iwituaroa
1. (noun) backbone, spinal column, spine (of the body) - sometimes written as two words, i.e. iwi tuaroa.
Takahia ana e Māui te iwituaroa, kūmea ana te whiore; ka whakakurītia e Māui a Irawaru (NM 1928:20). / Māui trampled on the backbone and pulled out the tail, turning Irawaru into a dog.
2. (stative) main, chief, important, primary.
Whai muri i te hainatanga o te Tiriti o Waitangi, ka whakatūria e Kāwana Hopihana tana kāwanatanga ki Okiato, ka tapaina e ia te tāone matua hōu, ko Russell (Te Ara 2011). / After the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, Governor Hobson established his seat of government at Okiato. He named the new capital Russell.
3. (noun) father, parent, uncle.
Kei te tino hari tōku ngākau kua tū nei koe i te tūranga o tō matua, o Te Wiremu (TTT 1/10/1929:1078). / I am overjoyed that you have taken up the position of your father, the Rev. Williams.
See also pāpā
Synonyms: hākorokoro, hākoro, heinga
4. (noun) division (of an army), company, contingent, the body of the kapa haka.
E kīia ana i te wā e haka ana tētahi o aua matua, ngarue ana te whenua (TKO 30/6/1920:5). / It is said that at the time that one of those groups was performing the haka, the ground shook.
See also mātua
āniwaniwa
1. (noun) rainbow, halo, ring around heavenly bodies.
Ānō he āniwaniwa ēnei kupu, ina kitea, e mōhio ana tātou tērā te ua e whitingia ana e te rā (KO 15/9/1885:3). / It's as if these words are a rainbow in that when it's seen we know that the rain is being shone on by the sun.
Synonyms: kahukura, Uenuku, Tūāwhiorangi, kōpere, Ōuenuku, tāwhana, tāwhanawhana, āheahea, atuapiko
2. (noun) deep water.
Tutū ana te āniwaniwa o te awa, o Whanganui (W 1971:10). / The deep water of the Whanganui river is stirred up.
3. (noun) Māori potato cultivar.
tua
1. (location) the further side (of a solid body), beyond, other side - a location word, or locative, which follows immediately after particles such as ki, i, hei and kei or is preceded by a when used as the subject of the sentence.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 121; Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 24;)
Ka huri mātau ki tua o tētahi tau, ka kitea atu e mātau ngā tēneti e mā mai ana me ngā wākena hoki, i te taha mauī o ngā tēneti e tū mai ana ngā pū repo a te hoariri (TPH 15/1/1900:7). / We rounded a ridge and saw the the white of the tents and the wagons, with the cannons of the enemy standing to the left of the tents.
See also taitua
Synonyms: taitua
2. (location) this side (of a solid body) - when used with mai or nei.
See also i tua atu
3. (location) in addition to, apart from, besides - when used in the phrase i tua atu.
I tua atu i ngā oneone parakiwai i haria mai e tēnei waipuke, i mauria mai te mahi a te wahie. / In addition to the silt that the flood brought, there was also lots of wood carried here.
4. (noun) back.
Ina pīkawikawi ngā tara i te tua o te tuatara, e tohu ana kua mauru tana mataku, kua rata (PK 2008:634). / When the spines on the back of the tuatara are flaccid it is a sign that its fear has eased and its tame.
Synonyms: tuarā, kōkai, angaangamate, angamate, takamuri, whakatuarā
pūtere
1. (verb) to go in a body, float as a group.
Nō te hekenga o te tima ka pūtere noa ngā tāngata i te wai, tokotoru ngā mea i kūmea tonutia atu e te hekenga o te kaipuke (TP 6/1907:8). / When the ship went down, the people floated in a group on the water but three were pulled away by the descent of ship.
2. (noun) raft.
Kotahi tekau mā rua ngā mōrehu kua ū ki uta i runga i tō rātou pūtere e teretere ana (TKO 15/6/1916:8). / Twelve survivors have reached the shore on their floating raft.
2. (noun) body, substance.
Kāti te kumekume i ngā whakaaro me te iwi ki ngā whakaaro kūare, huhuakore, kāore nei he kiko o roto (TPH 15/6/1900:1). / Stop drawing the opinions and the people into ignorant ideas of no value and no substance.
3. (noun) content, subject matter.
2. (modifier) in a body, all together, as a group.
Mō taku kauika kōpuni e pae i te takutai one (M 2005:190). / For my school of whales that lies stranded on the beach. (Referring to the death of chiefs.)
3. (modifier) dark, black.
4. (noun) black dogskin cape.
See also tōpuni
kūwhera
1. (verb) (-tia) to stand with legs apart, stretch apart, open (of body parts only).
I Ōtaki, ka puta ngā whiuwhiu kupu ki te kōrero i te tika, i te hē rānei, o te tuku i te Kīngi kia hīkoi i raro i te pare o te kūaha i whakairotia ai he wahine, e kūwhera ana ōna kūhā me te kitea atu o te puapua (TTR 1998:89). / In Ōtaki, there was a controversy over whether it was appropriate, or not, for the King to walk under the door lintel carved in the form of a woman with her thighs open and sexual organs exposed.
i tua atu
1. the further side (of a solid body), beyond (something), on the other side.
Nā reira ka āta whakatahi te iwi me i kore te hoariri e whai atu ki te ururua o te ngahere i tua atu o te pā, kia haupapatia ai e Heke me ana toa (TTR 1990:7). / And so the people deliberately withdrew in the hope that the enemy might follow into the undergrowth of the bush on the other side of the pā, so that they could be ambushed by Heke and his warriors.
2. apart from, besides, in addition, as well.
I tua atu i tana tirotiro i ngā kōamuamu, he whakaū, he whakatairanga anō tāna mahi i te momo noho tahi me te whakaū hoki i te ōritetanga o ngā iwi katoa e noho ake nei i Aotearoa (TTR 2000:52). / In addition to investigating complaints, his work was affirming and promoting racial harmony and equality of all peoples living in Aotearoa/New Zealand.
2. (verb) to turn sideways on (of a paddle, etc.).
Kei kōripi mai te hoe (W 1971:142). / Don't let the paddle turn sideways on.
3. (verb) to look sideways.
Synonyms: titiro korotaha, titiro pī, titiro whakapī, matakarapa, whakarewharewha, tiro pī, tiro korotaha, whakarewha
4. (verb) to rise out of water (of celestial bodies).
5. (noun) slice, sliver, rasher.
Synonyms: hōripi
6. (noun) knife (of obsidian or shark's teeth).
Ka hoake te kōripi, ka haea te puku o Tupeketi, ka taka iho ki roto ki te kōrohe (Tr 1874:41). / She struck him with her knife, ripping open Tupeketi's belly, and he fell into the bag net.
7. (noun) dysentery, diarrhoea, flux.
Nā i te takoto te pāpā o Pupiriu, e mate ana i te kirikā, i te kōripi (PT Ngā Mahi a Ngā Āpotoro 28:8). / And the father of Publius lay sick with a fever and dysentery.
8. (noun) vagabond, vagrant.
He pōrangi te tangata rā, ka tahi; he kōripi, ka rua; he kūrapa, ka toru (W 1971:142). / Firstly, that man is mad; secondly, he's a vagrant; and thirdly, he's a good-for-nothing.
2. (noun) passage, channel, strait, narrow body of water.
Hei te tatanga atu ki Te Aumiti, he kūititanga nō te moana i waenganui o Rangitoto me te tuawhenua, ka whakapiri tētahi ika tipua ki tō mātou tima, he taniwha pea (TP 1/8/1900:12). / On approaching French Pass, a narrow passage of the sea between D'Urville Island and the mainland, a frightening fish attached itself to our ship. Perhaps it was a monster.
rangatōpū ā-rohe
1. (noun) local body, local authority.
Arā atu anō ngā rangatōpū ā-rohe i pōtitia atu ia ki runga: ko te poari hōhipera o Te Wairoa, ko te poari hiko me te poari wahapū (TTR 1998:12). / There were other local bodies that he was also elected to: the Wairoa Hospital Board, the Electric-power Board and the Harbour Board.
Synonyms: mana ā-rohe
tumu
1. (noun) foundation.
Ko ngā whakairo i oti i whakamaua ki te anga whare Pākehā he raima te tumu (TTR 1994:62). / The completed carvings were attached to a European frame on concrete foundations.
See also tumu kōrero
2. (noun) stump, base.
Ka pahure ngā tau ka pirau te take. Ka poroa atu tērā wāhanga ka whakaarahia anō. Nā te maha o ngā poroporonga ka poto rawa te rākau nei. Nō te tau 1954 tonu nei, ka tukuna te tumu ki te whare pupuri taonga o Tūranga (TTR 1990:16). / Over the years the base rotted. That part was cut off and it was re-erected. Because it was shortened many times this tree was very short. In 1954 the stump was gifted to the Gisborne Museum.
3. (noun) post, pole, stake.
Heoi ka tūpato tana iwi ki tērā, ka tōia ngā waka ki ngā tumu ka herea, kia kore ai ia e hoe atu ki te moutere (Te Ara 2014). / However her people were suspicious and dragged their canoes up to the mooring stakes and tied them up so that she could not paddle across to the island.
See also tumu herenga waka
Synonyms: pōhi, pouihi, toko, tiripou, turupou, tumutumu, pōra, poupou, pou, tīrou, tōpito o te ao, pōhi, turuturu, koteo, tokotoko
4. (noun) dependable leader.
Ko ia tonu te tumu here i ngā iwi e rua i pai ai te noho i Te Ara-a-Kiwa (TTR 1990:329). / He was a dependable leader of both peoples for good relationships in Foveaux Strait.
See also tumu whakarae
5. (noun) main post of the palisading of a pā.
He nui ngā wharepuni, wharau, me ngā whare, kāuta, pātaka, pūkiore; he whakairo ngā tumu o te pā, me ngā kūwaha me ētahi atu mahi (TP 11/1909:4). / There are many sleeping houses, shelters, houses, cooking sheds, store houses and houses with decorative panels; and the main palisade posts of the pā are carved, as well as the gateways and other constructions.
6. (noun) stake for marking boundaries of fishing grounds.
Ka makere ia ki te wai, kau atu ana. Ka pā atu ia ki tētahi pou e tū ana i te taha o te tāhuna, o te hōhonu, he tumu nā tōna matua, nā Umukaria, kei te moana. Ko Hinewhata te ingoa o taua tumu. Ko tēnei tumu ko tōna ritenga koia tēnei. Ka whiwhi te tino rangatira i te oneone, whiwhi ana ki uta, whiwhi ana ki te moana, koia i meinga ai, 'kei uta ētahi o ōna oneone, kei te wai ētahi' (Biggs 1997:109). / She dropped into the water and swam. She came upon a post standing on the edge of a sandbank and the deep water, a fishing boundary marker in the lake belonging to her father, Umukaria. Its name was Hine-whata. The significance of this fishing boundary marker was this. When an important chief possessed territory he owned the land and the lake or sea, so it was said 'part of his territory is on land and part in the water'.
7. (noun) bird snare.
Ko te tumu, he peka rākau iti kua wehe te pito kia rua ngā peka iti iho. Ka herea ngā pito o ēnei peka iti. Ka waihotia te peka kia hono tonu ki te rākau, ka tapahia rānei ka whakamaua ki rākau kē. Kātahi ka whakairia he kono ki runga me te taura i te taha o te kaihopu kei tōna maimai e huna ana. Ka tiaina te taura ki te whenua. Tau ana he manu ki te tumu ka kūmea te taura kia mau ai te manu i te kono (Te Ara 2014). / The tumu was a small branch that divided into two branchlets. These were tied together at the end. The branch was left growing on the tree, or cut and reattached to another tree. Then a snare-loop was laid on it and a cord tied to this loop led to a shelter where the fowler was hidden. The cord was stuck in the ground. When a bird landed on the tumu, the fowler pulled the loop to catch the bird in the snare-loop.
8. (noun) trunk (of the body).
Te kauwae o Tāwhaki, te kakī o Tāwhaki, te porongāue o Tāwhaki, te tumu o Tāwhaki (White 1 1887:93). / Tāwhaki's jaw, Tāwhaki's neck, the nape of Tāwhaki's neck, Tāwhaki's trunk.
9. (noun) base - a word that expresses lexical or real meaning in a sentence or phrase, e.g. whare, haere, hea, Te Kūiti, tātahi, Ani, riro.
Tumu: He kupu kiko koia te karihi o te kīanga (HJ 2015:12). / Base: This is a meaningful word that is the nucleus of the phrase.
Synonyms: kupu kiko
takoto
1. (verb) (-ria) to lie down, lie, lay, lie in the future, in prospect.
Ko ngā putiputi nei he roimata nō tātou mō rātou mā e takoto mai rā i ngā marae o ngā iwi kē (TTT 1/4/1927). / These flowers were our tears for those who lie on the battle fields of other nationalities.
Synonyms: reimana, panga, tahupera, rūkahu, whakateka, teka, tito, tipatipa, tīpapa, kōrero teka, kēā, horihori, hori, pūkei, rūpahu, hāwatewate, pūkai, paraparau, patu taringa, kōrero parau, papahu
2. (noun) layout, topography.
Ka tahuri a Te Hōtereni ki te patapatai i te āhua, i te takoto o te tuawhenua o Te Waipounamu (TTR 1990:200). / Shortland began questioning him about the geography of the interior of the South Island.
3. (noun) body and extended arm's length - a traditional unit of measurement, measured from the foot to the hand of an extended arm and usually measured along the ground.
Ka oti te takutaku ka tukua te teka kia rere, kātahi ka rere, whakaaweawe ki runga, aua rawa atu ki runga, kātahi anō ka ahu te uru o te teka ki te whenua, tau noa atu e toru tekau takoto te mataratanga i ā ētahi katoa (JPS 1925:313). / When he had completed the ritual chant he launched the dart and it flew a great distance upwards then the head of the dart turned toward the earth and it fell thirty takoto beyond all the others.
