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Loan words

Historical loan words

whakatumatuma

1. (verb) (-tia) to act defiantly, defy, provoke, be outspoken.

Ka noho ki te haka, ki te whakatū waewae, ka whakatumatuma ake ki tā rātou tangata (TWK 3:15). / They set about performing posture dances and haka with weapons and acting defiantly up at their man.

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Synonyms: whakatari, māreherehe, kōpana, pātai, pītaritari, pātari, pītari, eneene, whakapātari, patapatai, mukākā, whakatatari, taunanawe, hītaritari, pākani, pātaritari, patou, pātaitai, whakakārangirangi, whakapātaritari, whakatenetene, whakahorohoro, whakariri


2. (modifier) abrupt, forthright, outspoken, blunt, confronting, defiant, provocative.

He wahine whakatumatuma, kōrero hāngai tonu tana kōrero (TTR 2000:30). / She was a woman who was forthright and outspoken.

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Synonyms: whakatara, whakapātaritari, whakatari, whakatene


3. (noun) provocation, incitement, aggravation, defiance.

Kāhore rawa a Pōmare i rata atu ki ngā whakatumatuma mai a te Pākehā ki a ia (TTR 1990:117). / Pōmare did not tolerate the provocations of the Pākehā against him.

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Synonyms: whakapātaritari, whakahorohoro, whakariri, pākani, whakapātari, whakataratara, tāwai

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