raka
1. (particle) there, over there (not near or connected with the speaker or listener) - variation of rā.
Ka mau te kuia raka ki tōna ringa ka haere rāua, ā ka tae ki te whare o Te Whatu-i-āpiti (TWM 25/6/1864:3). / That elderly woman took hold of her hand and they went off and arrived at Te Whatu-i-āpiti's house.
naka
1. (particle) there (by the listener) - used after words to indicate position or connection with the listener - variation of nā.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 44;)
“He tino momo rānei te hōiho naka?” “Kāhore, he hōiho māori noa iho nei anō." (JPS 1893:117). / “Is that horse a thoroughbred?” “No, it is just an ordinary horse.”
See also nā
nā
1. (particle) there (by the listener) - used after nouns, location words, pronouns and personal names to indicate position or connection with the listener or the principal character in a narrative. Like the other two locative particles, nei and rā, it follows manner particles (i.e. kau, kē, noa, rawa and tonu) and directional particles (i.e. mai, atu, iho and ake) in the phrase if they are present.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 44;)
2. (particle) Used to refer to something just said by the listener or the speaker.
I mua o te taenga mai o tēnei ope kua hoki mai anō a Rongo ki tētehi o ōna pā, ko Motu-wheteke te ingoa. Koia nā te pā i whawhaitia ai a Rongo (JPS 1911:104). / Before this war party arrived Rongo and his people had returned to one of his other pā, named Motu-wheteke. It was in this pā where Rongo was attacked.
3. (particle) Used following possessive determiners to imply that the thing possessed is a little distance away, associated with the listener, or simply for emphasis.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 85-86;)
Whakarāpopototia ēnei kōrero ki āu ake nā kupu. / Summarise this story in your own words.
4. (particle) who, that, which - when used in dependent clauses to refer to something or someone just mentioned or mentioned by, or associated with, the person being spoken to.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 120;)
5. (particle) Used following koe, kōrua, koutou when giving opinions, etc.
Ki a koe nā, me pōti au mō tēhea rōpū tōrangapū? / In your opinion, which political party should I vote for?
Ki a kōrua nā, he pai tonu hoki tēnei ture, nē rā? / In your opinion, this law is quite alright, isn't it?
6. (particle) Sometimes used in close association with the same locative particle, or another, for emphasis e.g. nei nā.
I te kitenga atu o ngā koroua, o ngā kuia i te kaipuke o Kāpene Kuki, ka karanga, "He motu, he motu rere mai nō tawhiti ina e tere mai nei nā." (RK 1994:46). / When the elderly men and women saw Captain Cook's ship they called, "It's an island, it's an island sailing here from afar, it's sailing right here."
7. Used as a suffix in the words such as tēnā, ēnā, pēnā, konā, anā and koinā.
aroā whakarongo
1. (noun) listening comprehension.
E toru ngā wāhanga o te whakamātautau taha kōrero: whakamāori ā-waha, whakapākehā ā-waha, me te aroā whakarongo (HM 2/1996:3). / There are three sections of the oral examination: interpretation into Māori, oral interpretation into English, and listening comprehension.
ērā
1. (determiner) those (away from the speaker and listener).
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 44;)
See also ngā ... rā, ēraka, wērā
2. (noun) haven't you learnt your lesson yet? you should have known better, you'll listen next time, I told you so, I should have known better - an idiom used to comment on someone's mistake or oversight when they should have known better. In this usage iro is often preceded by a possessive.
Kua mau taku iro. Kore rawa au e kai waipiro me te whakatete ki te taraiwa i taku waka ā muri ake nei (HKK 1999:97). /
I should have known better. I will never drink and drive my vehicle ever again. /
See also e iro e iro!, kua mau [tō] iro
2. (determiner) each, every - when repeated, or repeated with its phrase.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 90-91;)
Mā tēnā, mā tēnā o koutou tāna ake teka e whiu atu. / Each of you will throw her own dart.
See also tēnaka
3. (determiner) but, on the other hand, but as for - used as a conjunction.
He rawe tēnā pukapuka; tēnā ko tēnei, e hoa, me whiu ki waho. / That book is excellent; but as for this one, mate, it should be discarded.
Synonyms: engaringari, koa, kāpā, otiia, manohi, engari, erangi, ia, tēnā ko tēnei
2. (determiner) each, every - when repeated, or repeated with its phrase.
Heoti, kua tīmata i nāianei te whakaeke mai a te Pākehā ki te noho, ā, kua tīmata anō hoki ngā Māori whiwhi taitara herekore ki te tono kia roherohea aua taitara kia mau anake ai ko te ingoa kotahi ki tēnaka, ki tēnaka rohenga, kia taea ai te hoko (TTR 1994:22). / However, now the Pākehā were beginning to arrive to settle, and Māori with freehold titles had also begun seeking partition of their communal tenure into individual titles for each boundary so that they were able to sell.
2. (determiner) each - when repeated, or repeated with its phrase.
(Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 90-91;)
I peka atu te pirimia ki tērā marae, ki tērā marae. / The Prime Minister visited each marae.
3. (determiner) the other, that other, last, next - used of time either before or after the present.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 30, 46;)
Ka haere māua ko Te Rauhina ki Tāmaki-mākau-rau ā tērā wiki. / Te Rauhina and I are going to Auckland next week.
Synonyms: ā tērā, mātāmuri, nō tērā, i tērā, whakamutunga, tōmuri, tauhiku, tauhikuhiku, ukauka
4. (interjection) then.
Te taenga ki te one i Tīrau tērā ka kitea mai e ngā toro (JPS 1911:22). / They reached the beach at Tīrau and then they were sighted by the scouts.
5. (interjection) there, yonder.
Tērā te kāhu e ātiu ana i runga rā (PK 2008:40). / There is the swamp harrier soaring up above.
tēraka
1. (determiner) that (away from both the speaker and listener), the other - variation of tērā.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 44;)
E rua nei ōna tūranga i te tīma: ko tēraka o te toparua, topa pū kē rānei (TTR 2000:196). / He had two positions in the team: that of second five-eighth or centre.
See also tērā
whakarangona
1. (verb) to be listened to - a passive form of whakarongo.
I whakarangona atu e Waikato ki ana tangi, ka mōhiotia he wahine rangatira (M 2006:278). / When the Waikato people listened to her lament they knew she was a chiefly woman.
See also whakarongo
whakarongo
1. (verb) (-hia,-na) (whakarangona) to listen, hear, obey.
Ka huri mātau ki tua o tētahi tau, ka kitea atu e mātau ngā tēneti e mā mai ana me ngā wākena hoki, i te taha mauī o ngā tēneti e tū mai ana ngā pū repo a te hoariri. Kātahi mātau ka waipūtia mai, ka whakarongo mātau ki te whewheo o ngā matā e rere ana i runga ake i a mātau (TPH 15/1/1900:7). / We rounded a ridge and saw the the white of the tents and the wagons, with the cannons of the enemy standing to the left of the tents. Then we were fired upon and we heard the whistle of the bullets flying over us.
See also whakarangona
Synonyms: whakarongorongo
2. (verb) (-hia,-na) (whakarangona) to taste, smell, feel.
Ki te kore he arero hei whakarongo i te kawa o ēnei kai ka pēhea ? Ka mitikia ngā kawa katoa (TWMNT 11/9/1872:114). / If there is no tongue to taste the bitterness of these foods, what will happen? The bitterness will be swallowed up.
3. (modifier) listening.
E toru ngā wāhanga o te whakamātautau taha kōrero: whakamāori ā-waha, whakapākehā ā-waha, me te aroā whakarongo (HM 2/1996:3). / There are three sections of the oral examination: interpretation into Māori, oral interpretation into English, and listening comprehension.
4. (noun) listening, hearing, obeying.
Mehemea e tū ana te tohunga, e karakia ana, e mākutu ana rānei i tētehi tangata, he pai tōna karakia, he mārama ki tōna whakarongo iho, ā, kua ngaro pea tētehi kupu, ka kīia tērā, “Kua whati.” Ka mōhio tonu te tohunga ko ia tonu ka riro (JPS 1894:207). / When the tohunga stands forth, and is uttering his karakia, or is bewitching someone, maybe his karakia is well said, and clear to his own hearing; but, if one word is perchance missing, that is said to be broken, whati. The tohunga knows at once he will be taken.
whakarongorongo
1. (verb) (-na) to listen, hear.
Whakarongorongo ana mātou i tēnei wā, i tēnei wā, ki ngā kupu e kōrerotia haeretia ana i roto i ētahi iwi Māori, tōna tikanga he whakatūpato i te ngākau kia tūpato, he whakakōroiroi hoki i te tikanga aroha tētahi ki tētahi o ngā iwi e rua, o te Pākehā, o te Māori (MM.TKM 31/8/1859:1). / From time to time we hear of reports being circulated amongst some Māori tribes, which make us cautious and hinder the friendly relations between the two races, Pākehā and Māori.
Synonyms: whakarongo
kaiwhakaoko
1. (noun) listener.
Heoi anō pea te rere kē matua ko te kore i manauhea o ō nahe kaitito ki te kōpaki i te whakaaro ki te kupu e titi ai taua whakaaro rā ki te hinengaro o te kaiwhakaoko (Kāretu 2009:2). / However perhaps the main difference is that the composers of antiquity were not reluctant to encapsulate their thoughts with words that would penetrate the listener's mind.
whakarongo pīkari
1. (verb) to listen attentively.
Nāna i kite, arā, ka whakarongo pīkari ō rātau taringa, ā, ka mau rātau ki ana tohutohu mehemea ka whiria tahitia e ia ngā uaratanga Māori me ērā a te Pākehā (TTR 1996:40). / When she incorporated both Māori and Pākehā values, she found that they listened attentively and followed her suggestions.
