pā tūwatawata
1. (noun) fort defended by a stockade.
He whare maihi tū ki roto ki te pā tūwatawata, he tohu nō te rangatira: Whare maihi tū ki te wā ki te paenga, he kai nā te ahi (JPS 1913:63). / A carved house standing in a fortified pā is the mark of a well-bred man; a carved house standing in the open, among the cultivations is food for the fire.
See also tūwatawata
2. (noun) castle.
whakangungu
1. (verb) (-a,-hia,-tia) to defend, protect.
Kei te karakia parepare i ngā mea kino o te ao, ā whakangungu tonu atu ki te Pae o Kahukura (JPS 1893:227). / It is used in the karakia to ward off the evils of the world, and in invoking the Pae o Kahukura.
Synonyms: taumaru, whakahau, whakamaru, pare, araarai, whakahaumaru, whakaruru, rī, manaaki, tiaki, whakamarumaru, whakaruruhau, rauhī, parahau
2. (verb) (-a,-hia,-tia) to train.
He ika tauhou tino pai kē nei ia, ā, nuku kē atu ana ōna mōhio i ērā o ngā tauira o tōna karaehe mō ngā marama e ono e whakaakona ana ia i te kura whakangungu o Ngā Pirihimana o Aotearoa i Māwaihākona (TTR 2000:81). / She was an outstanding recruit and she out-performed the other cadets of her class during the six months she was training at the New Zealand Police Training School in Trentham.
3. (modifier) defensive, protective.
Ka whakamāramatia ake; e rima ngā mauri kei tēnei motu, e haere ana i roto i te karakia whakangungu (JPS 1893:222). / There are five mauri in this island which are used in protective karakia.
Synonyms: parahau
4. (noun) training.
Koinei anake te whakangungu kaiako i pai ki a au (HM 4/2008:3). / This was the only teacher training that I liked.
5. (noun) shield, protection - usually as whakangungu rākau.
See also whakangungu rākau
Synonyms: pukupuku, hīra, pākai, ārai, ārei, whakapuru tao, whakaruruhau, kahupeka, maru, amarara, hamarara, parahau, whakahau, pare, puapua, tiakanga, whakamaru, waonga, whakangungu rākau, papare, tiakitanga, tiaki, taumarumaru, pātūtū, whakahaumaru, taumaru, kaikaro
2. (verb) (waoa,-na,-tia) to distract attention.
I wareware au ki tēnā; nā te maha o ngā kōrero i wawao (W 1971:479). / I forgot that because there was so much discussion that I was distracted.
3. (verb) (waoa,-tia) to part, separate (combatants).
Ko ngā mea e here ana ka wetekia, ko ngā mea e ngangau ana ka waoa (MM.TKM 30/11/1860:47). / Those who were bound were released, and those who were devouring one another were parted.
2. (modifier) defensive, defending.
I ngā rā whakamutunga ake o te marama o Maehe o te tau 1941, i nekehia atu te hokowhitu Māori ki Kariki, noho tatari whakawawao ai rātou i te whakawhitinga o Orimipia ki ngā Tiamana e whakaeke haere mai ana (TTR 2000:103). / In late March 1941, the Māori Battalion moved to Greece and took up defensive positions against the invading Germans at Olympus Pass.
kaikaro
1. (noun) defendant.
Ka āhei e te kaikaro te kī ko taua hē i mahia e ia i runga i te whakaaro e mahi tika ana ia i raro i ngā tikanga o tēnei Ture. / The defendant is able to say that that mistake that she made was done with the understanding that she was acting correctly under the provisions of this Act.
2. (verb) warding off, protection - using a spell.
Koia a Tāmure i mea ai mā tana kōtiro e kai taua hāngī, kua oti hoki tana kōtiro te karakia, te matatawhito, arā te whakangungu, te parepare, te kaikaro (NM 1928:145). / That's why Tāmure made his daughter eat that hāngī cooked food, because his daughter had completed the ritual chants, the ancient spells, that is, the spells that ward off, defend and protect.
Synonyms: taumaru, whakahaumaru, pātūtū, taumarumaru, tiaki, tiakitanga, papare, whakangungu rākau, waonga, amarara, hamarara, parahau, whakahau, whakangungu, pare, puapua, tiakanga, whakamaru
3. (noun) goalkeeper.
parahau
1. (verb) (-tia) to defend, protect, justify.
Me tū koe ki mua o te huihuinga, ka parahau ai i tāu i tuhi ai i roto i te nūpepa. / You should stand before the gathering and justify what you wrote in the newspaper.
Synonyms: whakahaumaru, whakaruru, rī, manaaki, tiaki, whakamarumaru, whakaruruhau, rauhī, araarai, whakahau, whakangungu, whakamaru, pare, taumaru
2. (modifier) protective, defensive.
Nā te hiahia o te Pākehā ki te motu o Hauturu, i mutu ai ngā mahi hokohoko e hia tau kē nei e whakahāereere ana kāre he raruraru. Nā tō rātou hiahia i te tīmatanga kia hoko mai i te motu hei wāhi parahau, ka tīmataria e ngā āpiha a te Karauna ngā whakariterite mō te hoko i te tau 1878 (TTR 1994:177). / Because the Pākehā wanted Little Barrier Island, the many years of untroubled trading ended. At first interested in buying the island was for defensive purposes, and Crown officials began purchase operations about 1878.
Synonyms: whakangungu
3. (noun) protection.
Ahakoa kāore i whakatumahia a Whāingaroa i te wā o te pakanga, i whakamaurākautia e Te Awa-i-taia ētahi o ana tāngata hei āwhina i te ope wawao a te kāwanatanga i te haukāinga. Nāna anō i whakarato he tāngata hei kaiārahi hei kaiāwhina hoki mō Rūtene Tianara Duncan Cameron, ā, mēnā e hiahiatia ana, he tāngata āna hei parahau mō Tāmaki-makau-rau (TTR 1990:175). / Although Raglan was not under threat at the time of the war, Te Awa-i-taia armed some of his men to assist government troops to defend his home. He provided guides and auxiliaries for Lieutenant General Duncan Cameron, and, if they were needed, men to defend Auckland.
Synonyms: taumaru, whakahaumaru, pātūtū, taumarumaru, tiaki, tiakitanga, papare, whakangungu rākau, waonga, amarara, hamarara, whakahau, whakangungu, pare, puapua, tiakanga, whakamaru, kaikaro
whakatuaki
1. (verb) (-na,-tia) to accuse, blame, impute.
Kāti te whakatuaki i a au - nā Hine kē taua mahi. / Stop blaming me - it was Hine who did that.
Synonyms: hāmene, whakapā hē, whakapae
2. (noun) accused, defendant.
Kua tīmata te rōia o te whakatuaki ki te whakatakoto i āna kōrero whakautu ki ngā whakapae a te karauna. / The lawyer for the defendant has begun to set out her defence against the accusations of the crown.
Synonyms: herehere
parepare
1. (verb) (-a) to turn aside, ward off, divert, go to one side, avoid.
Na, ka pangā nei e tātou ngā paraire ki ngā māngai o ngā hōiho, kia rongo ai rātou ki a tātou; ā pareparea ana e tātou tō rātou tinana katoa (PT Hemi 3:3). / Behold, we put bits in the horses' mouths, that they may obey us; and we turn about their whole body.
2. (noun) enticing movement of a woman’s hips (in haka).
Ko tētahi wāhanga o tā te wahine whakatautau, ko te parepare i tōna hope hei whakapoapoa i te hunga mātakitaki (RMR 2017). / A part of a woman's movement in an enticing way is the movement of her hips to charm the audience.
3. (noun) fortification wall, breastwork, parapet - protective wall of earth.
E toru ngā parepare o taua pā, i roto tētahi, i waho mai e rua, puta noa ki tētahi taha ki tētahi taha e taiāwhio ana i te pā te teitei o ētahi o aua parepare tekau mā rua putu (TWM 11/2/1862:1). / There were three fortification walls of that pā, one inside and two outside, going right around the sides of the pā with the height of some of those fortification walls being twelve feet.
4. (noun) defender, protector.
I muri rawa mai, ka noho ko ia te parepare mō tōna whaene i tōna hokonga i a Kaitarakihi me tā rātou pāmu (TTR 2000:31). / Much later he was the defender for his mother and her wish to sell Kaitarakihi and their farm.
Synonyms: ruruhau, whakaruru, kaiwhakamarumaru, whakamarumaru, whakaruruhau
tuarā
1. (verb) (-tia) to assist, help, support, maintain.
Ko tana tāne ko Īnia Te Rangi; ahakoa rā te pihi kore o te rito, riro ana nā ngā uri o ōna tungāne, nā Tāmati rāua ko Tīemi te kāwai i tuarā (TTR 1996:171). / Her husband was Inia Te Rangi and although they had no children, the lines are maintained by the descendants of her brothers Tamati and Tiemi.
Synonyms: pupuru, whakanonoi
2. (noun) back (body part).
Ko taua mahi hoki, ko te katikati, he mahi mate te ringaringa, me te tuarā, me ngā wāhi katoa o te tangata (TWM 17/10/1863:2). / That occupation, shearing, affects the arms, back and all parts of a person.
Synonyms: angaangamate, angamate, tua, whakatuarā, takamuri, kōkai
3. (noun) ally, support, defender.
Nō muri mai, ka patua e Te Pareihe rātau ko ana tuarā, a Te Momo, kātahi ka panaia ngā mahuetanga o Ngāti Te Koherā (TTR 1990:177). / Later Te Pareihe and his allies killed Te Momo and then drove out the remnants of Ngāti Te Koherā.
2. (noun) trainer.
2. (noun) advocate, public defender, counsel.
I kitea e ia tona pūkenga ki ngā mahi a te kaiwawao; he mātauranga i whakaaturia e ia i ngā tau i muri mai i Heretaunga ki te takiwā tuawhenua o Te Matau-a-Māui me Tūranga (TTR 1994:22). / He discovered his skill as an advocate, knowledge which was displayed in later years from Hawke's Bay area and in Gisborne.
3. (noun) mediator, go-between.
Kātahi ka tū mai hoki te kawe a riri ki Taranaki. Ka haere te wā ka whakatau a Taiaroa ko ia hei kaiwawao mō te hunga tauwhāinga i reira (TTR 1990:137). / Then war broke out in Taranaki. Later Taiaroa decided that he would be a mediator for the groups in conflict there.
Synonyms: kaitakawaenga, takawaenga
4. (noun) referee, umpire.
He kaiwawao māraurau nei ia mō te tākaro tēnehi (TTR 2000:236). / He was a qualified umpire for the sport of tennis.
Synonyms: rewherī
whakangungu rākau
1. (noun) shield, protection, closely woven mat worn to defend from weapons, buckler.
E te whare o Arona, whakawhirinaki ki a Ihowa: ko ia tō rātou āwhina, tō rātou whakangungu rākau (PT Nga Waiata 115:10). / O house of Aaron, trust in the Lord: he is their help and their shield.
See also whakangungu
Synonyms: kahupeka, whakaruruhau, whakapuru tao, maru, ārai, pākai, hīra, pukupuku, ārei, amarara, hamarara, parahau, whakahau, kaikaro, pare, puapua, tiakanga, whakamaru, whakangungu, taumaru, whakahaumaru, pātūtū, taumarumaru, tiaki, tiakitanga, papare, waonga
ahikāroa
1. (noun) burning fires of occupation, long undisturbed occupation, continuous occupation - title to land through occupation by a group, generally over a long period of time. The group is able, through the use of whakapapa, to trace back to primary ancestors who lived on the land. They held influence over the land through their military strength and defended successfully against challenges, thereby keeping their fires burning.
Ko ētahi whenua e riro ana i runga i te ahikāroa, me to noho tūturu i runga i te whenua o ngā tīpuna, tae noa mai ki ōna uri, kāore te Kōti e āta rapa ana ki te tika rawa taua ahikaroa (TW 14/7/1877:296). / Some land being awarded according to ahikāroa and the permanent occupation of the land of the ancestors, right down to the descendants, the Court is not examining carefully enough as to whether that undisturbed occupation is actually correct.
See also ahikā
ahikā
1. (noun) burning fires of occupation, continuous occupation - title to land through occupation by a group, generally over a long period of time. The group is able, through the use of whakapapa, to trace back to primary ancestors who lived on the land. They held influence over the land through their military strength and defended successfully against challenges, thereby keeping their fires burning.
Hokihoki tonu ai ia ki tana ūkaipō kia mau tonu ai tana ahikā. / He kept returning to his birthplace so that his rights to the land were maintained.
ahi kā
1. (noun) burning fires of occupation, continuous occupation - title to land through occupation by a group, generally over a long period of time. The group is able, through the use of whakapapa, to trace back to primary ancestors who lived on the land. They held influence over the land through their military strength and defended successfully against challenges, thereby keeping their fires burning.
See also ahikāroa, ahikā, ahi-kā-roa
