ā
1. (particle) belonging to (more than one thing) - combines with the dual and plural personal pronouns.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 52-56;)
See also wā
2. (particle) has, have, owns - plural of tā (a possessive).
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 108-110;)
3. (particle) those of, the ... of. Used as an alternative form for ngā ... a.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 126;)
4. (particle) Used in the ways listed above when the possessor has, or had, control of the relationship or is dominant, active or superior to what is possessed. Thus, in most contexts in a sentence, moveable property, tools, things made by humans, food, drink (except water for drinking), husband (tāne), wife (wahine), lover (whaiāipo), children, grandchildren, people in an inferior position, plants and animals, pets and crops, and work are likely to take the a category. If the possessor is active towards the possessed the a category will also be used, including when derived nouns are used this way.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 54-56, 140-141;)
Kotahi rau ā taku whānau hipi i mate i te waipuke. / One hundred of my family's sheep died in the flood.
Koia nei ā Tio mahi. / This is Joe's work.
See also ā tātou
ā
1. (verb) (-ia,-ngia) to drive, urge, compel.
Kei te āta āngia haeretia e te Pākehā, āpōpō ake nei piri mai ana i ngā pari, i runga rānei i ngā keokeonga o ngā maunga (TTT 1/3/1930:1992). / We are slowly being driven out by the Pākehā and soon will be clinging to the cliffs or on the peaks of the mountains.
See also ānga
2. (noun) driving, urging, mustering, rounding up.
He wahine toritori ia, ā, i rite tonu ki a ia ngā mahi katoa, arā, te ā kau, te kari wāra, te whakatika taiepa, te whatu me te tuimāwhai hoki (TTR 2000:30). / She was always busy, and could do all types of work such as driving cows, digging ditches and mending fences as well as knitting and crocheting.
2. (particle) Used before personal pronouns (except ahau) when they follow i, ki, hei and kei. NB a is pronounced long before koe and ia.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 57, 83, 102;)
3. (particle) Used before place names and location words when they stand as subject of the sentence.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 24-25;)
4. (particle) Sometimes used as a literary device before words that would normally be used as nouns or verbs.
Kāti, kua huri te ihu o tōu ake waka ki Waitematā i runga anō i te āki a rūrūtake, a wheori (HM 2/1992:1). / Well, the prow of your canoe has turned towards Waitematā because of the urging of shaking and quivering of old age.
ā
1. (noun) collar-bone - usually joined with kakī.
Koia nei ngā tohu o te kohi i mua atu o te wā e kitea ai e te katoa. He pukupuku ētahi kei runga ake o te ā o te kakī (TTT 1/8/1929:1053). / These are the symptoms of tuberculosis before the time that it is fully evident. Some are lumps above the collar-bone.
2. until, right up until - a conjunction indicating a lapse of time and often lengthened in speech.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 127-128;)
Haere ai a Ngāi Tahu ki te hopu tītī i mua o te taenga mai o te Pākehā ā tae noa mai ki tēnei rā. / Ngāi Tahu caught mutton birds continuously from before the arrival of the Pākehā right up until the present time.
3. as far as - a conjunction indicating an extension of space and often lengthened in speech.
Nā, ka rere atu i reira ā Muriwhenua. Tapaa iho ko North Cape. Ka whawhe ki te tai hauāuru. Ka ahu whakatetonga (MM.TKM 1/1856:10). / Then, they sailed from there as far as Muriwhenua, which was named North Cape, and then came round to the west coast, and headed south.
ā-
1. (particle) after the manner of, by which - indicates the manner or means by which something is done and is prefixed to nouns to form a modifier following a verb. If the verb is in the passive the noun will also have the passive suffix -tia. Sometimes written with a hyphen before and after the ā.
(Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 63;)
a
1. (particle) of, belonging to - used when the possessor has, or had, control of the relationship or is dominant, active or superior to what is possessed. Thus, in most contexts in a sentence, moveable property, tools, things made by humans, food, drink (except water for drinking), husband (tāne), wife (wahine), lover (whaiāipo), children, grandchildren, people in an inferior position, plants and animals, pets and crops, and work are likely to take the a category. If the possessor is active towards the possessed the a category will also be used, including when derived nouns are used this way.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 54-55, 108-109, 140-141; Te Kākano Study Guide (Ed. 1): 2, 16, 23, 33-34, 36; Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 166-167; Te Pihinga Study Guide (Ed. 1): 166-167; Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 113, 178-179;)
Nā te whakamārama a te kaiako, ka mōhio a Pio me pēhea tana mahi. / It was thanks to the teacher's explanation that Pio knew how his work should be done.
Areare ō taringa ki te tangi a te pīpīwharauroa (Te Ara 2015). / Open your ears to the call of the shining cuckoo.
Nō te taenga mai a Te Mōkena ki runga ka hoatu ngā pū māna (TWM 1/7/1865:1). / When Mr Morgan arrived in the south he was given guns.
ā houanga
1. (location) next year, next season, a year from now.
Kei te whakaarohia iho, tēnā e manakohia nuitia te witi ā houanga nei, hei uta atu ki tāwāhi, hei whāngai hoki i ngā tāngata o konei (MM.TKM 30/6/1959:6). / It is thought that next season's wheat crop will be in great demand for export and to feed the people here.
2. (determiner) you (several people) have (more than one thing).
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 108-110;)
3. Used in these ways listed above when the possessor has control of the relationship or is dominant, active or superior to what is possessed.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 54-56, 140-141;)
ū ā
1. no way, not even, get out of here - an expression to disagree with a comment that has just been made.
Wahine: I kite koe i te kēmu i te pō rā? Ka tau kē ko Ngā Rau Hiriwa! Tāne: He aroha pea nō ngā Taimana. Wahine: Ū ā! Ko Aotearoa te tīma kei te kōtihi o te ao (HKKT 1/2011:36). / Woman: Did you see the game last night? The Silver Ferns were on fire! Man: Perhaps it was sympathy from the Diamonds. Woman: Get out of here! New Zealand are the best team in the world.
2. (determiner) they have, they had (three or more people and more than one thing) - a possessive determiner.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 108-110;)
See also ā rātau
3. Used in these ways listed above when the possessor has control of the relationship or is dominant, active or superior to what is possessed.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 54-56, 140-141;)
2. (determiner) we have (you two or more and more than one thing).
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 108-110;)
3. Used in these ways listed above when the possessor has control of the relationship or is dominant, active or superior to what is possessed.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 54-56, 140-141;)
2. (determiner) we have (you and I and more than one thing).
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 108-110;)
3. Used in these ways listed above when the possessor has control of the relationship or is dominant, active or superior to what is possessed.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 54-56, 140-141;)
2. (determiner) you two have (more than one thing).
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 108-110;)
3. Used in these ways listed above when the possessor has control of the relationship or is dominant, active or superior to what is possessed.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 54-56, 140-141;)
