ua
1. (particle) when.
Ua whewhengi ngā rau, nā maroke ngā kakau o te turipi me ērā aua pērā, keria ngā kai o raro, kawea ki te whare takoto ai, mō te ngahuru ka whakatō. / When the leaves have withered and the stalks of the tulips and other bulbs have dried, dig them up and take them into a building for storage for planting in autumn.
2. (particle) when - of future time, followed immediately by the verb.
Ka kitea atu tō tātou tima, ina tae atu tātou ki te kūrae. / Our ship will be seen when we reach the headland.
inawhea
ka
1. (particle) Used before a verb to name an event as occurring or a state existing. No tense is implied so it may be past, present or future.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 28, 102, 129-130;)
See also ka pai
2. (particle) when - used before verbs to indicate the start of a new action or state, but does not indicate past, present or future.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 28, 102, 129-130;)
Ka mutu te pōhiri, ka kai rātou. / When the welcome ceremony was over, they ate.
3. (particle) Used before verbs when the action is in the future.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 28;)
4. (particle) Used in commands with taua and tātou. These two words may precede ka in such commands.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 111;)
5. (particle) Used in front of numbers when counting out items.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 5;)
Ka tīmata te tatau, "Ka tahi, ka rua, ka toru, ka whā, ka rima, ka ono, ka whitu, ka waru, ka iwa." (NM 1928:359). / She began counting them, "One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine."
6. (particle) then, only just, now for the first time - when used after kātahi anō. NB ka is pronounced long when the following verb or number has only one long vowel or two short vowels.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 74;)
ai
1. (particle) always, regularly, usually - shows habitual action. In this usage the verb is followed by ai, but no particle is used before the verb. In this and all the following subentries, if present, a manner particle (i.e. kau, kē, noa, rawa or tonu) will follow immediately after the verb, then a directional particle (i.e. mai, atu, iho, or ake), and then ai. Other particles (i.e. anō, hoki, anake, koa, rānei or pea) will follow ai in the phrase. The other locative particles, nei, nā, rā and ana do not occur when ai is used.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 8;)
Haere ai rāua ki te whare karakia i ia Rātapu. / They go to church every Sunday.
Ahakoa haere ia ki hea, haria ai e ia tana kurī. / No matter where she goes she takes her dog.
Haere ai ngā tāngata i ētahi wā, heoi anō, hoki tonu mai ai rātou (TWK 35:19). / People go away sometimes, but they continually return.
Synonyms: riterite, ka mutu tonu te/tā ...
2. (particle) and then, consequently - when ka preceeds the verb and ai follows it, this denotes an action or state consequent upon some previous action. This usage may also follow another clause beginning with mā.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 68; Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 29;)
Whakarongo ki ngā tohutohu, ka tīmata ai i ā koutou mahi. / Listen to the instructions and then start your work.
Kua pāhitia e te Kāwanatanga kia toru ngā tau kātahi ka hoki ai ngā minita ki ō rātou mīhana (TTT 1/11/1921:9). / The Government has passed a law that after three years the ministers then return to their missions.
Mā tāu rourou, mā tāku rourou, ka ora ai te iwi (HJ 2012:190). / With your small flax plaited food basket and my small flax plaited food basket the visitors will be sustained.
See also ka ... ai
3. (particle) when will, when did - used in questions and statements about when something happened or will happen. For the past tense i will preceed the verb and ai will follow, but in the future tense ai will follow the verb, but no particle, ka or e may preceed the verb.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 46, 85;)
Nōnahea ō mōhiti i ngaro ai? / When did your glasses go missing?
Āhea kōrua haere ai ki Te Waipounamu? Ā te 14 o Poutūterangi. / When do you two go to the South Island? On the 14th of March.
Hei te Rāhoroi tāua whakatā ai. / On Saturday you and I will rest up.
Kua hikitia tā tātou hui - hei ātahirā rā anō ka tū ai. / Our meeting has been put off - it will be held the day after tomorrow.
Mō āwhea e tuwhera ai te huarahi hou? (HJ 2012:185). / When will the new road open?
4. (particle) by what means, by what way, via where - in questions and statements about how someone is travelling or via what place.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 47-48;)
Mā hea koe haere ai? Mā runga pahi. / How did you travel? By bus.
Mā hea kōrua hoki atu ai ki Tāmaki-makau-rau - mā Tauranga, mā Rotorua rānei? Mā Tauranga. / What way are you two returning to Auckland - via Tauranga or Rotorua?
See also mā hea
5. (particle) when, where, which, who, whom, that, during which, at which (time), that caused, by which, whereby, why - In clauses in the past tense expressing a resultant action in relation to a particular time, place, reason, way, thing or person already stated in the first part of the sentence. In these subordinate clauses, i will preceed the verb and ai will follow.
(Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 43-44; Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 23-24; Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 28-29, 120;)
Ko Te Arawa te waka i ū mai ai ki konei. / Te Arawa was the canoe that landed here.
Ko te 1840 te tau i hainatia ai te Tiriti o Waitangi (HJ 2012:187). / The year that The Treaty of Waitangi was signed was 1840.
He hōhā nōku i kōrero pēnā ai. / It was because I was fed up that I spoke like that.
Koia rā te huarahi i tae mai ai rātou ki te marae. / That was the road by which they reach the marae.
Kāore taku mokopuna i whiwhi i tāna i hiahia ai ia. / My granddaughter didn't get that which she wanted.
See also tā ... i ... ai, he aha ... i ... ai, he aha ... i kore ai e ...?, he aha ai?, te ... ai
6. (particle) when, where, which, who, whom, that, during which, at which (time), that caused, by which, whereby, why - In clauses in the future tense expressing a resultant action in relation to a particular time, place, reason, way, thing or person already stated in the first part of the sentence. In these subordinate clauses, e (or sometimes ka) will preceed the verb and ai will follow. Also used for habitual actions and for subordinate clauses when time is more general and not just the future.
Ko te 7 o Haratua te rā e haere ai māua ki Potukara. / The 7th May is the day that she and I go to Portugal.
Ko te Hōhipera o Waikato te wāhi e pokaina ai ahau. / Waikato Hospital is the place where I will be operated on.
Mā te hīkoikoi i ia rā e ora ai ahau. / By walking each day I will become healthy.
Ko Aroha te wahine e tūtaki ai koe i te whare pukapuka. / Aroha is the woman who you meet at the library.
Me pēwhea ka ora ai tātou? (HJ 2012:189). / How will we survive?
See also he aha ... e ... ai, te ... ai
7. (particle) to (do something) - after verbs following location as an alternative to ki te.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 129;)
Haere atu ki korā tākaro ai! / Go over there to play!
Ki whea tātou tūtaki ai ā mua o te konohete? / Where will we meet before the concert?
8. (particle) so that, in order that - after kia.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 99; Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 31-32;)
E tuhia ana ēnei kupu kia ako ai koe i te reo Māori. / These words are being written so that you can learn Māori.
See also kia kore ai ... e ..., kia ... ai
9. (particle) why?, that - the negative tē also combines with ai, often to follow he aha to ask 'why', or following a reason that something didn't happen. A verb will be placed between tē and ai.
He aha kōrua tē haere tahi mai ai? / Why didn't you two come together?
Nā te pāngia o Hare e te mate tē tae mai ai ia ki te hui (HJ 2012:192). / Because Harry went down sick, he didn't make the meeting.
See also tē ai he ...
10. (particle) mainly because.
I wera katoa i te ahi, i te maroke ai hoki o aua rākau. / It was burnt completely by the fire, mainly because the timber was so dry.
... rawa ake
1. finally when, when eventually - used to indicate that the person only realised when it was too late or very late in the piece.
Oho rawa ake au, kua kaha te tītaha haere o te rā (HP 1991:160). / When I finally woke up the sun was very low in the sky.
Hoki rawa ake ki Whangaroa i muri mai, kua mate kē a Turikatuku (TTR 1990:379). / Later when he eventually returned to Whangaroa, Turikatuku had already died.
āwhea
1. (particle) when will? when? (of future time) - sometimes written as two words, i.e. ā whea.
Āwhea anō maharatia ai e koutou tā koutou nama? / When will you remember your debt?
See also āhea
āhau
1. (particle) (determiner) your (one person when referring to more than one thing), of yours (one person when referring to more than one thing), you have (pertaining to one person and more than one thing) - plural of tāhau and variation of āu.
See also āu
2. (determiner) you two have (more than one thing).
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 108-110;)
3. Used in these ways listed above when the possessor has control of the relationship or is dominant, active or superior to what is possessed.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 54-56, 140-141;)
2. (determiner) you have (more than two people and more than one thing).
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 108-110;)
3. Used in these ways listed above when the possessor has no control of the relationship or is subordinate, passive or inferior to what is possessed.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 54-56, 140-141;)
2. (particle) to, that - to indicate a purpose, wish, or effect. Used in this way if the second verb is passive or a stative, or if the subject of the subordinate clause is different from that of the main clause, i.e. the person, people, thing or things doing the actions in the two parts of the sentence are different. Kia may be used if the person, people, thing or things doing the action in the two parts of the sentence are the same, or is part of a group, if an appropriate personal pronoun is used, e.g. as in the second example sentence.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 98;)
I tonoa rātou kia waiata. / They were asked to sing.
E hiahia ana a Wī kia haere ia ki te wānanga reo (HJ 2017:179). / Wī wanted to go to the Māori language live-in school.
3. (particle) be, let be - indicates that it is desirable for something to occur. Used this way in giving commands involving adjectives (statives) and experience verbs.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 27, 58;)
See also kia kaha
4. (particle) Used to ask and say how many things are needed.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 63;)
Kia hia ngā tīkiti māu? Kia rua. / How many tickets do you need? Two, please.
5. (particle) not yet.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 56-57;)
See also kāore anō ... kia
Synonyms: kīanō
6. (particle) so that, in order that.
See also kia ... ai, kia kore ai ... e ...
8. (particle) so that ... will not/would not.
(Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 31-32;)
See also kia kore ai ... e ...
2. (particle) while, when - variation of kei.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 121;)
nawhea
1. (location) what time? when? - variation of nahea. Interrogative of past time prefixed with i- or nō-.
Nōnawhea hoki i kauwhautia tuatahitia ai te whakapono ki Ingarangi? (TP 7/1912:3). / Just when was the faith first preached in England?
See also nahea
nō
1. (particle) of, belonging to, from - indicates achieved possession. Used when the possessor did not, or does not, have control of the relationship or was/is subordinate, passive or inferior to what was/is possessed.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 2-3, 54-56, 140-141; Te Kākano Study Guide (Ed. 1): 27; Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 22-23;)
Nō Te Whakatōhea ēnei whenua. / This land belongs to the Whakatōhea kinship group.
2. (particle) at, in, on - used for time comments in the past.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 85; Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 80;)
Nō te tau 1769 a Kāpene Kuki i tae mai ai ki konei. / Captain Cook arrived here in 1769.
3. (particle) on account of, owing to, it was because.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 123-124; Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 178-179;)
Nō te katanga a tīwaiwaka i a Māui-tikitiki-a-Taranga i kūtia ai e Hine-nui-te-pō, ā, mate ana. / It was because the fantail laughed that Māui was killed by Hine-nui-te-pō when she drew her legs together.
4. (particle) at the time that, from the time that, until, when.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 123-124; Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 178-179;)
Nō te taenga mai o te Pākehā, ka ngaro haere taua tikanga. / From the time that the Pākehā arrived here that custom began to be lost.
nōnahea
1. (location) when? from what time? at what time? - past tense.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 85, 120-121;)
See also ai
nōnawhea
1. (location) when? from what time? at what time? - past tense. Variation of nōnahea.
Nōnawhea hoki i kauwhautia tuatahitia ai te whakapono ki Ingarangi? (TP 7/1912:3). / Just when was the faith first preached in England?
See also nōnahea
