huruwhenua
1. (noun) fern - a general term for forest plants that reproduce by way of spores.
Arā ētahi huruwhenua iti ka tipu i te papa o te ngahere, pērā i te kiokio. Arā anō ētahi huruwhenua nui, pērā i te kaponga (RP 2009:215). / There are some small ferns that grow on the forest floor, like the kiokio (palm-leaf fern). There are also some large ferns, such as the silver tree fern.
parareka
1. (noun) king fern, horseshoe fern, Marattia salicin - huge, tufted native ground fern with unusually large, heavy, dark, glossy fronds, divided into long, strap-like leaflets. Stalks clasping at base, with large ear-like lobes. The underground stems were an important food.
See also para
Synonyms: para, paratawhiti, uwhi para
2. (noun) potato (Eastern dialect), Solanum tuberosum - a general term for potato but also refers to a specific oval-shaped cultivar with pink-and-yellow mottled skin and white floury flesh.
Ka riro taua whare hei kītini mahinga kai, muri iho ka noho hei pākoro parareka, paukena hoki (TP 10/1905:10). / That building was used as a kitchen to prepare food, and later it became a storehouse for potatoes and pumpkins.
See also taewa
paretao
1. (noun) shining spleenwort, Asplenium oblongifolium - large tufted native fern with very glossy fronds. Leaflets pointed with fine teeth. Distinctive brown herringbone pattern on the underneath of mature fronds. Common on coastal cliffs, in scrub and forest, usually on ground but also on trees.
Ka tae mai ki te ngahere, ka kai, he paretao ngā kai (W 1971:267). / On arriving at the forest they ate paretao fern.
See also huruhuru whenua
Synonyms: parenako
2. (noun) strap fern, finger fern, Notogrammitis billardierei - tufted native perching fern. Fronds narrow, blunt and strap-like. Common in forest or scrub on the lower sections of tree trunks, on rocks and occasionally on the ground.
3. (noun) shore spleenwort, Asplenium obtusatum - a native coastal fern confined in the northern part of its range to only the most exposed situations. Further south it grows not only on exposed cliffs but also in coastal vegetation where it often forms an important association with Hebe elliptica and Blechnum durum. Frequently associated with sea bird colonies. Rhizome stout, often forming a hard woody mass above ground, bearing brown, shiny, ovate, acuminate scales. Has thich fleshy fronds.
para
1. (noun) king fern, horseshoe fern, Marattia salicina - huge, tufted native ground fern with unusually large, heavy, dark, glossy fronds, divided into long, strap-like leaflets. Stalks clasping at base, with large ear-like lobes. The underground stems were an important food.
Ka tunua ki te ahi ka maoa, ka romia, tangotango ana, ka mawhaki, ka kitea te māngaro, ka kīia kātahi te para māngaro (TP 1/1911:4). / It is cooked in the fire and when ready, it is squeezed, handled, broken open and the flouriness is discovered so the comment is made that it is floury para fern tubers.
Synonyms: parareka, paratawhiti, uwhi para
2. (noun) banded kōkopu, cockabully, Galaxias fasciatus, whitebait - small, blunt-nosed, endemic freshwater fish that is slender, lacks scales and carries a dorsal fin set far to the rear. Head and body dark brown to olive-green with narrow polar bars crossing flanks and continuous across back. Widespread in forested areas. Capable of climbing moist vertical faces. The juvenile form is called whitebait.
See also kōkopu
Synonyms: kōkopuruao, kōkopu taiwhara, kōkopu, kōpakopako, parakeke, ruao, ruwao, moruru, kōriwhariwha, kōawheawhe
3. (noun) orchid tuber - tuberous edible roots of potato orchids, Gastrodia cunninghamii, Orthoceras strictum.
2. (noun) perforated spiral carving.
Ko wai te tangata kei te kainga-a-ngaru o te waka, ko wai kei te tainga-riu, ko wai kei te pītau o te kei? (TTT 1/1/1924:8). / Who is the person at the bow of the canoe, who is at the bailing place, and who is at the carved stern post.
3. (noun) figurehead of a canoe ornamented with perforated spiral carving.
Kei runga kei te pītau e whēterotero ana te arero (W 1971:284). / On top was the carved figurehead with the tongue protruding.
4. (noun) canoe with a pītau figurehead.
Kei te puhinga ki ngā huruhuru kererū, tūī, ehara! kātahi anō ka āta pīwari tēnei mea te waka taua, he toiere, he waka whakarei, he pītau (M 2006:364). / When it is adorned with pigeon and tūī feathers, behold how beautiful the war canoe is, a toiere (war canoe with carved stem and stern), a whakarei (ornamental canoe) and a pītau (canoe with a figurehead ornamented with perforated spiral carving).
2. (noun) Prince of Wales Feathers, crape fern, Leptopteris superba - native tufted ground fern, often with a short woody trunk. Fronds tapered equally at both ends, very finely divided. Fluffy to touch. Grows best in cool, wet forest. Frond tapers at both ends.
Synonyms: maikukuroa, pūniu, tētē kura, tētēkura, ngutungutu kiwi, pūnui, tētē, ngutu kākāriki
uwhi para
1. (noun) king fern, horseshoe fern, Marattia salicina - huge, tufted native ground fern with unusually large, heavy, dark, glossy fronds, divided into long, strap-like leaflets. Stalks clasping at base, with large ear-like lobes. The underground stems were an important food.
See also para
Synonyms: para, parareka, paratawhiti
ponga
1. (noun) silver tree fern, Cyathea dealbata - tall, native tree-fern with prominent, peg-like frond bases on the trunk and having fronds green or yellow-green above and silver-white beneath. The frond stalk is white. Common in dry forest and open scrub.
Kua oti te wāpu te whakapaipai ki te nīkau, ki te ponga, ki te tini noa atu o ngā mea o te nehenehe (TWMNT 18/6/1873:69). / The wharf had been decorated with nīkau and silver tree fern fronds and many other things from the forest.
Synonyms: kaponga
kiwikiwi
1. (noun) creek fern, Blechnum fluviatile - tufted native ground fern. Dense flattish or drooping rosette of barren fronds with a few upright, spike-like, fertile fronds in the centre. Fronds have 20-30 pairs of almost round, olive-green, fairly uniform-sized leaflets. Common in damp, shady forest, mostly by streams. Also known as kiwakiwa.
Ko te maro he rau otaota, kiwikiwi pea, aha rānei, ka āpiti ki te kōhatu, ko te ariā tēnā o te tangata (W 1971:183). / The 'maro' consists of leaves, possibly of creek fern, or something similar, that is placed beside a stone, and that represents the person.
See also kiwakiwa
maikukuroa
1. (noun) Prince of Wales Feathers, crape fern, Leptopteris superba - native tufted ground fern, often with a short woody trunk. Fronds tapered equally at both ends, very finely divided. Fluffy to touch. Grows best in cool, wet forest. Frond tapers at both ends.
See also heruheru
Synonyms: ngutu kākāriki, pūniu, tētē kura, tētēkura, ngutungutu kiwi, pūnui, tētē, heruheru
manamana
1. (noun) hen and chickens fern, Asplenium bulbiferum - tufted native ground fern. Stalks and midribs dark brown below, green above. Fronds feathery, and often recognised by young plants growing on the upper surface. Found in forests throughout the country.
See also mouku
pukupuku
1. (stative) be lumpy, swollen.
E whakapaetia ana nā tētahi tipu i pukupuku ai te kiri (PK 2008:707). / It is asserted that the skin is swollen because of a particular plant.
Synonyms: pokuru, pōkurukuru, hōpūpū, hīngarungaru, pōrukuruku
2. (modifier) goose-flesh, goose-pimples.
Ko te kiri pukupuku me te rere o te hūpē ngā hoa haere o te takurua (PK 2008:707). / Goose-pimples and the flowing of nose mucus are the companions of winter.
3. (noun) lump, tumour.
Koia nei ngā tohu o te kohi i mua atu o te wā e kitea ai e te katoa. He pukupuku ētahi kei runga ake o te ā o te kakī (TTT 1/8/1929:1053). / These are the symptoms of tuberculosis before the time that it is fully evident. Some have lumps above the collar-bone.
Synonyms: huahua, puku, poikurukuru, pōkurukuru, tipu, repe, koropuku, pungapunga, punga
4. (noun) cancer.
Ko te tangata e pāngia ana e te pukupuku, kauaka e puta ki te wāhi mātao (KO 14/9/1882:10). / The person afflicted with cancer should not go to cold places.
5. (noun) shield - closely woven mat used for protection in battle.
Kāhore he riri, he rongo rānei o te riri, huri noa te ao katoa. Kua tārewa noa te tao me te pukupuku (TTT 1/12/1930:2198). / No war nor sound of battle was heard, right around the world. The spear and shield were hung up.
Synonyms: kahupeka, whakaruruhau, whakangungu rākau, whakapuru tao, maru, ārai, pākai, whakangungu, hīra, ārei, puapua
6. (noun) flax cloak.
Ko ngā kākahu ēnei o roto o te puku: he kaitaka, he pukupuku pātea, he pukupuku, he kahu-waero, he kahu-toroa, he pūahi, he kākahu-kura, he kahu-kiwi, he kahu-kekeno, he maiaorere, he kahakaha, he korirangi, he tātata, he mangaeka tātara, he pūreke, me ērā atu (NM 1928:129). / These were the garments that were in the stomach: a flax fibre cloak with tāniko border, a cloak with an ornamental border, a flax cloak, a cape of dog tail skins, a cape covered with albatross down, a cloak of strips of dogskin, a cape of red feathers, a kiwi feather cloak, a sealskin cape, a maiaorere fine cloak, an undergarment, a cloak ornamented with black and white thrums of unscraped flax, a flax garment worn from the waist, a cape of undressed and undyed flax, a garment of undressed flax leaves, and other garments.
8. (noun) stork's bill, Pelargonium inodorum - forms low mounds of vivid green leaves up to 350mm, moving on to throw up a profusion of tiny flowers from October through to the end of summer. In late summer, plants produce large quantities of seed, giving plants an untidy appearance.
See also kōpata
Synonyms: kōpata, kōpatapata
2. (noun) Prince of Wales Feathers, crape fern, Leptopteris superba - native tufted ground fern, often with a short woody trunk. Fronds tapered equally at both ends, very finely divided. Fluffy to touch. Grows best in cool, wet forest. Frond tapers at both ends.
See also heruheru
Synonyms: heruheru, ngutu kākāriki, tētē kura, tētēkura, maikukuroa, pūnui, tētē, ngutungutu kiwi
maratata
1. (noun) hound's tongue fern, Microsorum pustulatum subsp. pustulatum - scrambling or climbing native fern with a thick, fleshy, rambling stem. The long-stalked, very glossy, leathery fronds are strap-like when young, later wide and very deeply lobed. Common in forest and scrub on trees, rocks or dry ground.
See also kōwaowao
Synonyms: raumanga, pāraharaha, kōwaowao
2. (noun) Stilbocarpa polaris - and endemic species.
3. (noun) gully fern, Cyathea cunninghamii - a tall, graceful tree fern similar to mamaku but with a more slender trunk, much more slender stalks and fronds. The trunk lacks the hexagonal scar pattern of mamaku and does not have the skirt of dead stalks of 'kātote'.
4. (noun) Prince of Wales Feathers, crape fern, Leptopteris superba - native tufted ground fern, often with a short woody trunk. Fronds tapered equally at both ends, very finely divided. Fluffy to touch. Grows best in cool, wet forest. Frond tapers at both ends.
See also heruheru
Synonyms: maikukuroa, ngutu kākāriki, pūniu, tētē kura, tētēkura, ngutungutu kiwi, tētē, heruheru
5. (noun) whekī-ponga, Dicksonia fibrosa - native tree fern with very thick, soft, fibrous, rusty-brown trunk and a heavy skirt of dead, pale-brown fronds. Many narrow fronds on very short stalks, harsh to touch.
See also whekī ponga
2. (noun) rough tree fern, Dicksonia squarrosa - native, medium-sized tree fern with a slender, often branching, trunk covered with black, peg-like remains of fallen fronds. Few fronds that spread horizontally with a few persistent brown dead fronds.
