But they were not aware that their work was incompetent.
2. (modifier) wrong, not fulfilling requirements, gone astray, at a loss, incompetent, unsuitable.
Ka karanga te iwi, nā te moenga i te tāne hēhē i tipuheke ai taua wahine (W 1971:43). / The tribe called that by marrying the unsuitable husband that woman degenerated.
3. (noun) disappointing result, unfulfilled requirement, incompetence, foul up, anomaly, glitch, false start.
Ka tohungia he kōmihana uitanga, engari, tino kino te hēhē (TTR 1994:191). / A commission of enquiry was appointed, but it was a great disappointment (DNZB 1993:545).
2. (loan) (modifier) compulsory, legally required.
I te kaha o te tupu haere o ngā uniana whakature, me te tupu haere mai anō hoki o te Kotahitanga o ngā Tāngata Mahi, i noho ai tēnei uniana ko tētahi o ngā uniana tino nui rawa atu o te motu (TTR 2000:122). / Because of the strong growth of compulsory unions, and the Workers’ Union expanded to become one of the largest unions in the country.
3. (loan) (noun) compulsion, legal requirement.
He iti noa iho ngā take i pahure i a ia, i a ia e pupuri ana i ēnei tūnga ririki, otirā, i te tau 1913, i taea e ia te whakature te rēhitatanga o ngā whānautanga me ngā hemonga Māori (TTR 1996:143). / He was able to accomplish little while he held these minor posts, although he did succeed in 1913 in making the registration of Māori births and deaths compulsory.
herenga
1. (noun) tie, obligation, condition, bond, commitment, requirement.
He wā kua puta ake ia hei tohunga whakaatu mō ngā tono whenua, i kōkiritia ai ngā tikanga me ngā herenga a te Māori i raro i te Tiriti (TTR 1996:115). / Occasionally, he appeared as an expert witness on land claims, and invoked Māori rights and obligations under the Treaty.
Synonyms: kawenga, takohanga, taumahatanga, kawenga taumaha, utanga, here, tāpae toto
2. (noun) connection, tie.
I roto i ngā herenga whakapapa ka whai wāhi atu a Wēpiha ki a Te Whānau-a-Apanui, ki a Ngāti Hokopū rāua ko Ngāti Wharepāia hoki o Whakatāne (TTR 1994:1). / Wēpiha had genealogical connections with Te Whānau-a-Apanui, and with both Ngāti Hokopū and Ngāti Wharepāia of Whakatāne.
3. (noun) term of imprisonment.
Ki te tika te hē o taua tangata, he pai kia kawea ki tētahi whare herehere, kaua ia e neke ake i te toru marama he herenga mōna (TWMNT 17/8/1875:185). / If the misdemeanour is proved, the offender will be imprisoned for a term not exceeding three months.
4. (noun) place of imprisonment.
Ki te mea ka tū tonu a Tā Hōri Kerei hei Pirimia, nā, me hanga ētahi rūmu herehere i tōna whare hei herenga mō ana hoa Minita ina tutū rātou (TWMNT 23/8/1879:513). / If Sir George Grey continues as Prime Minister, it will be necessary to construct some cells in his house as a place of imprisonment for his Ministerial colleagues when they misbehave.
hemo
1. (verb) (-a) to die, to be faint.
Ko tētahi āhua, he tere te haere o te paihana i roto i ngā toto, ā, kāore anō kia whaturama te tinana kua hemo te tūroro (TTT 1/5/1922:8). / A symptom is the rapid spread of the poison in the blood and before the body develops scrofulous swellings the infected person dies.
2. (verb) to go off, go away.
Ka hemo ōna tuākana ki te mahi, he tiaki tonu hoki tāna i te kāinga ia rā, ia rā (NM 1928:81). / When his older brothers had gone off to work, his job each day was to guard the village.
3. (verb) to pass by, miss the mark.
Ka kūmea e Matapō te keu o tana pū, ehara, hemo ana te kariri, oma atu ana te tia (HJ 2012:196). / Matapō pulled the trigger of his gun, heck, the bullet missed and the deer fled.
Synonyms: whakatipi, kape, kopa, tohipa, tāhapa, numi, pahemo, pahure, paneke, whakahipa, whakataha, taha, tīpoka, pahika, hiemi, hihipa, hipa, whakatataha
4. (verb) to cease, disappear, fade, vanish.
He kore tohunga mana, hei wehe ki te wai, kia hemo ake ai te aroha i ahau (M 2004:358). / There is no tohunga to perform the water ritual, so that my sorrow might disappear from within me.
5. (verb) to need, desire, require.
Ināianei kua rawakore, kua hemo i te kai, ka haere noa ki te Kāwanatanga pākiki noa ai i tētahi kai hei oranga (TWMNT 5/10/1875:219). / Now they are impoverished and starving, and have to go to the Government to petition for food for their well-being.
Synonyms: matainaina, minaka, matawara, hiahia, pīrangi, mate
utu here
1. (noun) bail - money required as security against the temporary release of a prisoner pending trial.
I whakataua tana utu here kia rua rau tāra (Ngata 1993:26). / His bail was set at two hundred dollars.
Synonyms: moni taurangi
2. (modifier) repaying, paying, responding, avenging, replying.
I waiatatia ai e Matangi-hauroa te waiata nei ki a Te Whatanui e whai ana kia oho te iwi o Te Whatanui kia haere ki te rapu utu mō te parekura (M 2004:298). / This song was sung by Matangi-hauroa to Te Whatanui with the object of rousing Te Whatanui's people to go and seek revenge for the defeat.
Synonyms: whakautu
3. (noun) revenge, vengeance, retaliation, payback, retribution, cost, price, wage, fee, payment, salary, reciprocity - an important concept concerned with the maintenance of balance and harmony in relationships between individuals and groups and order within Māori society, whether through gift exchange or as a result of hostilities between groups. It is closely linked to mana and includes reciprocation of kind deeds as well as revenge. While particular actions required a response, it was not necessary to apply utu immediately. The general principles that underlie utu are the obligations that exist between individuals and groups. If social relations are disturbed, utu is a means of restoring balance. Gift exchange, a major component of utu, created reciprocal obligations on the parties involved and established permanent and personal relationships. Traditionally utu between individuals and groups tended to escalate. Just as feasts were likely to increase in grandeur as an exchange relationship developed over time, so could reciprocal acts of vengeance intensify. Utu was not necessarily applied to the author of the affront, but affected the whole group. Thus utu could be gained through a victory over a group where only the most tenuous of links connected the source of the affront with the target of the utu. Any deleterious external influence could weaken the psychological state of the individual or group, but utu could reassert control over the influences and restore self-esteem and social standing. Suicide could even reassert control by demonstrating that one had control over one's fate, and was a way of gaining utu against a spouse or relative where direct retaliation was not possible. Such indirect utu often featured within kin groups.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 48;)
He mea peita anō hoki e ia, ā he utu tika tāna utu i tono ai mō āna mahi (TW 28/8/1875:170). / They were also painted by him and the price he asked was right for his work.
See also utu ā-hāora
Synonyms: utu kaimahi, whakakaitoa, uto, rautupu, utu ā-tau, utunga, moni utu, paremata, homaitanga, hoatutanga, tauutuutu, ngakinga, whakarite, ngaki, rautipu
4. (noun) compensation, recompense, reparation.
Ka taea anō te whakarite tētahi utu mehemea kua pā tētahi tino mate ki ngā tāngata tika ki te whenua (RT 2013:99). / Compensation can be arranged if a serious problem has affected the people who have rights to the land.
Synonyms: whakaea, paremata, moni whakaea
hurihanga takapau
1. (noun) ritual performed when warriors return from battle and require the tapu on them to be removed - included the kindling of two fires. One fire, the ahi horokaka was where the priest ate a kūmara and at the ahi ruahine a woman also ate a single kūmara. It was the woman who removed the tapu. This ceremony was accompanied by karakia. The warriors involved did not eat the kūmara.
ngau paepae
1. (verb) to bite the latrine bar.
Ko te whakauru ki taua karapu me ngau te tangata ki te paepae hamuti, kātahi anō ka mana ki te whai kī i roto i taua whakaminenga (TTT 1/2/1927:533). / For the membership of that club a person must undertake an initiation ritual and only then is he able to have speaking rights in that assembly.
2. (noun) beam-biting, initiation ritual - traditionally biting the horizontal beam of a latrine was part of the pure rite. The paepae was regarded as having protective powers. During the pure rituals the person was required to bite the paepae. The ngau paepae ritual was also used to cure sickness or to clense breaches of tapu.
Ko tētahi whakamutunga o te karakia whakangungu he ngau paepae (M 2007:224). / One conclusion of the protective karakia is biting the latrine bar.
karakia
1. (verb) (-tia) to recite ritual chants, say grace, pray, recite a prayer, chant.
Nā, ka mahia e ngā tohunga ka unuhia ngā rito kōrari, ka karakiatia kia mōhiotia ai, ka mate ka ora rānei (M 2005:280). / Now, the tohunga plucked the centre shoots of the flax, and recited incantations over them to ascertain whether the result would be defeat or victory.
Synonyms: inoi
2. (noun) incantation, ritual chant, chant, intoned incantation, charm, spell - a set form of words to state or make effective a ritual activity. Karakia are recited rapidly using traditional language, symbols and structures. Traditionally correct delivery of the karakia was essential: mispronunciation, hesitation or omissions courted disaster. The two most important symbols referred to in karakia are of sticks and food, while the two key actions are of loosing and binding. Individual karakia tend to follow a pattern: the first section invokes and designates the atua, the second expresses a loosening of a binding, and the final section is the action, the ordering of what is required, or a short statement expressing the completion of the action. The images used in karakia are from traditional narratives. There were karakia for all aspects of life, including for the major rituals, i.e. for the child, canoe, kūmara, war party and the dead. Karakia for minor rituals and single karakia include those for the weather, sickness, daily activities and for curses and overcoming curses. These enabled people to carry out their daily activities in union with the ancestors and the spiritual powers.
Hanga rawa anō tōna whare wānanga, hei akonga mō ngā tamariki ki ngā tini karakia, ki tō rātou atua tapu, te karakia mākutu, te karakia ātahu, te karakia wehe, te karakia taupō, te karakia hono i te iwi whati, te karakia whakahoki mākutu, te karakia patu i ngā tapu, te karakia i ngā kanohi pura, te karakia mō te raoa, te karakia mō te haere ki te whawhai, te karakia whakaara i ngā tapu, te karakia kia ua te rangi, te karakia kia mao te ua, te karakia kia whatitiri, kia rū te whenua, kia maroke ngā rākau, kia maroke te wai, kia ngaru te moana, kia rokia te moana, kia haere mai ngā ika taniwha o te moana, ngā ngārara o te tuawhenua, te karakia o te huamata, te pure o te hua mai o te tau, te karakia o te kawenga ki roto i te rua tāhuhu, i te rua kōpiha rānei, te karakia o te tomokanga ki te ngāherehere, o te whakaputanga mai rānei i ngā manu mate ki waho o te ngahere, te karakia o te whakaatahanga o te whare o te whakatuheratanga hoki o te whare, te karakia o te nehunga tūpāpaku, te karakia o te whānautanga tamariki, o te whakaputanga hoki ki waho i te whare kōhanga, o te tohinga rānei i te ingoa (TJ 20/6/1899:3). / He built his academy of learning to teach the children the many ritual chants, their sacred god, karakia for witchcraft, to bewitch, to divert affections, for ?ulcers, to mend broken bones, to counter witchcraft, to kill using tapu, for blindness, for choking, for going into battle, to lift tapu, for rain, for rain to cease, to cause lightning, to cause earthquakes, to make trees dry up, to dry up water, to make the sea rough, to calm the sea, to attract large fish of the ocean and insects of the land, karakia for planting, to lift the tapu on a harvest to ensure a plentiful crop, for storing crops in covered pits or pits, karakia for entering the forest or for bringing dead birds out of the forest, karakia for building and opening buildings, for burying the dead, or childbirth and for leaving the house for childbirth and of the naming ceremony.
See also karakia whakahorohoro, karakia whati, karakia haumanu, karakia kikokiko, karakia whakaū
Synonyms: kaha
3. (noun) prayer, grace, blessing, service, church service - an extension of the traditional term for introduced religions, especially Christianity.
ngākau
1. (noun) seat of affections, heart, mind, soul.
Ka tau mai ki ngā kura reo, e pau ana te hau, ka hoki atu e hikohiko katoa ana te ngākau (HM 4/2008:3). / I arrived at the language learning gathering worn out and when I returned home I was enthusiastic.
See also ngākau māhaki
Synonyms: whatumanawa, hinengaro, pīnati, hirikapo, ihomatua, poho
2. (noun) something used to indicate to a friendly tribe that their assistance was required in a warlike expedition. The ngākau might be an article sent or a song which was sung.
Ka kitea he kōhatu i roto i ana kai, ka mōhio te rangatira rā he ngākau tērā, e kimi āwhina ana tana hoa ki te rānaki i te mate o tana tamaiti (PK 2008:511). / When that chief saw a stone in his food he knew that that was a request that his ally was seeking help to avenge the death of his son.
Whare o Rongomaurikura, Te
1. (location) International Centre for Language Revitalisation - based in Te Ipukarea the National Māori Language Institute at AUT University. The name was given by Dr Wharehuia Milroy. Rongo is the god of peaceful pursuits and is usually associated with matters that are deliberated or debated in the sanctity of the wharenui, the meeting house, thus an academy or institute. Issues associated with language and language revitalisation efforts, should be considered as 'vested with a mauri' for those matters to then be acted upon in a positive way. It is the 'vital essence' that is required to allow the process to take shape, form and be inspirited. This comes through belief, united effort and dedication. Once achieved, the mauri operates in that belief that 'Tūwhitia te hopo, mairangatia te angitū' (i.e. eliminate the negative, accentuate the positive) will ensure sustained effort. Kura can be viewed as: 1. Knowledge regained, knowledge used, knowledge gained (discovery); 2. Staff and all associates; 3. The philosophies that serve to underpin all work that is entered into or undertaken; 4. The students; 5. The communities that will seek to benefit from the research; 6 The mauri, so long as it is maintained in a 'healthy state' by the combined efforts of the groups listed above, while distinct from kura in nature and form, is complementary and indeed kura can only continue to survive if the mauri is 'active'.
