koutou
1. (pronoun) you (three or more people) - like all pronouns and personals, takes a when following ki, i, kei and hei but does not take a when used as the subject of the sentence. Never occurs after he, te and ngā.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 13, 31-32, 52-56, 64-65;)
See also tā koutou
2. (pronoun) you and - used before ko followed by people's names.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 13;)
2. (determiner) you (several people) have (more than one thing).
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 108-110;)
3. Used in these ways listed above when the possessor has control of the relationship or is dominant, active or superior to what is possessed.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 54-56, 140-141;)
2. (determiner) you have (more than two people and more than one thing).
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 108-110;)
3. Used in these ways listed above when the possessor has no control of the relationship or is subordinate, passive or inferior to what is possessed.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 54-56, 140-141;)
tā koutou
1. (determiner) your, yours (referring to one thing and to three or more people) - often followed by a noun but can stand without one.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 52-56;)
See also tā
2. (determiner) you (several people) have (one thing).
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 108-110;)
3. Used in these ways listed above when the possessor has control of the relationship or is dominant, active or superior to what is possessed.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 54-56, 140-141;)
tō koutou
1. (determiner) your, yours (referring to one thing and to three or more people) - often followed by a noun but can stand without one.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 52-56;)
See also tō
2. (determiner) you (several people) have (one thing).
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 108-110;)
3. Used in these ways listed above when the possessor has no control of the relationship or is subordinate, passive or inferior to what is possessed.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 54-56, 140-141;)
Kei te pēhea koe?
1. How are you? - only used when speaking to one person. For two people use kōrua instead of koe, and for three or more people use koutou instead of koe.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 1-2;)
See also E pēwhea ana koe?
2. are [you] suggesting? is [she] suggesting? you reckon that, of course it goes without saying - a colloquialism.
3. who do you think!, what do you think! - to indicate that the questioner should know the answer to the question.
kōtou
1. (pronoun) you (three or more people) - variation of koutou. Like all pronouns and personals, takes a when following ki, i, kei and hei but does not take a when used as the subject of the sentence. Never occurs after he, te and ngā.
See also koutou
2. (particle) Used before hia? and when stating numbers of things where the number begins with a word of one vowel or two short vowels.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 5, 16;)
3. (particle) Used in commands before verbs of one long vowel or two short vowels.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 26-27, 67, 111;)
4. (particle) Used for negative commands after kaua.
5. (particle) will - combines with mā to indicate future time when emphasising who will do something. The e will precede the verb.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 65; Te Kākano Study Guide (Ed. 1): 41-42;)
6. (particle) Used with verbs and ana to show action in progress.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 12, 120;)
7. (particle) Used before the verb with the particles ai, nei, nā and rā to show progress in action or a temporary state.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 12, 120;)
8. (particle) will not - used after kāore before verbs in negative sentences when saying something will not be done.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 75-76;)
See also kāore ... e
9. (particle) will not - used before kore and the verb in the future negative pattern.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 89-90;)
See also e kore ... e
10. (particle) if, when.
11. (particle) Used before the verb in 'if not' questions after ki te kore ....
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 67;)
12. (particle) Used before the verb in negative sentences using kua kore.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 89-90; Te Pihinga Study Guide (Ed. 1): 55;)
See also kua kore
13. (particle) will - in classical Māori used by itself in front of a verb without nei, nā, rā, ana or ai as a future time indicator.
14. (particle) Used before the verb in 'why not' questions after he aha ... i kore ai.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 23;)
15. (particle) so that ... will not/would not - used after kia kore.
(Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 31-32;)
See also kia kore ai ... e ...
nā
1. (particle) there (by the listener) - used after nouns, location words, pronouns and personal names to indicate position or connection with the listener or the principal character in a narrative. Like the other two locative particles, nei and rā, it follows manner particles (i.e. kau, kē, noa, rawa and tonu) and directional particles (i.e. mai, atu, iho and ake) in the phrase if they are present.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 44;)
2. (particle) Used to refer to something just said by the listener or the speaker.
3. (particle) Used following possessive determiners to imply that the thing possessed is a little distance away, associated with the listener, or simply for emphasis.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 85-86;)
4. (particle) who, that, which - when used in dependent clauses to refer to something or someone just mentioned or mentioned by, or associated with, the person being spoken to.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 120;)
5. (particle) Used following koe, kōrua, koutou when giving opinions, etc.
6. (particle) Sometimes used in close association with the same locative particle, or another, for emphasis e.g. nei nā.
7. Used as a suffix in the words such as tēnā, ēnā, pēnā, konā, anā and koinā.
