2. (modifier) midwifery, giving birth, childbirth.
Hai ēnei wā kua akona a ia ki ngā tikanga mahi rongoā, tikanga whakawhānau tamariki me ētahi atu tikanga he mea whakahau e ngā tohunga o Maungapōhatu (TTR 2000:246). / At these times he was taught how to make medicine and to perform midwifery and other activities that the tohunga of Maungapōhatu dictated.
3. (noun) labour (birth), giving birth, childbirth.
Ka uaua nei te whakawhānau a te wahine i te tamaiti, haria tonutia atu ana ki a Te Pairi (TTR 1996:219). / When a woman had difficulty giving birth she would be taken straight to Te Pairi.
takapau wharanui
1. (noun) wide sleeping mat, chiefly marriage bed, birth in lawful wedlock - a metaphor for a birth having taken place as a result of a communally recognised marriage.
Mā Kahutia-te-rangi, mā te tangata i moea ki runga i te takapau wharanui (W 1971:204). / It is for Kahutia-te-rangi, the man who was born in lawful wedlock.
rangatiratanga
1. (noun) chieftainship, right to exercise authority, chiefly autonomy, chiefly authority, ownership, leadership of a social group, domain of the rangatira, noble birth, attributes of a chief.
Kai whea tō rangatiratanga, tō ihi, tō mana, tō marutuna, tō maruwehi? (TPH 30/3/1900:2). / Where is your chiefly autonomy, your personal magnetism, your commanding presence, your inspiration?
2. (noun) kingdom, realm, sovereignty, principality, self-determination, self-management - connotations extending the original meaning of the word resulting from Bible and Treaty of Waitangi translations.
Anō te whakauaua o te tapoko o te hunga taonga ki te rangatiratanga o te Atua! (PT Maka 10:23). / How hardly shall they that have riches enter into the kingdom of God!
Synonyms: kīngitanga, tino rangatiratanga, mana motuhake, motuhaketanga
whare kōwhanga
1. (noun) building erected for childbirth, birthing house.
Ko te ahi me tupopoto anake, he mea takai ki te aka, ā kia takoto te papakiri mata o te kahikatea hei taupoki mō te ahi tupopoto ina hiahiatia kia māhaki te mahana o roto o taua whare kōwhanga (JPS 1929:258). / Only the 'tupopoto' form of fire was used, being bound with vines, and a piece of green white pine bark lay handy to be used as a cover for the 'tupopoto' fire when it was desired that the warmth within that birthing house be lessened.
whanawhanau
1. (verb) (-a) to be born, be produced - implies a number of births.
E kīia ana ngā kōrero mō tana wahine tuatoru, mō Ākenehi Pātoka, 13 ngā tamariki i whanawhanaua e ia, engari tokorua noa iho e ora ana i te matenga o Tomoana (TTR 1994:189). / It was said that he had 13 children with his third wife, Agnes Pātoka, but only two were alive when Tomoana died.
2. (noun) having children, giving birth.
Karekau tonu i mutu te whanawhanau a tō mātau whāea (EM 2002:64). / Our mother had not stopped having children.
whakaoriori
1. (noun) lullaby, song composed on the birth of a chiefly child about his/her ancestry and tribal history.
He tohunga hoki te whakatakotoranga i ngā kupu, hei whakaatu i tō Ngāti Porou reo, i te āta kōwhiri o te kupu e rite ana mō tēnā mea, mō tēnā mea. He tohunga hoki te whakatakinga i te haere mā te tamaiti, mōna te whakaoriori (M 2006:40). / The choice of words is outstanding, presenting the Ngāti Porou dialect, and the appropriate word for each meaning has been carefully selected. It also gives outstanding guidance to the child for whom the lullaby was composed.
2. (modifier) single birth.
'Kōtuku reretahi.' Tōna ritenga he tangata putanga kotahi (TP 7/1911:9). / 'White heron of single birth.' It is a comparison to a person of single birth.
3. (noun) harmony.
Ko te reretahi te noho kotahi mai o ētahi āhuatanga hoahoa ki te mahinga toi ataata, kia tino kitea ai ngā hononga rerehua o tētahi āhuatanga ki tētahi (RTA 2014:152). / Harmony is the combining of design elements within a piece of visual art so that the aesthetic similarities of the parts are emphasised (RTA 204:152).
4. (noun) coordination.
E tino kitea ana te reretahi o ōna ringaringa, o ōna waewae, otirā o āna nekeneke katoa (RMR 2017). / The coordination of her arms and legs, and all her movements can be seen clearly.
tūtūā
1. (verb) to be low-born.
Kore rawa ia i whakaae ki te kohikohi kōrero mā Waiti mō te mākutu; he mea tūtūā ka tahi, ka rua kei kitea tōna kūaretanga (TTR 1994:117). / He refused to collect information for White about mākutu, firstly because this would be a lowly thing to do, and secondly would also reveal his own ignorance.
2. (modifier) disrespectful, lowly, mean, low-born.
Kātahi te mahi tūtūā ko tā koutou, ki te whakapononga i ēnei tāngata i paea mai nei e te marangai ki ō koutou tatau. Mehemea i riro mai i a koutou i runga i te rau o te patu kātahi ka tika tā koutou mahi, tēnā ko tēnei he mahi tūtūā tā koutou mahi kāore e tika mā ngā rangatira (TP 4/1912:1). / What a disrespectful thing to do, to treat as slaves these people who have been cast ashore by the storm at your doors. If you had taken them in battle then what you did would be legitimate, but what you have done is a lowly thing to do and not appropriate for the nobly born.
Synonyms: poroteke, ngākau pāpaku, atuapo, mahimahi, ware, matamau, matapiko, kaihākere, hākere
3. (noun) person of low birth, commoner, ordinary person.
Engari kāore tōna iwi i whakaae kia mahia e te rangatira ngā mahi a te tūtūā, ka tonoa kia mutu (TTR 1994:171). / But his people did not agree that the work of an ordinary person should be done by a chief and he was asked to desist.
2. (noun) extended family, family group, a familiar term of address to a number of people - the primary economic unit of traditional Māori society. In the modern context the term is sometimes used to include friends who may not have any kinship ties to other members.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 3; Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 52-54;)
E ai ki te kōrero a te whānau, kāre i iti iho i te tokoiwa ngā wāhine, tokorua ngā tāne (TTR 1996:100). / According to family information, there were no fewer than nine girls and two boys.
whānau poka
1. (noun) Caesarean birth, Caesarean section.
Ki te kore e taea e te wahine tana pēpi te pana ki waho, ka pokaina te puku o te wahine, mā konei e tangohia ai tana pēpi. Ka kīia tēnei ko te whānau poka (RP 2009:453). / If a woman isn't able to push out her baby, the abdomen of the woman is cut open and her baby is delivered this way. This is said to be a Caesarian section.
tapu
1. (stative) be sacred, prohibited, restricted, set apart, forbidden, under atua protection - see definition 4 for further explanations.
I taua wā ko Te Riri anake te tangata o Ngāti Hine e kaha ana ki te noho i aua whenua. Ko te mea hoki e tapu katoa ana te whaitua nei, pokapoka katoa ana ngā hiwi i ngā rua tūpāpaku (TTR 1998:82). / At that time Te Riri was the only person of Ngāti Hine who wanted to live on the property, because the area was tapu and the surrounding hills were riddled with burial caves.
Synonyms: whakaihi, rohe, kura, whakatapu, puaroa, taparere, apiapi, rāhui, kōpiri, ārikarika
2. (modifier) sacred, prohibited, restricted, set apart, forbidden, under atua protection - see definition 4 for further explanations.
Kei te maumahara tonu ngā uri o Te Whiti ki te tūruapō, arā, te maunga tapu kei te tonga, kei tōna ātārangi he rākau, e pae rua ake ana i tōna peka ngā manu mōhio a Mumuhau rāua ko Takeretō (TTR 1994:172). / It is remembered by Te Whiti's descendants, namely that there is a sacred mountain to the south and in its shadow there is a tree with a branch and on this branch are two birds of knowledge, Mumuhau and Takaretō.
3. (modifier) holy - an adaptation of the original meaning for the Christian concept of holiness and sanctity.
Otiia hei minita anō rātou i roto i tōku wāhi tapu, hei tiaki i ngā kūwaha o te whare, hei minita ki te whare (PT Ehekiera 44:11). / Yet they shall be ministers in my sanctuary, having charge at the gates of the house, and ministering to the house.
4. (noun) restriction, prohibition - a supernatural condition. A person, place or thing is dedicated to an atua and is thus removed from the sphere of the profane and put into the sphere of the sacred. It is untouchable, no longer to be put to common use. The violation of tapu would result in retribution, sometimes including the death of the violator and others involved directly or indirectly. Appropriate karakia and ceremonies could mitigate these effects. Tapu was used as a way to control how people behaved towards each other and the environment, placing restrictions upon society to ensure that society flourished. Making an object tapu was achieved through rangatira or tohunga acting as channels for the atua in applying the tapu. Members of a community would not violate the tapu for fear of sickness or catastrophe as a result of the anger of the atua. Intrinsic, or primary, tapu are those things which are tapu in themselves. The extensions of tapu are the restrictions resulting from contact with something that is intrinsically tapu. This can be removed with water, or food and karakia. A person is imbued with mana and tapu by reason of his or her birth. High-ranking families whose genealogy could be traced through the senior line from the atua were thought to be under their special care. It was a priority for those of ariki descent to maintain mana and tapu and to keep the strength of the mana and tapu associated with the atua as pure as possible. People are tapu and it is each person's responsibility to preserve their own tapu and respect the tapu of others and of places. Under certain situations people become more tapu, including women giving birth, warriors travelling to battle, men carving (and their materials) and people when they die. Because resources from the environment originate from one of the atua, they need to be appeased with karakia before and after harvesting. When tapu is removed, things become noa, the process being called whakanoa. Interestingly, tapu can be used as a noun or verb and as a noun is sometimes used in the plural. Noa, on the other hand, can not be used as a noun.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 237-240; Te Kōhure Video Tapes (Ed. 1): 6;)
Kāore he kai maoa o runga i tēnei waka, i a Tākitimu, nā te tapu. He kai mata anake (HP 1991:9). / There was no cooked food on this canoe, on Tākitimu, because it was tapu. There was only raw food.
Ko tēnei i muri nei he karakia whakahorohoro i ngā tapu o ngā tāngata (TWMNT 3/4/1872:58). / The following is a ritual chant to remove the tapu of people.
See also rāhui
Synonyms: poropeihana, apiapi, aukatinga, here, kōpiri, rāhui
2. (verb) (-hia,-hina,-tia) to covet, retain.
I taiapotia ake ai e te mahara ēnei kupu, he nui nō te pōuri me te mamae o te ngākau mōna kua wehe atu nei i a tātau, nāna nei i māturu iho ai te roimata ki runga ki a ia (TPH 18/1/1904:6). / These words are retained in the memory because of the great sorrow and pain we feel for he who has left us and for whom the tears are shed.
3. (verb) (-hia,-hina,-tia) to take all for oneself.
Kaua e taiapohina ngā pukapuka nā māu anake. / Don't take all those books for yourself.
4. (noun) lullaby - song composed on the birth of a chiefly child.
I titoa te taiapo mō te tamaiti rangatira ki te whakaako i taua tamaiti ki ngā kōrero a tōna iwi, ki ngā mate hei ngaki māna, ki ōna tātai whakaheke, ki ōna whenua me ērā tū āhuatanga. / A lullaby was composed for a chiefly child to teach that child the tribe's stories, the deaths to be avenged, his lineages, his lands and those types of things.
See also oriori
Synonyms: ngāoriori, whakaoriori, oriori, pōpō
2. (noun) lullaby - song composed on the birth of a chiefly child about his/her ancestry and tribal history.
E kī ana ia he oriori tēnei nā te wahine i te wā e mea ana taua tamaiti ki te matihe (TP 8/1910:6). / He is saying that this is an oriori by the woman at the time that the child was going to sneeze.
Synonyms: ngāoriori, whakaoriori, taiapo, pōpō
tīenga
1. (noun) sleeping mat - an ornately patterned mat woven of kiekie used for special ceremonial occasions such as birthing, marriage and before men went to battle.
Ka oti te whatuwhatu a te tamaiti, ka kawe ki tōna tipuna, ka tae atu. Ko te karakia tēnei: Tāngaengae ki te whatu kahu, tāngaengae ki te raranga tienga (TPH 27/2/1905:4). / When the child completed the weaving, she took it to her grandfather. This was the ritual chant: Bless the woven garment, bless the plaited sleeping mat.
