Ingarihi
1. (loan) (modifier) English.
Kua tukua mai te moutere i Haipirihi e te iwi Tāke, hei nohoanga mō te iwi Ingarihi, ā kua noho te ope hōia a te Kuīni o Ingarangi i taua moutere (TW 20/7/1878:360). / The island of Cyprus has been given over by Turkey as a possession of the English people and a group of soldiers of the Queen of England has been stationed on that island.
2. (loan) (noun) English, Englishman.
He koroa te pare o te Airihi, he kōtimana anō tō te Kōtimana, he rōhi tō te Ingarihi, he huia tō te Māori (TP 4/1900:11). / The shamrock is the emblem of the Irish, the thistle for the Scots, the rose for the English and the huia feather for the Māori.
2. (verb) (-tia) to become Pākehā culturally, assimilate into a Pākehā lifestyle, assimilate into a European lifestyle.
Kāhore ō rātou hiahia ki te whakapākehā i te Māori, engari me pupuri ngā tikanga pai a te Māori, ko ngā tikanga kino me ruke (HKW 1/1/1901:3). / They did not want to assimilate the Māori into Pākehā culture, but the good customs of the Māori should be retained, while the bad ones should be discarded.
See also Pākehā
3. (modifier) translating into English.
Oti atu hoki i a Pei te mahi whakapākehā, me te mahi ētita hoki, i ngā whakaputanga hou o ngā wāhanga e toru o 'Ngā Mōteatea' (TTR 1998:72). / Pei completed the translating into English and the editing of the new edition of parthree of 'Ngā Mōteatea'.
4. (noun) assimilation into Pākehā culture, assimilation into a Pākehā lifestyle.
Nā tana whakapākehā i a ia, kua kaha rawa tōna hiahia ki ngā taonga o tāwāhi, koirā ka mau tonu ia ki te hoko whenua (TTR 1990:180). / His assimilation into a Pākehā lifestyle had strengthened his desire for imported goods, and that's why he continued selling land.
See also Pākehā
5. (noun) translation into English.
I te nuinga o te wā, iti kē ake te whakapākehā ā-kupu a Pei i āna mahi, i wā Ngata (TTR 1998:72). / In general Pei's translations into English are less literal than those of Ngata.
whakapākehā ā-tuhi
1. (noun) written translation into English.
E toru ngā wāhanga o te whakamātautau taha tuhituhi: whakamāori ā-tuhi, whakapākehā ā-tuhi, he tuhinga roa: (i) whakamāori ā-tuhi: ka hoatu ētahi tuhinga kōrero Pākehā ki a koe, ko tāu he whakamāori mai ā-tuhi. (ii) whakapākehā ā-tuhi: ka hoatu ētahi tuhinga kōrero Māori ki a koe, ko tāu he whakapākehā mai ā-tuhi (HM 2/1995:10). / There are three sections in the written examination: written translation into Māori, written translation into English, and an essay: (i) written translation into Māori: some writing in English will be given to you and what you have to do is translate it into Māori. (ii) written translation into English: some writing in Māori will be given to you and what you have to do is translate it into English.
Hongere Ingarihi, Te
1. (loan) (noun) English Channel - the sea separating southern England from northern France.
Uru ana ngā whenua katoa e takoto ana ki te hauāuru o ngā Hakihona o te Tonga me ngā whenua i te awa o te Temu tae noa ki te moana i karangatia ko Te Hongere Ingirihi (KO 15/10/1887:6). / It encompassed all the lands lying to the west of the South Saxons and the lands from the River Thames right to the ocean called the English Channel.
2. (modifier) English, foreign, European, exotic - introduced from or originating in a foreign country.
E ai ki tā Te Hōtereni, kua tū Pākehā, kua tino matatau ki te reo Pākehā (TTR 1990:106). / According to Edward Shortland, he had become European and very proficient in the English language.
3. (noun) New Zealander of European descent - probably originally applied to English-speaking Europeans living in Aotearoa/New Zealand. According to Mohi Tūrei, an acknowledged expert in Ngāti Porou tribal lore, the term is a shortened form of pakepakehā, which was a Māori rendition of a word or words remembered from a chant used in a very early visit by foreign sailors for raising their anchor (TP 1/1911:5). Others claim that pakepakehā was another name for tūrehu or patupairehe. Despite the claims of some non-Māori speakers, the term does not normally have negative connotations.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 128-138;)
Te rongonga o te Māori i te reo kihi, hoihoi, o Kāpene Kuki rātou ko ōna hōia ka kīia e te Māori he Pakepakehā, ka whakapotoa nei ki te Pākehā. Nā te Māori tēnei ingoa i hua e mau nei anō (TP 1/1911:5). / When the Māori heard the soft and loud sounds of the language of Captain Cook and his sailors the Māori called them 'Pakepakehā', which was shortened to 'Pākehā'. The Māori created this name, which is still used.
I tētahi whawhaitanga i muri mai, ka riro tētahi o ngā pū repo a te Pākehā i te Māori, nō muri mai ka tuomakia mai e tētahi Pākehā nō Amerika, he kaupoai (TP 7/1900:8). / In a later fight, one of the cannons of the Pākehā was taken by the Māori, and later on, a Pākehā from America, a cowboy, came hurrying up.
4. (noun) foreigner, alien.
Otirā ko ā te Pākehā rākau anake e ngahoro ana ngā rau, heoi anō tā te Māori rākau i rite ki ā te Pākehā ko te kōtukutuku, arā ko te kōnini (TP 9/1903:1). / But only exotic trees are deciduous, however the native tree that is like exotic trees is the kōtukutuku (tree fuchsia), also called the kōnini.
kai a te ahi
1. (interjection) bugger - a strong curse indicating anger or hatred towards someone or something equivalent to strong expletives in English. The strength of emotions usually associated with the use of the Māori words is not conveyed in a literal translation in English. However, the strength of the phrase depends on the ferocity of the delivery by the speaker.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 106; Te Pihinga Audio Tapes/CDs (Ed. 2): exercise 40;)
Pōkokohua kai a te ahi! E kī, e kī ka haere koe ki reira raweke ai i te tāne a tētahi atu. Ka whakamā te uwha kurī i a koe! (HKK 1999:91). / What a bitch! Well, well, you went there to have it off with someone else's husband. A female dog would be ashamed of you!
2. (noun) so-and-so, bugger.
Rangi: He tino kino ngā kōrero a Hone mōu. Pare: Hei aha māku ngā kōrero a tēnā kai a te ahi? (HKK 1999:91). / Rangi: It's terrible what Hone says about you. Pare: What do I care what that bugger says?
kai a te kurī
1. (interjection) bugger - a strong curse indicating anger or hatred towards someone or something equivalent to strong expletives in English. The strength of emotions usually associated with the use of the Māori words is not conveyed with a literal translation in the English. However, the strength of the phrase depends on the ferocity of the delivery by the speaker.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 106; Te Pihinga Audio Tapes/CDs (Ed. 2): exercise 40;)
Pōkokohua kai a te kurī! Ka kīia atu me mutu te taraiwa haurangi, auare ake. Nā kua mate i a koe taku mokopuna. Kia mate atu ko koe! (HKK 1999:92). / You bastard! You were told that you must stop driving drunk, but you didn't listen. Now you've killed my grandchild. You should have died!
2. (modifier) damn, damnable, vile.
Kua mōhiotia nuitia te kino, kino, kino rawa o te tupeka, koia i whakaarahia ai e te Runanga Ruānuku o te Kuīni ngā ture hei patu i tērā taru kai a te kuri (KO 15/7/1884:7). / It is generally known how extremely bad tobacco is and that's why the laws have been raised by the Privy Council to destroy that damn weed.
3. (noun) so-and-so.
Ka kore anō e aro i tērā kai a te kurī, nō reira kaua rawa atu māna te kī mai me aha. / That 'so and so' doesn't have a clue, so no way should he be telling us what to do.
Pare: E kī ana a Te Rerenga he koretake rawa atu tō tātou kōhanga reo. Rangi: Ka kore anō tēnā kai a te kurī e mōhio (HKK 1999:92). / Pare: Te Rerenga says that our Kōhanga Reo is absolutely useless. Rangi: That bastard wouldn't know.
pōkokohua
1. (verb) (-tia) to curse, cuss.
Kia kī te puku i te waipiro, tino kino te kangakanga ki te tangata, ka pōkokohuatia e ia ahakoa ko wai (EM 2002:19). / When he had a stomach full of alcohol he was terrible at swearing and cursing people, no matter who they were.
See also pokokōhua
2. (interjection) very strong curse, an insulting swear word, an expression of anger or a curse expressing a lack of desire to do something. The strength of emotions usually associated with the use of the Māori word is not conveyed in a literal translation (i.e. boiled head) in the English. Because the head is tapu in traditional Māori society, to boil it would have been the ultimate insult. However, the strength of the word depends on the ferocity of the delivery by the speaker.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 106; Te Pihinga Audio Tapes/CDs (Ed. 2): exercise 40;)
Ka tīwaha mai tētahi o ngā koroua o Tāwhaki, "Pōkokohua mā, me mutu ēnā mahi kōhuru." (TWK 1:31). / One of Tāwhaki's granduncles called out, "You buggers, stop those illegal activities."
3. (noun) strong term expressing contempt for someone.
Ka titiro a Tio ki a ia, ki ētahi hoki o ōna hoa, me te whakaaro. "Kua raru mātau i te pōkokohua rā, i a Heramia." (TWK 28:17) / Joe looked at him and to some of his companions and expressed his opinion, "We've been done in by that bugger, Heramia."
2. (interjection) a very strong curse, an insulting swear word, an expression of anger or a curse expressing a lack of desire to do something. The strength of emotions usually associated with the use of the Māori word is not conveyed in a literal translation (i.e. boiled head) in the English. Because the head is tapu in traditional Māori society, to boil it would have been the ultimate insult. However, the strength of the word depends on the ferocity of the delivery by the speaker.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 106; Te Pihinga Audio Tapes/CDs (Ed. 2): exercise 40;)
See also pōkokohua
poroporoaki
1. (verb) (-tia) to take leave of, farewell, traditional call given by women as they approach the marae.
I te pō, ka tū a Kihi rātau ko tōna whānau ki te poroporoaki ki a mātau, ki ngā mea e hoki ana ki te tiki mai i ā rātau wāhine, me ō rātou hūnuku katoa (TTT 1/3/1930:2003). / That night Kihi and his family stood to farewell us, the ones returning to fetch their wives and all their family dependants.
2. (noun) eulogy, panegyric, leave taking - eulogies, or farewell speeches to the dead, contain beautiful language and express people’s grief. Metaphoric language and allusions to the tribal connections, geographic places of significance, traditional places that the spirits of the dead are believed to travel to, and the status and work of the deceased, are a feature of poroporoaki. For these reasons they are difficult to translate so that the full meaning is expressed in English. Poroporoaki address the person as though alive, as the belief is that the wairua (spirit) remains with the body for a time before burial.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 205-208;)
He kōrero anō āna i tukua ki 'Te Ao Hou', ko tētahi i te tau 1959 he poroporoaki ki te ariki nei o Tūhoe, ki a Takurua Tamarau, ka mate nei ia (TTR 1998:147). / Another of his contributions to the magazine 'Te Ao Hou', was an eloquent tribute in 1959 to the Tūhoe paramount chief, Takurua Tamarau, following his death.
Rangihau, John Te Rangiāniwaniwa
1. (personal name) (1919-1987) Tūhoe; charismatic leader, academic, social welfare officer, gifted speaker in Māori and English and authority on Māori language and custom. Fought with the 28th New Zealand (Māori) Battalion in World War II. Completed a diploma in social science at Victoria University of Wellington. Awarded the British Empire Medal in 1975 for services to Māori. Worked at The University of Waikato in the Centre for Māori Studies and Research (1973-1982) and as an advisor for the Māori Affairs Department from 1982.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 82-88;)
Tenehana
1. (loan) (personal name) Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892) English poet.
Pēne Mete, kaiwhakahaere whare, Tenehana Tiriti, Nēpia (TW 28/8/1875:183). / Ben Smith, architect, Tennyson Street, Napier.
See also Tenetini
hakeka
1. (noun) ear fungus, cloud ear fungus, Auricularia polytricha - a thin, fleshy, ear-like growth, shiny dark brown on one side and dull whitish grey on the other. Common on both live and dead trunks of broad-leaved forest trees, particularly on māhoe, karaka and houhere.
He tuku kāpia kauri, hakeka nei tana mahi ki tāwāhi (TTR 2000:39). / She exported kauri gum and ear fungus.
See also hakeke
2. (noun) mountain holly, Māori holly, Olearia ilicifolia - a shrub with long, pointed, stiff, leathery leaves and wavy, sharply toothed edges, hence the English names. During spring the bush is covered in clusters of white daisies. Found from East Cape to Stewart Island.
See also hakeke
Synonyms: kōtaratara, haki, wharangi kura, hakeke, arorangi
haki
1. (noun) mountain holly, Māori holly, Olearia ilicifolia - a shrub with long, pointed, stiff, leathery leaves and wavy, sharply toothed edges, hence the English names. During spring the bush is covered in clusters of white daisies. Found from East Cape to Stewart Island.
See also hakeke
Synonyms: kōtaratara, hakeka, wharangi kura, hakeke, arorangi
kōtaratara
1. (modifier) prickly, thorny.
Kia tūpato i ngā rau kōtaratara nei kei kei werohia koe. / Be careful of these prickly leaves in case you're jabbed.
See also taratara
Synonyms: matara, taratara, tiotio, tuatete, mākinakina, korotiotio, pūtiotio
2. (modifier) piercing, keen, biting.
Synonyms: tūkari, ngākau whakapuke, kaikaha, kama, mōhukihuki, rikarika, kamakama, ihupuku, matangareka, kōkeko, hīkaka, ngākau whiwhita, takawhita, ngākaunui, werowero, wero, tīwharawhara, pākinakina
3. (noun) mountain holly, Māori holly, Olearia ilicifolia - a shrub with long, pointed, stiff, leathery leaves and wavy, sharply toothed edges, hence the English names. During spring the bush is covered in clusters of white daisies. Found from East Cape to Stewart Island.
4. (noun) haka of triumph, dance of triumph, victory dance.
Ko ngā mano Tūru kua heke mai ki tētahi tarawāhi o te awa, ki te tū i tō rātou kōtaratara whawhai (THM 1/4/1886:2). / Thousands of Zulus descended to one side of the river to perform their victory war dance.
2. (noun) you idiot, what a fool, what a moron, what a blockhead - a term of criticism with numerous equivalents in English.
upokokōhua
1. (interjection) very strong curse, an insulting swear word, an expression of anger or a curse expressing a lack of desire to do something. The strength of emotions usually associated with the use of the Māori word is not conveyed in a literal translation (i.e. boiled head) in the English. Because the head is tapu in traditional Māori society, to boil it would have been the ultimate insult. However, the strength of the word depends on the ferocity of the delivery by the speaker.
kino kē atu tana auau i tana ngau
1. their bark is worse than their bite - an expression adopted from English to indicate that someone isn’t as frightening as they seem.
Otirā, ko te kupu tika mō Te Wīremu, ko te kupu a te Pākehā, “Kino kē atu tana auau i tana ngau,” arā, he whakatuma kau kāhore he kino o roto (TP 4/1907:2). However, what is correct about Rev. Williams is what the Europeans say, “His bark is worse than his bite,” in other words, his threats are harmless. /
oatemāka
1. (loan) overstep the mark, over the top, gone too far, out the gate - an idiom adopted from English to indicate that one’s comments or behaviour is unacceptable. Sometimes written as three words, oa te māka.
Oatemāka ngā kōrero a Timi inapō. / Timi’s comments lastnight overstepped the mark.
Synonyms: tuwhene
