oti
1. (particle) then, so, exactly, indeed - used in questions to add emphasis.
E kore oti koe e haere? / Will you not go then?
Ko te pātai pea kei te korokoro o ētahi, he aha oti i pīrangitia ai ēnei kupu e te Taura Whiri? (HM 1/1995:5). / Perhaps the question some have is, so why does the Māori Language Commission want these words?
2. (particle) then, so, exactly, indeed - occassionaly used to add emphasis to utterances other than questions.
Tēnā oti kia wawe te whakamōhio mai mēnā e maunu ana tētahi o koutou i te kaupapa nei (HJ 2015:113). / So if any of you are pulling out of this project, please let me know urgently.
3. (particle) but - used as a conjunction.
Ko te āhua o tērā tangata, ki te kōrero, kāore i nui, kāore i roa, oti he poto (NM 1928:174). / The appearance of that man, and according to accounts, he was not big or tall, but was short.
otirā
1. but, but indeed, but at the same time - a conjunction.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 124;)
Otirā ehara i te mea ko te pītiti anake, engari ko ngā āhua rākau katoa pēnā tonu tō rātou ritenga (TP 12/1905:7). / But it's not as if it is only peaches, but all sorts of trees that are treated in that way.
engaringari
1. but, but rather, on the contrary, on the other hand - a conjunction.
He hanga aroha te ngaronga o te iwi nōna te reo e mau iho nei. Engaringari anō tātou te iwi Māori kei te mau tō tātou tokomaha. Engari tō tātou reo tūturu o te Māoritanga kua tīmata tonu te ngaro haere ināianei (TTT 1/5/1922:12). / The disappearance of the people, whose language is retained below, is quite sad. In contrast we, the Māori people, are retaining our numbers, but our own language of Māori culture has started to disappear now.
Synonyms: anō, tonu, ehara, engari, koa, kāpā, otiia, manohi, erangi, ia, tēnā, tēnā ko tēnei
anake
1. (particle) only, none but, nothing but, alone, without exception, there is nothing, no one else, these people and no others, these things and no others - used to show that only certain members of a group and thus ruling out others, or to indicate that only one type of thing is present. In the phrase, it comes after manner, directional and locative particles, if any are present.
Ko māua anake ko taku tuahine kei te ora. / Only my sister and I are still alive.
E kī ana taku karangarua, a Kemureti, e toru tekau mā waru ngā tāngata i runga, he tāne anake (HP 19918). / My relation, Kemureti, says that thirty-eight people were on it, only men.
2. (interjection) on the other hand, rather, on the contrary.
Tēnā, i pai rānei a Ihu i tōna kitenga i a rātou? Kāhore, engari i āritarita ia ki a rātou (KO 15/10/1883:15). / Well, was Jesus pleased when he saw them? No, on the contrary, he was annoyed with them.
Synonyms: anō, koa, kāpā, otiia, manohi, erangi, ia, tēnā, tēnā ko tēnei, engaringari
3. (interjection) on the contrary - used to negate a negative question or sentence. It may be followed by tonu.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 110;)
Kāore ōu hū? Engari tonu! He hū anō ōku. / Don't you have any shoes? On the contrary! I do have some shoes.
See also engari (tonu)
Synonyms: anō, tonu, ehara, engaringari
2. (determiner) each, every - when repeated, or repeated with its phrase.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 90-91;)
Mā tēnā, mā tēnā o koutou tāna ake teka e whiu atu. / Each of you will throw her own dart.
See also tēnaka
3. (determiner) but, on the other hand, but as for - used as a conjunction.
He rawe tēnā pukapuka; tēnā ko tēnei, e hoa, me whiu ki waho. / That book is excellent; but as for this one, mate, it should be discarded.
Synonyms: engaringari, koa, kāpā, otiia, manohi, engari, erangi, ia, tēnā ko tēnei
anahe
1. (particle) only, none but, nothing but, alone, without exception, there is nothing, no one else, these people and no others, these things and no others - used to show that only certain members of a group and thus ruling out others, or to indicate that only one type of thing is present. In the phrase, it comes after manner, directional and locative particles, if any are present. Tainui dialectal variation of anake.
Ko te Pākehā anahe anō kei te hanga ture, a te ture whiu iho i ana Māori, hari noa atu ki te herehere (TMP 16/12/1895:4). / The Pākehā alone are making laws and the law is punishing Māori, dispatching them to prison.
nahe
1. (particle) only, none but, nothing but, alone, without exception, there is nothing, no one else, these people or things and no others - used to show that the phrase it follows names all the entities referred to. In the phrase, it comes after manner, directional and locative particles, if any are present. Shortened form of anahe.
I pōtitia nei māua e ō māua hapū me ngā kōrero i kōrerotia e au i taua hui nei, nō roto nahe i ngā pire, nō roto nahe hoki i ngā pukapuka i kapea iho e au i ngā whaikorero o tō tātou Pāremata (HTK 23/9/1893:5). / We were elected by our subtribes and the statements made by me at that meeting were only those in the bills, and only in the reports I copied in the speeches of our parliament.
See also anahe
2. (modifier) youngest child, youngest child but one.
I te matenga atu o Rātana i taua tau anō, i moea ake e Iriaka a Matiu Tahupōtiki Wiremu Rātana, tētehi o ngā tama tāmanga a te Māngai rāua ko Te Urumanaao (TTR 2000:174). / After Ratana’s death that year, Iriaka married Matiu Tahupōtiki Wiremu Rātana, a younger son of the Māngai and Te Urumanaao.
3. (noun) childhood.
Mai i tōna tāmanga i waitohua ia e ōna tīpuna hei kaiārahi mā rātou me tā rātou tohutohu i a ia, ahakoa tana whiwhi i te mātauranga Pākehā, me āta whakaako anō ia ki ngā tikanga Māori me te whakapapa (TTR 2000:68). / From childhood he was marked by his elders as a leader and was told that, as well as receiving a Pākehā education, he had to be trained in Māori customs and whakapapa.
manohi
1. on the other hand, but on the other hand, alternatively, then again - a conjunction that is often followed by anō.
Manohi anō ngā atua ririki, ngā atua kahurakiraki nei (TTT 1/8/1923:6). / On the other hand are the minor atua, the unreliable atua.
E kore a muri i a rātau e koroutia mai anō; manohi anō he whārangi rau angiangi tā tēnei whakareanga hei rauhī ki roto i te pūtea whakanakonako, hei pupuri mai i te taonga i korou nuitia e nehe mā (JPS 1929:257). / Our old-time knowledge is no longer desired, and on the other hand this generation possesses but scant knowledge to preserve as a means of conserving the lore so prized by the ancients.
Synonyms: engaringari, koa, kāpā, otiia, engari, erangi, ia, tēnā, tēnā ko tēnei
kāpātau
1. if, but if - a conjunction.
He toki ōnewa, hāpūpū mārire; kāpātau he mata toki pounamu, e tū te tātai o te whakairo (W 1971:36). / An adze of granite becomes quite blunt; but with a cutting edge of greenstone the carving is adorned. (A whakataukī suggesting that a talented person with the right tools for the job will succeed where a person lacking the appropriate skills and tools will not.)
koa
1. (particle) please - implies entreaty and is used with requests to soften them and to make them more polite.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 63, 111;)
Homai koa te miraka. / Pass the milk, please.
E hoa, kau mai koa ki konei nā (NM 1928:101). / My friend, swim over here, please.
See also tēnā koa, me aha koa, hei aha koa, nei koa
Synonyms: tēnā koa, whakawaireka
2. (particle) indeed, in fact, really - used to intensify and add emphasis.
3. (particle) but, however,on the other hand, despite that.
I māmingahia e ngā kaihokohoko, riro ana ngā whenua hei utu i ngā nama. Ehara koa, i ū tonu tana tautoko i te Pākehā (TTR 1990:285). / They were tricked by the traders and the lands were taken to pay the debts. despite that, his support of the Pākehā continued.
Synonyms: kāpā, otiia, manohi, engari, erangi, ia, tēnā, engaringari, tēnā ko tēnei
tēnā ko tēnei
1. on the other hand, then again, but in this case.
Tōna ritenga mō te kaipuke rere mai i Ingarani kia whā marama i te moana ka tae mai ki uta nei. Tēnā ko tēnei tōtahi ka ono marama o taua puke i te moana e ngaro ana; pāwera ana ngā Pākehā o konei koi tahuri (TWM 9/7/1864:2). / The expectation for ships sailing here from England is that they will be four months at sea before they reach land here. But in this particular case that ship has been six months missing at sea and the Pākehā here are concerned that it might have capsized.
Synonyms: engaringari, koa, kāpā, otiia, manohi, engari, erangi, ia, tēnā
mate ana
1. no choice but to - an idiom used to indicate that circumtances forced someone to do something they didn't really want to do.
Karangatia ana he hui korero Māori engari mate ana te tangata ki te korero Pākehā i te tokomaha rawa o te hunga i puta ake korekore ana nei he kupu Māori kotahi nei. / A meeting to speak Māori was called, but one had no choice but to speak English because so many of the group who turned up couldn't speak a word of Māori.
kāore, āe
1. but no, wrong, not so - an idiom used by the speaker to suggest that he/she was wrong in the first instance, or was mistaken.
Ka kī mai te Kāwanatanga nō te iwi Māori tonu te whenua e tū mai rā te hōhipera. Kāore, āe. Kua hokona kētia e te pōkokohua rā. / The Government said that the land where the hospital is located belongs to the Māori people. But no. It had already been bought by that bugger.
Synonyms: engari anō [tēnā]
kē
1. (particle) already, long ago, instead, but rather, actually, different, other, another, alternative, at a different time, other than was expected, in a different direction, strange, odd, extraordinary, in a different place, beforehand, afterwards, for another purpose, really, truly - a manner particle that indicates difference or unexpectedness. Follows immediately after the word it qualifies. The verb it follows is often preceded by kua. Where kē follows a verb in the passive it will take a passive ending also, usually -tia. In this situation the passive ending may be dropped from the verb, but not from kē. As with other manner particles in Māori, while having a general overall meaning, kē can be translated in a variety of ways, depending on the context.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 120; Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 44, 91-92;)
Kua waiata kē tōu hoa. / Your friend has already sung.
Kua iriiria kētia a Hēmi hei Mihingare, engari hei mihi māna ki a Edith i whai kē ia i te Hāhi Perehipitīriana (TTR 2000:159). / Hēmi had been baptised an Anglican, but to honour Edith he joined the Presbyterian Church.
Kāore i puritia e te wahine mahue tētahi whakaahua kotahi nei o tana tāne - whiua kētia katoatia ana ki te rāpihi (HJ 2015:24). / The abandoned wife did not hold on to a single photograph of her husband - instead she threw them all into the rubbish.
Kāore he aha ki a au mēnā ka tirohia taku whaea e tōna ake tākuta, he tākuta kē rawa atu rānei. Ko te mea nui, kia tirohia ia i te rangi tonu nei (HJ 2015:25). / It doesn't matter to me whether my mother is seen by her own doctor, or a completely different doctor. The important thing is that she is seen this very day.
Synonyms: tāukiuki, noa atu, whāioio, neha, noa mai, aua atu (rā), noa ake, whanokē, atu, anō, ērā atu, kē atu, koia, koia, tinana, koa, katoa, rawa, i neki, inā, tonu, ata, rā anō, rā pea, rānō, mārie, mārika, mārire, ia rā, tino
atu
1. (particle) away - indicates direction away from speaker, or from the person (or thing) who is the focus of the utterance. Also indicates onwards following verbs of motion. Like the other three directional particles, mai, iho and ake, it always follows manner particles (i.e. kau, kē, noa, rawa and tonu) if they are present in the phrase.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 27, 120;)
Tīkina atu he tūru mōku! / Fetch me a chair, please!
Titiro tonu atu ana ōna kaumātua ki te whakamahi i ōna kaha ki te kōrero, me tōna pai ki te whakatau i ngā whakahaere i waenga i a ia me ngā āpiha Pākehā a te kāwanatanga. (TTR 1994:73). / His elders were continually observing his ability in speaking and dealing successfully with the Pākehā officials of the government.
2. (particle) away, in a direction away - used with verbs which designate perception or attitude.
Kātahi au ka titiro i taku ringaringa, ka kite au e heke ana te toto. Ngoikore tonu atu au. / Then I looked at my hand and saw that it was bleeding. I became quite faint.
3. (particle) other, others, next but one, before last, beyond that - when used following tērā and ērā in time expressions. When speaking of future events, atu is used to indicate a time further into the future than that just referred to or about to be referred to.
Ā tērā atu wiki haere ai mātou ki Heretaunga. / The week after next we travel to Hastings.
Kei Tāmaki-makau-rau rāua i te rā nei. Hei tētahi rangi atu, ka tae ki Te Kauwhata. E rua rangi atu, kei Rotorua. / They are in Auckland today. The next day they arrive in Te Kauwhata. They're in Rotorua in two days time.
4. (particle) Used when comparing things. This includes iti, although it may often be followed by iho.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 101;)
He roa atu te whiore o te kau i tō te poaka. / A cow's tail is longer than that of a pig.
He iti atu te kapa kotahi ki te pereiti mā ngā minita, i te rau pauna a te tangata hei ako i tana tamaiti i ngā kāreti nunui (TKO 30/4/1920:9). / One penny in the plate for the ministers is smaller than a person's hundred pounds to teach his child in the large colleges.
5. (particle) Used with a verb repeated with mai to indicate reciprocal action.
Tū atu ana, tū mai ana rāua i tētahi taha o te awakeri. / They stood facing each other beside the ditch.
6. (particle) further - used to emphasise distance.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 45;)
Kei tua atu ia i a Hine. / She is beyond Hine.
Te āhua nei kei waho iti atu o Kaiwaka tō rātou tawhiti ki waho (JPS 1957:230). / It would seem that their position was a little further out from Kaiwaka.
7. (particle) other, another, some other, someone else - especially in the phrase tētahi atu.
Homai tētahi atu pune! / Pass me another spoon, please.
Tokowhā ngā kaiako, ā, i tēnei tau kua whiwhi te kura i tētahi atu. / There were four teachers and this year the school has another one.
8. (particle) including - when referring to different kinds of people or things using nouns followed by atu but without a determiner.
(Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 97;)
I hīkoi atu te tira ki Maungapōhatu, koroua atu, kuia atu, pakeke atu, tamariki atu. / The travelling party walked to Maungapōhatu, including elderly men, elderly women, adults and children.
9. (particle) Used in time expressions, seemingly for emphasis.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 121;)
Nō mua atu tēnei aituā i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. / This disaster was before the First World War.
10. (particle) apart from, other than, aside from, other, others - followed by i. Also used to indicate things that are additional to those already mentioned.
Atu i a koe, kārekau aku hoa. / Apart from you, I have no friends.
E whā i mate, e waru atu i taotū. / Four died and eight were wounded.
erangi
1. (particle) but, on the other hand - variation of engari.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 110;)
Ko te mahi a te Māori he noho, he mahi i roto i te ao Pākehā, erangi ki te haere ia ki tētehi tangihanga, hui rānei, e hoki hāngai pū tonu ana ki āna tikanga, whakakaha ake ai i tana taha Māori (TTR 1996:49). / Māori live and work in the Pākehā world, but a Māori returning to a tangihanga or hui, returns right back into the middle of his customary practices, thus reinforcing his Māori identity.
See also engari
Synonyms: engaringari, koa, kāpā, otiia, manohi, engari, ia, tēnā, tēnā ko tēnei
heoi
1. (interjection) there are no more, there are no other, well, these are all - often followed by anō. Denotes completeness or sufficiency of a statement or listing.
Heoi anō ngā tohunga nāna i hanga ngā waka (NM 1928:59). / These are all the experts who built the canoes.
See also heoi anō
2. (interjection) accordingly, as a result, and so, so then, and so it turned out, whereupon - implying that what follows is the result of what has just been stated.
3. (interjection) but, however - often heoi anō. Denotes completeness or sufficiency of a statement or listing.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 128;)
Heoi anō, nā te hiahia tonu o Timi Kara ki te puri i ngā whakahaere, ka tohua e ia he tiamana ki ngā poari e popore ana ki te rīhi (TTR 1994:13). / However, because of James Carroll's desire to hold onto control, he appointed chairmen to the boards who favoured leasing.
Kāore he kīngi ō tēnei iwi, heoi anō ko te perehitana (TP 1/10/1901:2). / This nation does not have a king, but a president.
See also heoi anō
