aparangi
1. (noun) evil spirit.
Ka mōhio ngā Māori nei he tūrehu, he patupaiarehe, he aparangi, he atua kahukahu, kōwhiowhio (TP 1/1911:5). / These Māori perceived that they were tūrehu, patupaiarehe (fair-skinned mythical beings of human form), evil spirits, spirits of unborn children and whistling spirits.
2. (modifier) evil, bad, naughty, badly behaved, ugly, untidy, spoilt, corrupted, damaged, defective, faulty, wicked - plural form.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 44;)
Koia i waihotia ai mō ngā rangi kikino, hau, kātahi ka haere te tangata ki te wero, kei rongo te manu i te ngaehe (JPS 1895:140). / That's why it's left for bad days when it's windy and then a person goes spearing, in case the bird hears the rustle.
Synonyms: hanariki, tīhoihoi, hīanga, kinokino, kino, rihariha, whiro, riha
kino
1. (verb) (-hia,-ngia,-tia) to dislike, hate, ill-treat.
Tērā anō ētahi tamariki Māori, hāwhe-kāihe hoki, e mea ana he Pākehā rātou, e whakapehapeha ana, e whakahāwea ana ki ō rātou whanaunga Māori. He whakaaro tūtūā, he whakaaro e tino kinongia ana e te Māori, e ngā Pākehā rangatira (HKW 1/12/1900:15). / There are some Māori children and half-casts who say they are Pākehā, and are conceited and show contempt towards their Maori relatives. It's disrespectful and an attitude hated by Māori and esteemed Pākehā.
2. (verb) to be evil, bad, naughty, badly behaved, ugly, untidy, spoilt, corrupted, damaged, defective, faulty, wicked, harmful.
I te 8 o ngā rā o Tīhema nei, ka ngaoko te whenua o Whanganui nei i te rū, ā, i pakaru ko ngā kōrere wai mai ki te tāone, i kino katoa (TJ 4/1/1898:6). / On the 8th December the land here at Whanganui shook from the earthquake and the water pipes to the town were badly damaged.
Synonyms: riha, kikino, rihariha, whiro, kinokino, hīanga, hanariki, tīhoihoi
3. (modifier) bad, badly, disparaging, disparagingly, contemptuous, contemptuously, scathing, scathingly, disdainful, disdainfully, offensive, offensively, harmful - to indicate something done badly or to someone's detriment.
I kōrerotia kinotia a Pīhopa Herewini e te Pākehā mōna i tautoko i ngā Māori, otirā i kinongia anō hoki ia e Waikato mōna i uru ki ngā hōia Pākehā i te riri ki Rangiaohia (TTT 1/11/1927:683). / The Pākehā speak disparagingly of Bishop Selwyn because he supported the Māori, but Waikato also dislike him because he joined the Pākehā soldiers in the battle at Rangiaohia.
Synonyms: tāwai, piro, hākiki, kōkiri, whakaweriweri, weriweri, mōrihariha, maninohea, whakaparahako, mataharehare, kerakera, tukituki, anuanu, harehare
4. (noun) evil, wickedness, sin, vice, immorality.
Kāti te riri, whakarērea hoki te ārita; kei mamae koe, kei tākina kia mahi i te kino (PT Ngā Waiata 37:8). / Do not be angry, and forsake wrath; lest you be hurt or led into evil deeds.
2. (noun) villain, bad person, rogue, reprobate.
He whiro rānei koe, he ahurangi rānei? (JPS 1926:157). / Are you a villain or a saint?
Synonyms: taurekareka, nauhea, nauwhea
Whiro
1. (personal name) atua of things associated with evil, darkness and death and a son of Rangi-nui and Papa-tū-ā-nuku. Whiro-te-tipua is the full name.
Te Pae-rangi: Ko te pakanga nui tēnei a nga tamariki a Rangi rāua ko Papa, arā a ngā atua Māori, ki a rātau anō; nā Whiro-te-tipua i whakatipu. Nā ka hinga a Whiro rātau ko tana ope; ko te take tēnā i heke ai a Whiro ki Rarohenga, ki te Muriwai-hou, arā ki Te Rēinga (M 2006:14). / Te Pae-rangi: This was the great battle of the children of Rangi and Papa, that is of the Māori atua, amongst themselves; it was Whiro-te-tipua who instigated it. Whiro and his forces were defeated; and that was the reason that Whiro fled to Rarohenga, to Muriwai-hou, that is to Te Rēinga.
See also atua
2. (personal noun) moon on the first night of the lunar month - for some tribes (e.g. Te Whānau-ā-Apanui) this is the sixteenth night of the lunar month - unsuitable day for planting and fishing, but good for eeling.
Whiro: Ka kōhiti te marama, he rā kino (TTT 1/7/1923:16). / New moon: The moon rises and its a bad day.
2. (loan) (noun) evil person, devil, heathen.
Kāore i hapa tā Te Whitu, tuku ana te wahine i a rātou kia romiromitia, kia mātakitakitia e te hātana, ā, kia takakinotia i te nui o tō rātou whakapono ki ngā mahi tohunga (TP 10/1904:2). / Nothing that Te Whitu had said was missed, the women allowed themselves to be massaged and gazed at by the heathen and to be abused because of their belief in the witchcraft.
mōrikarika
1. (verb) to be horrible, unpleasant, abominable, disgusting, repulsive, disgusted.
E ai ki tā Te Teira i tā ai, i mōrikarika a Hīpango i tōna kitenga i te Rātapu e takatakahia mārekereketia ana i reira (TTR 1990:17). / According to what Taylor published, Hīpango was disgusted when he saw the open violations of the Sabbath there.
Synonyms: mōrihariha, whakaweriweri, weriweri
2. (modifier) horrible, unpleasant, abominable, disgusting, repulsive.
Hāngai katoa ana te kāwai whakarārangi o tōna Hāhi tae atu ki ngā whakaakoranga me ngā karakia ki tō te Hāhi Mihinare, engari i mahue ake te Kai Hapa: ki tā te Māori kātahi te mahi mōrikarika ko tēnei, ko te kai i te tinana o te Karaiti, ā, ki te nuinga o rātou he tohu whakahāwea kē tēnei i te tinana o te tangata, takahi hoki i tōna mana (TTR 1996:128). / The church's hierarchical structure, teachings and services all reflected the Church of England, but the Holy Communion was omitted: Māori thought the eating of Christ's body was abhorrent because to the majority of them it symbolised contempt for a person's body and thus destroyed its mana.
3. (noun) ills, evilness, wickedness.
Ko te mea whakamāharahara rawa atu ki a Huata, ko te whakapiki ake i te ōhanga o te tāone o Te Wairoa, kia heke ai te tokomaha o te hunga e noho kore mahi ana, kia kaua e pāngia e ngā mōrikarika o tēnei tū momo noho (TTR 2000:86). / Huata’s greatest concern, was to raise the depressed economic circumstances of the town of Wairoa so that the number of the unemployed would be reduced and that the horrible effects of this way of living would be eliminated.
2. (noun) survivor.
3. (noun) protection from evil influences.
Heoi arā anō ētahi katoa ka whakahē hei taumaru i te toiora me te tapu o te whare tangata (Te Ara 2013). / However, there are some that do not permit this in order to protect women.
4. (noun) well-being, welfare.
He mema ia nō te Rōpū o Ngā Whāea, he rōpū hei whakatapu i te mārenatanga te kaupapa, me te whakaū hoki i te mahi a te whaea ki te whakapakari i te toiora wairua o tana tamaiti (TTR 1996:23). / She was a member of the Mother's Union, an organisation that promoted the sanctity of marriage and emphasised the mother's role in developing the child's spiritual well-being.
poautinitini
1. (noun) tribulation, evil, death, affliction, misery, suffering, adversity.
Ko tā te pakanga, ko te hūhi ko te poautinitini (TTR 1990:361). / That of war is discomfort and tribulation.
Synonyms: tiwhatiwha, kōtonga, whakapāwera, mōkinokino, auhi, whakapōuri
2. (noun) crime, evil deed.
muhari
1. (verb) (-a,-tia) to speak evil of, backbite, malign, denigrate, disparage.
Ko au pea e, kai ngā whare rā e muhari ana mō te pakihore (JPS 1898:131). / Perhaps it is me in that house being maligned for idleness.
See also ngau tuarā
Synonyms: kohimu, ngau tuarā, kōhumuhumu, kōhimuhimu, muhani, tūtara, whakakino, whakaparahako, whakatūtūā, whakahahani, whakahariharitae, kehi, whakakinokino, muheni, whakatuohu
moko
1. (noun) Māori tattooing designs on the face or body done under traditional protocols.
Tika tonu mātou ki te whare hei kākahutanga i ō mātou kahu Māori, e takatū ana mō te haka, tā rawa te kanohi ki te moko (TP 1/12/1902:3). / We went straight to the house to change into our Māori costumes, prepare for the performance and apply the moko to our faces.
2. (noun) logo, trademark.
Kei te poraka e mau ana te moko o te Taura Whiri (arā, ki te uma (taha mauī), he whakaahua paku noa iho), ā, kei te angaangamate ko te moko whakanui i te Tau o te Reo Māori (HM 4/1994:12). / On the sweatshirt is the logo of the Māori Language Commission (that is on the chest (left side), just a small design), and on the reverse side is the logo celebrating the Year of the Māori Language.
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mokomoko
1. (noun) lizard, skink, gecko - a general term. Because of their spiritual association with the atua Whiro, whose realm was of things evil, tuatara and geckos were feared.
Ko te rite o te Hauhau kei te ngārara nei kei te mokomoko pārae, kua patua e te tangata, motu ana te hiku, kua mate kē te tinana, kei te oioi tonu te hiku (TWM 9/9/1865:5). / The Hauhau are like this reptile, the gecko, that a person has killed, when the tail is cut off and the body has already died, the tail continues to quiver.
See also moko
2. (noun) torrentfish, Cheimarrichthys fosteri - a smallish, stocky fish with a strongly arched back and flattened ventral surface, large eyes on top of a head shaped like an inverted shovel, the mouth below , and the lower jaw distinctly shorter than the upper. An endemic fish found in larger, braided, gravel, open rivers of the North and South Islands. Solitary and secretive.
See also panoko
oho
1. (noun) likeness, resemblance, notion, idea, feeling, the visible material emblem of an atua - type of āria in a physical form that can be used for evil purposes.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 225-226;)
Ko te oho he momo āria tēnei he pēnei i te tuha, i te maramara matimati, i te makawe, i te mimi, me ērā momo mea, nō te mea ka taea te tiki atu ka whakamahi mō tētahi kaupapa kino kei roto i a koe e takoto ana (Wh4 2004:225). / The 'oho' is a type of 'āria', such as spittle, nail clippings, hair, urine, and suchlike, because these can be taken and used for a devious purpose that one might harbour.
Synonyms: taurite, ritenga, āhua, āhuatanga, rite, whakaritenga, ariā, tairitenga, ōrite
2. (adjective) be clever.
3. (noun) the hau of the human footprint - in walking, a person leaves a certain amount of this hau in every footprint he makes. Anyone having evil designs on him will gather up the earth on which the footprint is impressed, and bearing it to the sacred whata puaroa, he will use it as a medium through which to injure that person by mākutu.
Ko te ariā o te wairua, ko ngā makawe, ko tōna mauri hoki tērā. Kātahi ka naomia ko te manea. Ko tōna ariātanga ko te iwi tonu (JPS 1899:49). / The hair was the semblance of the 'wairua', that being his mauri. He then took the 'manea', in the form of the bone itself.
tohunga
1. (verb) to be expert, proficient, adept.
Nō waenganui o te tekau tau atu i 1920, i reira tonu a ia e tohunga ana, e noho kaitiaki ana (TTR 1996:159). / In the mid 1920s he was still active there as a tohunga and guardian.
Synonyms: kaiaka, ringa rehe, Kei a ... mō te ..., matatau
2. (noun) skilled person, chosen expert, priest, healer - a person chosen by the agent of an atua and the tribe as a leader in a particular field because of signs indicating talent for a particular vocation. Those who functioned as priests were known as tohunga ahurewa. They mediated between the atua and the tribe, gave advice about economic activities, were experts in propitiating the atua with karakia and were experts in sacred lore, spiritual beliefs, traditions and genealogies of the tribe. Tohunga mākutu, or tohunga whaiwhaiā, specialised in the occult and casting evil spells. Those chosen to specialise in carving are tohunga whakairo, in tattooing are tohunga tā moko, in astrology are tohunga kōkōrangi, in composing songs are tohunga tito waiata, in canoe making are tohunga tārai waka, in rituals are tohunga karakia, etc. Tohunga were trained in a traditional whare wānanga or by another tohunga.
(Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 122-123;)
Ki te kore he kai, kua riro mā tētahi o ngā tohunga e karakia, kua rere mai he kai ki runga ki te waka. He ika, he manu me ētahi atu tūmomo kai mata (HP 1991:9). / If there was no food, one of the tohunga would say a ritual chant and food would fly onto the vessel - fish, birds and other types of raw food.
Me puta i a mātou tētahi kupu whakaatu mō ngā tohunga Māori o mua, mō ō mātou hoa Pākehā hoki kia mārama ai rātou ki te āhua o ērā tū tāngata. Arā, i te takiwā e mana ana ngā mahi mākutu he tino tangata te tangata tohunga i ngā kāinga Māori katoa atu, he tangata whai mana ia. He tangata ia e whakanuia ana, e manaakitia ana e te tangata katoa atu; ka kore i te aroha ki tōna tinana, he wehi pea ki tōna mana i pēnā ai. He atua ana kaimahi, arā ko ngā wairua o ētahi o ana tamariki kua mate atu, ōna whanaunga kē atu rānei, ā e rongo tonu ana aua atua ki āna tono. Ki te whakaaro a te tangata e whai mana ana aua atua ki te oneone, ki te rangi, ki te ahi, ki te wai, ki ngā tinana hoki me ngā tikanga katoa atu o te tangata. Nō konei ka pā he mate ki te tangata kia kīia tonutia he atua e ngau ana i a ia, he mea unga nā tētahi tangata mauāhara ki a ia. E kore e kimihia māriretia tōna take noa iho o te mate; engari ka kīia tonutia he atua kua uru ki te tinana o te tangata kua pāngia e te mate, ā e kore e taea te pei noa iho, me karakia anō e taea ai, kātahi ka tīkina te tohunga māna e mahi. Ehara i te mea he mahi whakaora anake te mahi a te tohunga, engari he kaha anō tōna ki te whakapā he mate ki te tangata, ki te mahi noa atu hoki i ētahi mahi whakamīharo nui, i runga i te kaha o ōna atua. Ka hiahia te tangata kia mate tōna hoariri, nā me tiki ia i tētahi wāhi o te kahu, tētahi o ngā huruhuru rānei o te māhunga, o taua tangata, tētahi mea noa atu rānei kua pā ki te tinana o taua tangata, arā o tōna hoariri, ka mutu ka mauria taua mea ki te tohunga hei whāngai hau; ā (ki te mea ka rahi he utu māna) ka karakiatia taua mea e te tohunga, kātahi ka werohia te tangata rā e ngā atua o te tohunga, ka nohoia rānei tōna tinana e aua atua, ka mate hoki ia, ka hemo rawa atu, arā ki te kore ia e kite i tētahi tohunga kaha rawa kia ripaia tōna mate; kātahi ka hoki mai ki te kai i a ia ngā atua o te tohunga nāna nei i mākutu te tangata e mate ana - he mea tāiro hoki (TWMNT 14/12/1875:294). / We must express a few words about the ancient Māori tohunga, and for our Pākehā friends so that they understand the nature of those kinds of people. At the time when witchcraft was prevailed, the tohunga was an important person in every Māori village. He was a person of prestige, was honoured and treated with consideration, if not for love of him as a person, then perhaps from fear of his power. His workers were atua, namely the spirits of some of his children who had died, or some near relations, and those atua heeded his requests. People considered that those atua had power over the earth, the heavens, fire, and water, as well as over the body and affairs of people. And so when a person became sick it was ascribed to an atua, instigated against him/her by someone bearing ill will. They would not search for any material cause of the disease; but would immediately attribute it to an atua, and it could not be ejected except by ritual chants, so then the tohunga were fetched to do his work. The tohunga could not only heal, but could also inflict diseases on someone, and perform amazing deeds through the power of his atua. When someone wanted to destroy his enemy, he needed to procure a portion of his garment, or a hair of his head, or something that had been in contact with that person's body, that is his enemy, and then take it to the tohunga to make ceremonial offering of food to the atua, and (provided the payment was sufficient) the tohunga would perform certain incantations over it. Then that person would be pierced by the tohunga's atua or his body would be invaded by the atua and he would become sick and die, that is unless he were able to procure the services of a more powerful tohunga to save him; in which case the tohunga's incantations would recoil upon himself, and he would probably become the victim.
tuatara
1. (noun) tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus - an endemic reptile with baggy skin and spines down the back. Because of their spiritual association with the atua Whiro, whose realm was of things evil, tuatara and geckos were feared.
Te ingoa o taua waka, ko 'Mangarara'; ngā rangatira o runga, ko Wheketoro, ko te Waiopotango, ko Rauarikiao, ko Tarawhata, me ētahi atu. Nā tēnei waka i mau mai te tuatara, te teretere, te kumukumu, te moko pārae, me te moko kākāriki, (he mea āhua rite katoa ki te tuatara) (TWMNT 22/8/1876:201). / The name of the canoe was 'Mangarara', and the chiefs who came on it were Wheketoro, Waiopotango, Rauarikiao, Tarawhata, and a number of others. This canoe brought the tuatara, the brown gecko, the kumukumu, the moko pārae, and the green gecko, (all reptiles like the tuatara).
kete tuatea
1. (noun) basket of ancestral knowledge of mākutu and whaiwhaiā and evil, including war - one of the three baskets of knowledge and also includes agriculture, tree or wood work, stone work and earth works.
Tāwhia kia mau, kia ita i roto i te heketanga o te wānanga o ngā karakia o te kete tuatea i a koe, e koro, e! (JPS 1926:107). / Retain and hold firm, be steadfast in the inherited knowledge of the ritual chants of the art of magic that you possess, sir!
See also kete o te wānanga
