hauhake
1. (verb) (-a,-hia,-na,-tia) to harvest, take up a root crop, dig up (a root crop).
Makaia ai ngā purapura ki roto i te awa kia kuhu tahi me ngā wātakirihi, hei te wā e hauhakea ai he huaranga kau i ngā pūtake o ngā wātakirihi e kohia ana (TP 10/1909:4). / Place the tubers in the stream to join with the watercress, and at the time of harvest, transplant the roots of the watercress you are collecting.
2. (modifier) harvesting, harvest.
Ka tae ki te wā hauhake i te māra kūmara, ā, ka hauhakena (NIT 1995:57). / The time for harvesting the kūmara garden arrived and the kūmara were dug up.
3. (noun) harvest.
Kia tae ki te wā o te hauhake he kōneke te waka kawekawe i ngā kai ki te rua kūmara, ki te pākoro hoki (TWK 54:31). / When the time of the harvest arrives a sledge is the vehicle to transport the food to the kūmara pit and the storage place.
wakawaka
1. (noun) share, division, division of a harvesting area - a descent group's division of a harvesting area and may be on land, river or sea. Wakawaka may be a few yards wide or several miles, depending on the resource. They are always named.
Ko tētahi tauira mai i a Ngāi Tahu kīia ai ko te wakawaka, ngā paenga rohe tauranga ika i waenganui i ngā hapū (Te Ara 2013). / An example from Ngāi Tahu is the wakawaka, the boundaries of fishing grounds between hapū.
Mō te wakawaka. Tōna tikanga, he wāhanga whenua ki ngā whānau o te iwi. Ko tēnei kupu ko te māra, ko roto i te wakawaka (BFM 2013:341). / Concerning the wakawaka. This refers to land divisions for the extended families of the tribe. The garden is within a wakawaka. (The Māori statement written in June 1917 by Hari Hēmara Wahanui, a chief of Ngāti Maniapoto.)
See also manu
Synonyms: tohatoha, toha, tiri, tuari, wāhi, moka, wāhanga, hea
2. (noun) fantail, Rhipidura fuliginosa - a small, friendly, insect-eating bird of the bush and domestic gardens which has a distinctive tail resembling a spread fan.
See also tīrairaka
Synonyms: tīrakaraka, tītīrairaka, tīraureka, pīrakaraka, pīrangirangi, pītakataka, tīrairaka pango, kōtiutiu, pīwaiwaka, tīwakawaka, tīrairaka, hīwaiwaka, hīrairaka, pīwakawaka, pīrairaka, tīwaiwaka, tītakataka
whawhaki
1. (verb) (whakia,-na) to gather, pick, pluck (fruit, etc.).
Te hīmoemoe hoki o te āporo nei - kāore e kore i whakia matatia mai (PK 2008:112). / This apple is sour - no doubt it was picked green.
Synonyms: whakiwhaki
2. (modifier) picking, plucking, gathering, harvesting (by picking).
Ka oti tērā kātahi ka tango mai i ngā tāngata whawhaki, hei te wāhine hei te tamariki, ka whakatūria kia tokotoru, kia tokowhā rānei i tētahi taha, i tētahi taha o taua mea (TWMNT 7/3/76:52). / When that's completed the pickers, who are women and children, take it and three or four stand on each side of that thing.
3. (noun) picking, plucking, gathering, harvesting (by picking).
Kātahi ka tīmata te whawhaki i ngā puāwai (TWMNT 7/3/1876:52). / Then the picking of the flowers begins.
pīwaiwai
1. (verb) (-a,-hia) to dig over, glean, harvest (root crops).
Ka mate au i te whakamā i te kai kore o te oneone, i te tuaruatanga ki te pīwaiwai, pīwai atu, pīwai atu (TWT 1/6/1858:2). / I am overcome with embarrassment because of the lack of food crops and from having to dig over the ground a second time to glean food from here and there.
2. (noun) small kūmara overlooked in lifting the crop.
pīwai
1. (verb) (-hia,-tia) to dig over, glean, harvest (root crops).
Ka mate au i te whakamā i te kai kore o te oneone, i te tuaruatanga ki te pīwaiwai, pīwai atu, pīwai atu (TWT 1/6/1858:2). / I am overcome with embarrassment because of the lack of food crops and from having to dig over the ground a second time to glean food from here and there.
2. (noun) small kūmara overlooked in lifting the crop.
3. (noun) last victim (of a battle).
Ko Kaiwharawhara tēnei, he parekura kei Whanganui, nā Te Whatahoro te ika pīwai, ko Te Mamaru (JPS 1929:218). / This was Kaiwharawhara, a battle at Whanganui where Te Whatahoro killed the last victim, Te Mamaru.
2. (modifier) at odd times.
3. (modifier) in an irregular manner, selectively.
Heoi anō, mō te tūpono tīpakopako kē te mahi a te kaipānui, me paku whakamārama anō i āianei (HM 4/1994:5). / However, in case the reader has only been reading selectively, it should now be explained briefly again.
ngahuru
1. (numeral) ten, tenth (following te) - used in a similar way to tekau but less frequently. Combines with other words to form the numbers from 11 to 19.
(Te Māhuri Study Guide (Ed. 1): 12;)
Ā pēnei tonu tae rawa ki te ngahuru o ngā rāngi (NM 1928:177). / And it continued like this until he reached the tenth heaven.
I te wā ka tae ki te ngahuru mā whā o ngā rā ka tae katoa mai ngā tohunga nei ki te mahi i te waka nei (JPS 1957:223). / When it came to the fourteenth day all the experts came to work on the canoe.
Hei te tīmatanga o ngā ua o te marama ngahuru ka tipu haere ēnei kai ki runga i te ākau (Te Ara 2016). / It grows on the reef at the beginning of the rains of the tenth month.
See also ngahuru mā tahi, ngahuru mā rua, ngahuru mā toru, ngahuru mā whā, ngahuru mā rima, ngahuru mā ono, ngahuru mā whitu, ngahuru mā waru, ngahuru mā iwa, tekau, tuangahuru
2. (noun) tenth month of the Māori year, autumn, harvest time - approximately equivalent to March.
(Te Māhuri Study Guide (Ed. 1): 12;)
Haria mai ana e ia he paruparu nō te awa, ngā rau e horohoro nei i te tino ngahuru, he whenua tawhito anō hoki, mahia katoatia ana e ia hei whakamōmona i tana pāmu (TH 1/12/1859:3). / He carries soil from the river, leaves that fall in the autumn as it is old ground and he does it all to make his farm fertile.
ahuwhenua
1. (verb) to be industrious, busy, conscientious, assiduous, active, diligent, energetic.
I kitea e tētahi tamaiti he kōhanga maina i runga i te rākau, kātahi ia ka ahuwhenua ki te tiki i taua kōhanga (TP 3/1901:7). / A boy saw a mynah’s nest in a tree, then he assiduously set about fetching that nest.
2. (modifier) cultivated, harvested.
Ka kaumātua haere au, ka huri ngā mahi ahuwhenua a ngā tāngata ki te moana, ki te hī ika hei hoko ki ngā Pākehā mai i Ākarana, ki te ngahere ki te mahi hōkeke hei hoko ki ngā tāngata Hainamana (TAH 58:9). / As I grew older the people turned to harvesting the sea, fishing and selling their catch to Pākehā from Auckland, to the forests to collecting ear fungus to sell to the Chinese.
3. (modifier) agricultural.
(Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 101-113;)
Nō konei mātau i whakaaro ai, kīhei rawa i āwhiwhiwhi ngā mahi ahuwhenua o nāianei ki ngā mahi ahuwhenua o mua (PKH 18/5/1906:2). / Consequently, we think that agricultural tasks of today are nothing like those of the past.
4. (noun) agriculture, land development.
Ā muri ake nei au āta whakataki ai i ngā mahi whakatipu hipi a Ngāti Porou i rongo nui ai tēnei iwi, engari he kupu ruarua nei āku mō tēnei mea, mō te ahuwhenua (TTT 1/10/1930:2159). / Later I will speak in detail about sheep farming in Ngāti Porou, which this tribe is well-known for, but I have a few words now about agriculture.
5. (noun) land management trust - established under Te Ture Whenua Māori 1993.
2. (verb) to be taken out of the ground (as a crop), lifted (as a crop), gathered in, harvested.
Ka maea te māra rīwai rā, ka tukutukua hei purapura, ā roaroa iho, ka nui haere tērā tū kai ki rauwhenua (KO 15/8/1884:5). / When that garden of potatoes was lifted they were distributed as seed, eventually becaming abundant in many countries.
Waitā
1. (personal noun) Taygeta - one of the stars in Te Kāhui o Matariki, the Pleiades star cluster. A star associated with food harvested from the sea.
E hono ana a Waitī rāua ko Waitā ki te kai me te wai; he tāne tētahi, he wahine tētahi. Ko te take kei runga ake a Waitī i a Waitā, he heke nō te wai māori ki te wai tai i ngā wā katoa, koirā te take kei ō rāua wāhi rāua e iri ana i te rangi (Matariki 2017:33). / Waitī (Maia) and Waitā (Taygeta) are associated with food and water; one is male and the other female. The reason that Waitī is situated above Waitā is because fresh water always flows down to salt water, that’s the reason for their positions in the sky.
kererū
1. (noun) New Zealand pigeon, kererū, Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae - a large green, copper and white native bush pigeon which was eaten by Māori. Kererū were one of two foods harvested during the Māori new year.
(Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 11; Te Pihinga Study Guide (Ed. 1): 1;)
2. (noun) New Zealand pigeon feather.
Ka pūhekitia ki te kererū (W 1971:319). / It was ornamented with New Zealand pigeon feathers.
kuta
1. (noun) tall spike sedge, great spike rush, bamboo spike-sedge, Eleocharis sphacelata - a rush growing to about 1 m which spreads from a creeping rhizome and has thick hollow stems of bright green. Found throughout Aotearoa/New Zealand in swamps and on lake edges and is often partially submerged. The soft, flattened, hollow stalks (culms) of kuta are a popular resource for weavers. The long culms are harvested, placed under matting for about 3 days to flatten, then woven into soft hats, mats, and kete. Kuta dries to an attractive golden-brown shade.
2. (noun) maro made of the kuta rush - worn by women.
Ko ngā wāhine moe tāne he pakimaero te kaka, he kuta, te whatu he mea herehere, ā, he harakeke toetoe ai kia pēnei te whara o ngā tuwhara nei te rarahi, ka mea ai he aka kāī, he aka mangemange, he aka tororaro rānei ka nati ai ki runga, ka rite ki te hope o te wahine, ki te ponaturi ka mutu (JPS 1928:177). / The married women wore a kilt fashioned from kuta, made by tying them together, also from flax split into strips about as wide as those used in making course floor mats, and these were fastened onto a kāī [Podocarpus spicatus] branch, bushman's mattress vine [Lygodium articulatum], or wire vine [Muehlenbeckia complexa] and made to fit the waist of the woman, and it extended down to her knees.
pure
1. (verb) (-a,-tia) to ritually remove tapu.
Ko te tikanga o tēnei mea, o te kawa, e pure ana i te kawa tapu o Tāne kia noa (TTT 1/5/1930:2055). / The purpose of the kawa ceremony is to ritually remove the tapu of Tāne so that it becomes free of tapu.
Synonyms: whakanoa
2. (noun) ceremony to remove tapu.
Nō te taenga mai ki konei kātahi ka karangatia te hui, arā te hākari, te pure mō taua hahunga mai (TWMNT 19/6/1872:85). / On arriving here the meeting was called, that is the feast and the ceremony for the uplifting of the bones.
3. (noun) oven in which food was cooked as part of the pure ceremony.
Ka whakaritea e te tohunga he tūmau hei tahu he umu te ingoa he 'pure' (TP 8/1903:6). / The tohunga arranged for a cook to light an oven, which was called a 'pure'.
4. (noun) rites to lift the tapu at the Ringatū harvest to ensure a plentiful crop, religious purification rites - designed to neutralise tapu, using water and karakia, or to propitiate the atua, using cooked food.
E rua anō ngā rā nui o te tau o te Ringatū i hiwaia e ia, arā, ko te huamata i te tahi o Hune me te pure i te tahi o Noema; he whakatō kai te tikanga o te huamata, ā, kia nui ai te hua o te kai i meinga ai te pure (TTR 1998:27). / There are two important days of the Ringatū faith that he focused on, namely the huamata on the first of June and the pure on the first of November; the huamata is when the planting rites are held, and the pure is so that the harvest is plentiful.
tapu
1. (stative) be sacred, prohibited, restricted, set apart, forbidden, under atua protection - see definition 4 for further explanations.
I taua wā ko Te Riri anake te tangata o Ngāti Hine e kaha ana ki te noho i aua whenua. Ko te mea hoki e tapu katoa ana te whaitua nei, pokapoka katoa ana ngā hiwi i ngā rua tūpāpaku (TTR 1998:82). / At that time Te Riri was the only person of Ngāti Hine who wanted to live on the property, because the area was tapu and the surrounding hills were riddled with burial caves.
Synonyms: whakaihi, rohe, kura, whakatapu, puaroa, taparere, apiapi, rāhui, kōpiri, ārikarika
2. (modifier) sacred, prohibited, restricted, set apart, forbidden, under atua protection - see definition 4 for further explanations.
Kei te maumahara tonu ngā uri o Te Whiti ki te tūruapō, arā, te maunga tapu kei te tonga, kei tōna ātārangi he rākau, e pae rua ake ana i tōna peka ngā manu mōhio a Mumuhau rāua ko Takeretō (TTR 1994:172). / It is remembered by Te Whiti's descendants, namely that there is a sacred mountain to the south and in its shadow there is a tree with a branch and on this branch are two birds of knowledge, Mumuhau and Takaretō.
3. (modifier) holy - an adaptation of the original meaning for the Christian concept of holiness and sanctity.
Otiia hei minita anō rātou i roto i tōku wāhi tapu, hei tiaki i ngā kūwaha o te whare, hei minita ki te whare (PT Ehekiera 44:11). / Yet they shall be ministers in my sanctuary, having charge at the gates of the house, and ministering to the house.
4. (noun) restriction, prohibition - a supernatural condition. A person, place or thing is dedicated to an atua and is thus removed from the sphere of the profane and put into the sphere of the sacred. It is untouchable, no longer to be put to common use. The violation of tapu would result in retribution, sometimes including the death of the violator and others involved directly or indirectly. Appropriate karakia and ceremonies could mitigate these effects. Tapu was used as a way to control how people behaved towards each other and the environment, placing restrictions upon society to ensure that society flourished. Making an object tapu was achieved through rangatira or tohunga acting as channels for the atua in applying the tapu. Members of a community would not violate the tapu for fear of sickness or catastrophe as a result of the anger of the atua. Intrinsic, or primary, tapu are those things which are tapu in themselves. The extensions of tapu are the restrictions resulting from contact with something that is intrinsically tapu. This can be removed with water, or food and karakia. A person is imbued with mana and tapu by reason of his or her birth. High-ranking families whose genealogy could be traced through the senior line from the atua were thought to be under their special care. It was a priority for those of ariki descent to maintain mana and tapu and to keep the strength of the mana and tapu associated with the atua as pure as possible. People are tapu and it is each person's responsibility to preserve their own tapu and respect the tapu of others and of places. Under certain situations people become more tapu, including women giving birth, warriors travelling to battle, men carving (and their materials) and people when they die. Because resources from the environment originate from one of the atua, they need to be appeased with karakia before and after harvesting. When tapu is removed, things become noa, the process being called whakanoa. Interestingly, tapu can be used as a noun or verb and as a noun is sometimes used in the plural. Noa, on the other hand, can not be used as a noun.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 237-240; Te Kōhure Video Tapes (Ed. 1): 6;)
Kāore he kai maoa o runga i tēnei waka, i a Tākitimu, nā te tapu. He kai mata anake (HP 1991:9). / There was no cooked food on this canoe, on Tākitimu, because it was tapu. There was only raw food.
Ko tēnei i muri nei he karakia whakahorohoro i ngā tapu o ngā tāngata (TWMNT 3/4/1872:58). / The following is a ritual chant to remove the tapu of people.
See also rāhui
Synonyms: poropeihana, apiapi, aukatinga, here, kōpiri, rāhui
