2. (noun) essence (food extract for flavouring).
mauri
1. (noun) life principle, life force, vital essence, special nature, a material symbol of a life principle, source of emotions - the essential quality and vitality of a being or entity. Also used for a physical object, individual, ecosystem or social group in which this essence is located.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 227-228;)
Nā, he mauri tō ngā pakake, he mauri tō ngā tāngata, he mauri tō ngā tuna, he mauri tō ngā manu, he mauri tō ngā ika, nā reira i mate ai ēnei mea katoa i te mākutu; ki te mākututia e te Māori ēnei mea, ka mate, ngaro tonu atu; ahakoa nui ēnei mea, ki te mākututia ka ngaro (BFM 2013:248-249). / Now, whales have a mauri, people have a mauri, eels have a mauri, birds have a mauri, fish have a mauri, therefore everything can be destroyed by mākutu; if the Māori bewitches these things, they will be destroyed and disappear, no matter how big these things are, if a spell is cast upon them they will disappear.
Takoto mai, e koro, kia tangihia koe e ō iwi. Auē! Ka mau te punga here o te waka nei. Ka ngaro koe, te kaihautū, te kākākura o roto i te pōkai, te puhi o Aotearoa, te kura whakahirahira o Te Waipounamu, te mauri o te whenua, te mauri o te tangata, haere! Haere rā! (TP 7/1906:9) / Lie in state, sir, to be wept over by your people. Oh, dear! The anchor of this canoe is taken. You are gone, the fugleman, the leader of the flock, the adored one of the North Island, the important treasure of the South Island, the life force of the land and the people. Depart! Farewell!
See also pā whakawairua
mouri
1. (noun) life principle, vital essence, special nature, a material symbol of a life principle, source of emotions - the essential quality and vitality of a being or entity. Also used for a physical object, individual, ecosystem or social group in which this essence is located.
Ka mutu tēnei whiti, ka tīmata tēnei i te whakaaranga i te mouri (TWMNT 21/2/1872:49) / When this verse ended, he began the awakening of the mauri.
See also mauri
2. (noun) fat (on meat), blubber.
Kātahi ka pātai te hunga i noho atu, "He aha te ngako o tō koutou motu?" Ka utua atu, "He tuna, he hāpuku, he manu, he kākā, he kūkū, he tītī, he kororā (kāore e rere tērā manu)." (JPS 1901:70). / Then the people who lived there asked, “What are the fat things of your island?” They replied, “Eel, groper, birds, kākā, New Zealand pigeon, mutton bird and blue penguin (that bird does not fly)."
3. (noun) essence, gist, substance, nub.
Ko te ngako tēnei o aku kupu poroporoaki ki a koutou (TTT 1/11/1929:1914). / This is the essence of my parting words to you all.
4. (noun) lipid.
Ko tā te ate he whakaputa i te waiate hei wāwāhi i te ngako o roto i te kai (RP 2009:349). / The purpose of the liver is to produce bile to separate out the lipids in food.
5. (noun) fernbird, Bowdleria punctata - a warm brown bird heavily streaked and spotted dark brown with a long frayed tail. Secretive and lives in freshwater and tidal wetlands.
See also mātātā
hau
1. (noun) vital essence, vitality - of a person, place or object.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 227;)
E mōhio ana ahau kei te patu mai koe i a māua ko taku hau; e kore taku hau e riro i tō karakia (JPS 1893:223). / I am well aware that you are trying to kill me and my vital essence, but my vital essence will not succumb to your incantation.
Ko te hau o te tangata he mea riro i te karakia mākutu, erangi kia kite tonu atu i te tangata ka tangohia mai tōna hau. Ka riro mai, ka mate ia. Tētehi, kei mua e haere ana, ka kitea te takahanga o ngā waewae, ka tangohia te hau, ka riro (JPS 1894:169). / The vital essence of a man will succumb to a bewitching incantation, but it is necessary to actually see the person when his hau is taken. When it is taken, the person will die. Sometimes, in the case of one who has gone on before, when his footsteps are seen, his vital essence can be taken from them, and he will succumb.
2. (noun) ceremonial offering of food to an atua - a rite of presenting the hau to the atua with an offering or incantation. .
Kaua hoki e kotikotia tā tātou ika; engari waiho kia tae atu au ki te kawe atu i te hau o tēnei tānga ika; ā kia tae atu au ki te tohunga, kia whāngaia ki te atua (NM 1928:16). / And do not cut up our fish, but leave it alone until I've been to take the vital essence of this catch to the tohunga to be offered to the atua.
See also whāngai hau
wairua
1. (noun) spirit, soul - spirit of a person which exists beyond death. It is the non-physical spirit, distinct from the body and the mauri. To some, the wairua resides in the heart or mind of someone while others believe it is part of the whole person and is not located at any particular part of the body. The wairua begins its existence when the eyes form in the foetus and is immortal. While alive a person's wairua can be affected by mākutu through karakia. Tohunga can damage wairua and also protect the wairua against harm. The wairua of a miscarriage or abortion can become a type of guardian for the family or may be used by tohunga for less beneficial purposes. Some believe that all animate and inanimate things have a whakapapa and a wairua. Some believe that atua Māori, or Io-matua-kore, can instill wairua into something. Tohunga, the agents of the atua, are able to activate or instil a wairua into something, such as a new wharenui, through karakia. During life, the wairua may leave the body for brief periods during dreams. The wairua has the power to warn the individual of impending danger through visions and dreams. On death the wairua becomes tapu. It is believed to remain with or near the body and speeches are addressed to the person and the wairua of that person encouraging it on its way to Te Pō. Eventually the wairua departs to join other wairua in Te Pō, the world of the departed spirits, or to Hawaiki, the ancestral homeland. The spirit travels to Te Reinga where it descends to Te Pō. Wairua of the dead that linger on earth are called kēhua. During kawe mate, or hari mate, hura kōhatu and other important occasions the wairua is summoned to return to the marae.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 221-228;)
Haere rā i a koe ka kōpikopiko atu ki Te Hono-i-wairua, ki te kāpunipunitanga o te wairua (TTR 1998:37). / We farewell you as you wend your way to the Gathering Place of Spirits, the meeting place of departed souls.
Te tinana, te hinengaro, me te wairua ēnei e toru, te mea nui o ēnei ko te wairua. Te tinana: he anga kau nō te wairua. Te hinengaro: he kaiwhakaatu ki te ao he pēnei nā te wairua kei roto i te tangata (TTT 1/12/1930:2215). / Of these three things, the body, the mind and the spirit, the most important is the spirit. The body is the vehicle for the spirit. The mind shows the world what the spirit of the person is like.
2. (noun) attitude, quintessence, feel, mood, feeling, nature, essence, atmosphere.
Ko te wairua o te kōrero, kia Māori mai (HM 2/1994:10). / The feel of the language should be Māori.
3. (noun) bonfire moss, common cord-moss, Funaria hygrometrica - a moss that grows in profusion on moist, shady, and damp bare soil, especially on sites of old fires, and in plant pots in glasshouses and shadehouses. Found throughout Aotearoa/New Zealand.
2. (verb) (-a,-hia) to gather into a heap, gather together, scoop up, heap up.
3. (verb) to go, travel.
Kua awhe tana pononga ki te puna ki te tiki wai māna (PK 2008:52). / His slave has gone to get some water for him.
4. (noun) greenstone pendant with a curved end.
Ko te kuru pounamu pea, arā awhe e kīia nei ko Te Āwhiowhio (M 2007:66) / Probably the prized greenstone pendant, that is the pendant with a curved end called Te Āwhiowhio.
5. (noun) ritual chant to affect someone's hau (vital essence).
E whā ngā pō i tū ai ki te awhe i te hau o Te Wheuki kia riro mai i tōna karakia paihana, kāore i riro mai. Kātahi ka mea atu ki tōna hoa wahine, “Nā te tūtata o māua i kore ai e riro mai tōna hau i taku awhe mākutu; me haere tāua ki Tūranga, kia tawhiti ai (JPS 1894:170). / For four nights he tried to gather in the hau (vital essence) of Te Wheuki by means of his poisonous ritual chants, but without success. Then he said to his wife, “It must be due to our proximity that his hau will not succumb to my bewitching ritual chant to affect his hau. We had better go to Gisborne, so that we are further away.
2. (noun) breath, essence, taste, breathing.
Nā konei i meinga ai ngā tāngata āhua kaha kia pikipiki tonu, kia tere ai, kia kaha ai tō rātau hā (TP 15/7/1901:1). / Consequently, the people who are somewhat stronger are encouraged to climb up and down so that their breathing is faster and stronger.
3. (noun) sound, tone of voice, tenor (of a speech).
Kia whakarongo tonu mai koutou ki te hā o taku kupu atu ki a koutou (W 1971:29). / You should all listen to the tenor of what I say to you.
4. (noun) tone, timbre (music).
Ko te hā te āhua, te wairua rānei o te reo o tētahi taonga puoro, o tētahi kaiwaiata rānei (RTP 2015:53). / The tone is the character or the feel of the sound of a musical instrument or a singer (RTP 2015:53).
5. (noun) intonation.
Ko te hā te āhua o te tangi mai o te reo o te tangata, arā, ko te piki me te heke o te reo i te roanga atu o te rerenga kōrero, ko te hātahi rānei; ko te wairua anō hoki o te kōrero, pēnā he maioro, he wainene rānei (RMR 2017). / Intonation is the nature of the sound of a person’s voice, such as the rise and fall in pitch, or monotone over the duration of a sentence, and also the feeling in the voice, such as whether it is discordant or mellifluous (RMR 2017).
iho
1. (noun) heart, essence, inside, inner core, kernel, pith of a tree, essential quality, nature.
Mō te whēwhē, whakamahia ana e ia te iho o te mamaku me tana hūare ka ūkuikuia atu hoki ki tana rīngi mārena (TTR 1998:60). / For boils, she used the pith of the mamaku fern and her spittle rubbed with her wedding ring.
Synonyms: uho
2. (noun) umbilical cord (middle portion).
Ko te tūhonotanga ki te whaea, ko te rauru tēnā; ko te pito e mau nei ki te tamaiti, ka kīia tēnā ko te pito; ko waenganui ko te iho tēnā (W 1971:75). / The attachment to the mother is the 'rauru'; the end fixed to the child is called the 'pito'; and in the middle is the 'iho'.
tino
1. (modifier) importance, main, best, top, principal, pre-eminent, favourite, staple, real, true, absolute - when used before a noun to indicate something is unrivalled or is true or genuine.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 48-49;)
Koia nei te tino kai a taua iwi. / This is the staple food of that people.
Wairākau: Ko te tino tikanga o tēnei kupu mō ngā mea kei te whakamōmona i te whenua kia kaha ai te tipu o te kai (RK 1994:168). / Wairākau: The true use of this word is for things that are enriching the land so that crops grow strongly.
Synonyms: pekepoho, aporei, timuaki, tumuaki, tupu, tinana, tipu, ake, tūturu
2. (modifier) very, quite, exact, true, really - when used before an adjective or verb to show a high degree or absoluteness.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 48-49;)
3. (noun) main, important, value, significance, essence, essential, quintessence, soul, substance - when used as a noun.
Synonyms: matū, wairua, aporei, matua, whakaihiihi, waitohu, hiranga, whakahirahiratanga, hirahira, māramatanga
4. (interjection) I totally agree, yes indeed, agreed, positively - used to show strong agreement with a statement.
Te reka kē o te tītī nei! Tino! / This mutton bird is really tasty! Yes, indeed!
2. (verb) (-a) to wipe out, forgive.
Kua murua ōna tini hara (PT Ruka 7:47). / Her sins, which are many, are forgiven.
3. (stative) be ended, brought to an end, cut short, finished.
Ka tangi me tōna iwi katoa me te iwi whenua hoki, ā, he nui te tangi o te Kīngi, ā, pau ana te hāora me te hāwhe e tangi ana, ka mutu, ka tū ia ki runga, ka poroporoaki ki a Te Hāpuku (KO 15/5/1883:7). / He and all his people and the local people cried and great was the lamenting of the King and it was for one and a half hours before he stopped and stood up and farewelled Te Hāpuku.
4. (stative) be cropped, amputated, truncated, having the end cut off.
I tōna whakaaro nui kia ora ia, pōutoa ana e ia tōna ringa - pai atu te ringa mutu i te rua o ngā ringa ki te urupā (TP 1/12/1901:5). / Because his sole focus was to survive, he cut off his hand - better an amputated hand than two hands in the cemetery.
5. (noun) amputee.
Ko te mea i whanokē ai taua mārenatanga he mutu taua wahine i mārenatia rā, kāore ōna ringaringa. Ko te rīngi i kuhua ki te toru o ngā matimati o te waewae mauī (TWMNT 3/11/1874:278). / The thing that was peculiar about that wedding was that the bride was an amputee, she had no arms. The ring had to be placed on the third toe of her left foot.
6. (noun) perch carrying a snare to catch birds.
See also ka mutu te ...
7. (noun) core element, essence.
Kei konei te mutu o te tuhingaroa nei (WT 2013:15). / The core element of this thesis is here (WT 2013:15).
tāwhara
1. (noun) flavour, taste, tenor, essence.
See also tāwara
Whare o Rongomaurikura, Te
1. (location) International Centre for Language Revitalisation - based in Te Ipukarea the National Māori Language Institute at AUT University. The name was given by Dr Wharehuia Milroy. Rongo is the god of peaceful pursuits and is usually associated with matters that are deliberated or debated in the sanctity of the wharenui, the meeting house, thus an academy or institute. Issues associated with language and language revitalisation efforts, should be considered as 'vested with a mauri' for those matters to then be acted upon in a positive way. It is the 'vital essence' that is required to allow the process to take shape, form and be inspirited. This comes through belief, united effort and dedication. Once achieved, the mauri operates in that belief that 'Tūwhitia te hopo, mairangatia te angitū' (i.e. eliminate the negative, accentuate the positive) will ensure sustained effort. Kura can be viewed as: 1. Knowledge regained, knowledge used, knowledge gained (discovery); 2. Staff and all associates; 3. The philosophies that serve to underpin all work that is entered into or undertaken; 4. The students; 5. The communities that will seek to benefit from the research; 6 The mauri, so long as it is maintained in a 'healthy state' by the combined efforts of the groups listed above, while distinct from kura in nature and form, is complementary and indeed kura can only continue to survive if the mauri is 'active'.
