taura here
1. (noun) binding ropes, urban kinship group, domestic migrants, kinship link - a term sometimes used for tribal members in the city who join taura here groups to help to retain their identity and links back to their tribal homelands. These link back to iwi organisations and often taura here representatives have a place on iwi boards. For example, Te Runanga nui o Ngāti Kahungunu ki te Upoko o Te Ika is the Wellington taura here group for Ngāti Kahungunu. There are two taura here groups in Auckland for Ngā Puhi – Te Taura Here ki Manurewa (South Auckland) and Te Taura Here o Ngāpuhi ki Waitākere (North and West Auckland).
Nō te tau 1925 i whakatūria a ia hai kaikaunihera whakahaere mō te Kotahitanga o ngā Tāngata Mahi o Niu Tīreni mō te rohe o Tūranga, ka noho nei ia hai tino taura here mō te uniana nei me ngā Māori o te taiwhanga o Tūranganui-a-Kiwa (TTR 2000:121). / In 1925 he was appointed as the New Zealand Workers’ Union’s executive councillor for the Gisborne district, and he became a key link between the union and Māori of Poverty Bay.
2. (noun) leash.
2. (modifier) pregnant, expectant, with child.
Ki te kai te wahine hapū i te hikareti, ka kai tahi te pēpe e noho ake rā i roto i a ia (TP 1/1908:4). / If a pregnant woman smokes cigarettes, the baby that is inside her partakes too.
3. (noun) kinship group, clan, tribe, subtribe - section of a large kinship group and the primary political unit in traditional Māori society. It consisted of a number of whānau sharing descent from a common ancestor, usually being named after the ancestor, but sometimes from an important event in the group's history. A number of related hapū usually shared adjacent territories forming a looser tribal federation (iwi).
Ko tōna ingoa hapū i reira ko Te Whānau o Tūwhakairiora, koia nei hoki te hapū tūturu ake o Wharekahika (HP 1991:24). / His hapū name there was Te Whānau o Tūwhakairiora, and that was the true hapū of Wharekahika.
whanaungatanga
1. (noun) relationship, kinship, sense of family connection - a relationship through shared experiences and working together which provides people with a sense of belonging. It develops as a result of kinship rights and obligations, which also serve to strengthen each member of the kin group. It also extends to others to whom one develops a close familial, friendship or reciprocal relationship.
Kōrero ai ngā whakapapa mō te whanaungatanga i waenganui i te ira tangata me te ao (Te Ara 2011). / Whakapapa describe the relationships between humans and nature.
See also whakawhanaungatanga
Synonyms: taunekeneke, hononga, pāhekoheko, whaitake, whakanohonoho, whakapiringa, piringa
iwi
1. (noun) extended kinship group, tribe, nation, people, nationality, race - often refers to a large group of people descended from a common ancestor and associated with a distinct territory.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 42-43, 89, 113; Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 80, 172;)
Ko ngā putiputi nei he roimata nō tātou mō rātou mā e takoto mai rā i ngā marae o ngā iwi kē (TTT 1/4/1927). / These flowers were our tears for those who lie on the battle fields of other nationalities.
Synonyms: mātāwaka, matawaka, hapū, hapori, pūtoi, kīngitanga, motu, whenua, nuinga, hunga, tāngata, pori, hanga, ētahi tāngata, tētahi tangata, whakaoma, tauomaoma, reihi, tauwhawhai, momo, tuoma, rēhi, rere, rērehi, peo, karapetapeta, whakataetae
2. (noun) strength, bone.
Ka pakaru ngā kākahu, ka tuia he kākahu mō rātou ki te kiri kekeno, he iwi toroa ngā ngira (TWM 20/2/1868:5). / When their clothes were ragged they sewed garments of seal skins and the needles were of albatross bone.
mātāwaka
1. (noun) kinship group, tribe, clan, race, ethnic group.
waka
1. (noun) canoe, vehicle, conveyance, spirit medium, medium (of an atua).
Ko ngā tiriti o tērā tāone kapi tonu i ngā tū āhua waka o te Pākehā, mai i te hōiho kawekawe mīti a te pūtia tae noa ki ngā tū āhua katoa o te taramukā (TP 10/1909:3). / The streets of that town are full of all sorts of vehicles of the Pākehā, from the horse carrying the butcher’s meat to all sorts of tramcars.
Synonyms: matataketake, wawaenga, kauwaka
2. long narrow receptacle, box (for feathers).
Ka tata ki te rau tau mai ki 1900, ka tahuri a Ānaha ki te whakairo taonga itiiti nei, hei hokohoko ki ngā Pākehā. He ipu, he kumete, he waka huia, he paipa hei kai tōrori, he pouaka māti, me ētehi taonga hei whakaahua i ngā mea o te ao tawhito (TTR 1990:262). / Around the turn of the century Anaha was involved in the production of smaller carvings for sale to Europeans. These were containers, bowls, carved jewellery boxes, tobacco pipes, tinder boxes and replicas of traditional artefacts.
See also waka huia
3. (noun) water trough.
Ka whakakīia te waka ki te wai, ka haramai ngā kererū ki te inu. Ka whakairia he tāhere ki ngā taha o te waka, kia tau mai he manu ki te inu kua mau (Te Ara 2013). / The trough was filled with water, and kererū would come to drink. Snares were set on either side of the trough, and when the birds landed to drink they were caught.
4. (noun) allied kinship groups descended from the crew of a canoe which migrated to New Zealand and occupying a set territory.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 48; Te Māhuri Study Guide (Ed. 1): 27-31; Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 210-219;)
Ko te waiata katoa nei, e whakaatu ana i te reo tohunga o ngā iwi o Tainui waka (M 2006:186). / The whole of this song reflects the priestly language of the tribes of the Tainui canoe area.
5. (noun) crew of a canoe.
I te ata e rotua ana e Rua te waka rā kia moe tonu (NM 1928:65). / In the morning Rua put a spell on the crew of that canoe so that they continued sleeping.
6. (noun) flock, flight (of birds).
matawaka
1. (noun) kinship group, tribe, clan, race.
Ko ōna mātua i heke ngātahi mai i ngā tūpuna taketake o ō rāua matawaka (TTR 1990:296). / Both his parents were descended from the founding ancestors of their tribes.
See also mātāwaka
Synonyms: iwi, mātāwaka, hapū, hapori, pūtoi, whakaoma, tauomaoma, reihi, tauwhawhai, momo, tuoma, rēhi, rere, rērehi, peo, karapetapeta, whakataetae
pūtoi
1. (verb) (-a,-tia) to tie in a bunch, adorn with a bunch (of anything).
Ko ngā huruhuru kura o aua manu ka āta whatua, ka pūtoitia. Ko aua pūtoitanga ka mahia kia mau rawa, kia pai (TP 3/1911:9). / The red feathers of those birds are carefully woven together and tied in a bunch. The bunches are made to be worn to look attractive.
2. (noun) bunch, cluster.
3. (noun) kinship group, tribe, family.
Mā wai e ranga tō mate? Mā te pūtoi i ora (W 1971:317). / Who will avenge your death? The relatives who survived will.
4. (noun) order (classification of organisms).
Ko ngā whānau e whanaunga tahi ana, ka kīia he pūtoi (RP 2009:290). / Families are classed together and called an order.
taiāpure
1. (noun) a stretch of coast, reef or fishing ground set aside as a reserve for inland kinship groups to gather shellfish or to fish.
Kua tū ētahi kaupapa arumoni i raro i te Fisheries Act 1996, pērā i ngā taiāpure me ngā mahinga mātaitai (Te Ara 2013). / A number of statutory enterprises have been established under the Fisheries Act 1996, such as the taiāpure and mahinga mātaitai reserves.
tūrangawaewae
1. (noun) domicile, standing, place where one has the right to stand - place where one has rights of residence and belonging through kinship and whakapapa.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 243;)
Ki a rāua, ko Waahi kē te tūrangawaewae tika mōna (TTR 1998:87). / They considered Waahi to be the appropriate domicile for him.
2. (noun) footstool - a Māori Bible use where it is written as two words.
Ko te rangi tōku torona, ko te whenua tōku tūranga waewae (PT Nga Mahi a nga Apotoro 7:49). / Heaven is my throne, and earth is my footstool.
Ko Arekahānara tōku hāona kaha; Ko Kemureti tōku oko horoi; Ko Ngāruawāhia tōku tūrangawaewae (BFM 2013:456). / Alexandra will ever be my symbol of strength of character; Cambridge a symbol of my wash bowl of sorrow; And Ngāruawāhia my footstool (BFM 2013:456). (A saying by King Tāwhiao and translated by Pei Te Hurinui Jones.)
waerea
1. (noun) protective incantation - used as an ope approaches the marae of another kinship group.
Ki te tū ake te tangata i ngā rā o mua ka heria ake e ia tētahi tau māna, he pēnei pea i te waerea nei, he tauparapara, he whakaataata i te āhua o tāna whakapono ki te ao, ki te āhuatanga o tōna ao Māori (Wh4 2004:244). / In former times, if a man stood up to speak he would perform a chant, such as a protective recitation, or a ritual incantation to begin a speech, which reflected his beliefs about the world and aspects of his Māori world.
2. (particle) Used with kinship terms to show relationships - variation of hei.
Hai pāpā ia ki a ia a Te Whaaki (HP 1991:8). / Te Whaaki is an uncle to him.
3. (particle) for, to, as, as a means of - denoting future purpose, intention, etc. In this usage hai is followed by active verbs that take both indirect and direct objects, but is not used with verbs in the passive or with statives.
Kāore hoki rā i tika ngā pao whaiāipo nei hai hīmene ki tōna atua (TP 9/1903:6). / And love ditties are not appropriate as hymns to his god.
whakapapa
1. (verb) (-hia,-tia) to lie flat, lay flat.
E kore a Kiki e puta ki waho, engari ka tōia te papa o tōna whare kia tuwhera, ka mate tonu iho te manuhiri, whakapapa tonu te manuhiri i te mate (NM 1928:145). / Kiki would not come out, but when he pulled open the door of his house the visitors fell down dead, they lay out dead.
2. (verb) (-hia,-tia) to place in layers, lay one upon another, stack flat.
Ka whakapapatia ngā mapi ko ngā mea o Aotearoa ki runga. / The maps were placed one on top of the other with the ones of New Zealand on top.
3. (verb) (-hia,-tia) to recite in proper order (e.g. genealogies, legends, months), recite genealogies.
Ko te ingoa o te whare, o te marae rānei, o Ngāti Rangi, ko Tāne-nui-a-Rangi kua whakapapatia ake nei e au (HP 1991:6). / The name of the house, or marae, of Ngāti Rangi is Tāne-nui-a-Rangi which I have set out above.
4. (noun) genealogy, genealogical table, lineage, descent - reciting whakapapa was, and is, an important skill and reflected the importance of genealogies in Māori society in terms of leadership, land and fishing rights, kinship and status. It is central to all Māori institutions. There are different terms for the types of whakapapa and the different ways of reciting them including: tāhū (recite a direct line of ancestry through only the senior line); whakamoe (recite a genealogy including males and their spouses); taotahi (recite genealogy in a single line of descent); hikohiko (recite genealogy in a selective way by not following a single line of descent); ure tārewa (male line of descent through the first-born male in each generation).
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 3; Te Māhuri Study Guide (Ed. 1): 13-14; Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 237-240;)
He mea nui ki a tātau ō tātau whakapapa (HP 1991:1). / Our genealogies are important to us.
See also tararere, taotahi, whakamoe, tātai, kāwei, hikohiko, kōhikohiko, tāhū, ure tārewa
2. (noun) extended family, family group, a familiar term of address to a number of people - the primary economic unit of traditional Māori society. In the modern context the term is sometimes used to include friends who may not have any kinship ties to other members.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 3; Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 52-54;)
E ai ki te kōrero a te whānau, kāre i iti iho i te tokoiwa ngā wāhine, tokorua ngā tāne (TTR 1996:100). / According to family information, there were no fewer than nine girls and two boys.
kāhu tātara
1. (noun) supreme chief, high chief of scattered kinship groups - a term for a paramount chief.
Ka hokia anō te karakia, ka tae ki te pātai, "He aha?" Ka whakautua e te rangatira nō te whakaminenga, "He kāhu tātara!" (Wh4 2004:14). / The incantation was repeated, asking, "What?" A chief from the assembly responded, "A Supreme Chief."
Synonyms: toihau, tumu whakarae, ariki, ariki taungaroa, ariki tapairu, ariki tauaroa
kaihaukai
1. (noun) reciprocal present of food by one kinship group to another, feast.
Tērā tātau e rongo kei te tuwha haere a Henare i ana hipi, i ana kau ki a Ngāti Porou, hei kaihaukai māna ki tōna iwi, he nui nō tōna aroha! (TP 7/1900:8). / We have heard that, because of his charity, Henare is distributing his sheep and cows to Ngāti Porou as feasts for his people.
Synonyms: kōpare
2. (noun) tribal feast.
Ka mahia ngā mahi a Ruhanui, koia ēnei: ko te tūperepere, ko te tōreherehe, ko te kaiwhakatāpaepae, ko te kokomo, ko te tūmahana, ko te kaihaukai, ko te haka, ko te poi, ko te whakahoro taratahi, ko te tā pōtaka... (TWMNT 11/9/1872:110). / The activities of Ruhanui were carried out, which were these: the ceremony and feast to celebrate the storing of the kūmara crop, tobogganing, the displaying of food, the exchanging of gifts between hosts and visitors, feasting and presenting food, performing haka and poi, flying kites, whipping spinning tops...
Kotahitanga
1. Māori Parliament, Federated Māori Assembly - a movement for self-government and national unity among Māori kinship groups during the 19th Century. Strong in the Wairarapa where two parliamentary meetings were held at Papawai in 1897.
Nā tēnei ahau tō koutou tungāne, te tangata hoki nāna i hapahapai ō koutou ingoa whakahuahua ki ngā marae, tae noa ki roto ki te Pāremata o Te Kotahitanga (TJ 12/10/1899:12). / I, your brother and cousin, am the person who repeatedly raised your names on the marae, even in the Te Kotahitanga Movement's parliament.
hei
1. (particle) at, in, on, with - sometimes used of future time or place.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 48;)
See also hai
2. (particle) Used with kinship terms to show relationships.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 54;)
See also hai
3. (particle) for, to, as, as a means of - denoting future purpose, intention, etc. In this usage hei is followed by active transitive verbs, but is not used with intransitive verbs, verbs in the passive or with statives.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 76;)
Anei te oka hei tapahi i te mīti. / Here is the butcher knife to cut the meat.
4. (particle) replaces e to form a negative imperative with kaua.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 67; Te Pihinga Study Guide (Ed. 1): 40-41;)
5. (particle) replaces e in the future grammatical structure to emphasise the agent of an action.
Ka riro mā te wai hei whakanoa. / It is the water's job to remove the tapu.
