kaiwhatu
1. (noun) spell to protect against mākutu and to ensure well-being.
He kaiwhatu te taonga pai ki te iwi Māori, hei tiaki mō te tinana, hei ārai atu mō ngā nanakia, mō te mākutu anake i whēneitia ai (H 1992:90). / To the Māori people, kaiwhatu spells are valuable assets to protect the body, to ward off treachery, but they are only used for countering mākutu.
whakatūturu
1. (verb) (-tia) to make permanent, affirm, impose permanently, assure, ensure, confirm, verify, validate, corroborate, authenticate, prove.
Ā, e whakaae ana anō a Tāke, kia mahia, kia whakatūturutia te rohe tauārai o te whenua a Tāke rāua ko Pāhia (TW 22/6/1878:313). / And Turkey also agrees that a boundary between Turkey and Persia be determined and made permanent.
Synonyms: whakapūmau, hāpono
2. (modifier) confirming, verifying, corroborating, authenticating, proving, substantiating.
He kore kōrero whakatūturu i kore ai te komiti e whai kupu (TWMNT 13/3/1877:75). / Because there is no evidence, the committee will not comment.
3. (noun) confirmation, verification, corroboration, authentication, proof.
I te tuatahi, e pōhēhē kē ana tana kāhui, ko Rangi Māwhete, ko Panau Tamatai kē rānei tāna e mea ana. Kāti, nō muri kē tana whakatūturu atu ko tōna whanaunga tata tonu, ko Tahupōtiki Wiremu Rātana kē taua tangata (TTR 1996:171). / Initially, her followers thought she was referring to either Rangi Māwhete or Panau Tamatai. Well, later she confirmed that the person was her close kinsman, Tahupōtiki Wiremu Rātana.
Synonyms: hāponotanga, tohu, whakatūturutanga
Whare o Rongomaurikura, Te
1. (location) International Centre for Language Revitalisation - based in Te Ipukarea the National Māori Language Institute at AUT University. The name was given by Dr Wharehuia Milroy. Rongo is the god of peaceful pursuits and is usually associated with matters that are deliberated or debated in the sanctity of the wharenui, the meeting house, thus an academy or institute. Issues associated with language and language revitalisation efforts, should be considered as 'vested with a mauri' for those matters to then be acted upon in a positive way. It is the 'vital essence' that is required to allow the process to take shape, form and be inspirited. This comes through belief, united effort and dedication. Once achieved, the mauri operates in that belief that 'Tūwhitia te hopo, mairangatia te angitū' (i.e. eliminate the negative, accentuate the positive) will ensure sustained effort. Kura can be viewed as: 1. Knowledge regained, knowledge used, knowledge gained (discovery); 2. Staff and all associates; 3. The philosophies that serve to underpin all work that is entered into or undertaken; 4. The students; 5. The communities that will seek to benefit from the research; 6 The mauri, so long as it is maintained in a 'healthy state' by the combined efforts of the groups listed above, while distinct from kura in nature and form, is complementary and indeed kura can only continue to survive if the mauri is 'active'.
māwhitiwhiti
1. (verb) to jump from one to another, jump over - like a grasshopper.
Engari i warea ki te huri ki te reo Pākehā, ka hoki mai ki te reo Māori, āhua pērā. He āhua māwhitiwhiti nei te āhua o te kōrero (Kāretu 2015). / But he kept changing to English, then returning to Māori. The way he talked was like a grasshopper jumping from one to the other.
2. (noun) short-horned, flightless grasshoppers of several species, locust.
I muri o tēnei ka tae mai anō te whakaatu, kai te tahuri rātau ki te kai māwhitiwhiti, ā ki te kōhua hoki i ngā kiri o ngā hōiho hei hupa mā rātau (TPH 31/5/1900:2). / After this further notification arrived that they had resorted to eating grasshoppers and boiling the hides of horses as soup for them.
Synonyms: whitiwhiti, kapakapa
3. (noun) crossover stitch - used in making kākahu. Also used as a term for the use of five whenu (or multiples of five) to create a hole for the here to go through, and as a counting system for the top and the bottom of a kākahu, ensuring that the weaver has the count correct.
pure
1. (verb) (-a,-tia) to ritually remove tapu.
Ko te tikanga o tēnei mea, o te kawa, e pure ana i te kawa tapu o Tāne kia noa (TTT 1/5/1930:2055). / The purpose of the kawa ceremony is to ritually remove the tapu of Tāne so that it becomes free of tapu.
Synonyms: whakanoa
2. (noun) ceremony to remove tapu.
Nō te taenga mai ki konei kātahi ka karangatia te hui, arā te hākari, te pure mō taua hahunga mai (TWMNT 19/6/1872:85). / On arriving here the meeting was called, that is the feast and the ceremony for the uplifting of the bones.
3. (noun) oven in which food was cooked as part of the pure ceremony.
Ka whakaritea e te tohunga he tūmau hei tahu he umu te ingoa he 'pure' (TP 8/1903:6). / The tohunga arranged for a cook to light an oven, which was called a 'pure'.
4. (noun) rites to lift the tapu at the Ringatū harvest to ensure a plentiful crop, religious purification rites - designed to neutralise tapu, using water and karakia, or to propitiate the atua, using cooked food.
E rua anō ngā rā nui o te tau o te Ringatū i hiwaia e ia, arā, ko te huamata i te tahi o Hune me te pure i te tahi o Noema; he whakatō kai te tikanga o te huamata, ā, kia nui ai te hua o te kai i meinga ai te pure (TTR 1998:27). / There are two important days of the Ringatū faith that he focused on, namely the huamata on the first of June and the pure on the first of November; the huamata is when the planting rites are held, and the pure is so that the harvest is plentiful.
tapu
1. (stative) be sacred, prohibited, restricted, set apart, forbidden, under atua protection - see definition 4 for further explanations.
I taua wā ko Te Riri anake te tangata o Ngāti Hine e kaha ana ki te noho i aua whenua. Ko te mea hoki e tapu katoa ana te whaitua nei, pokapoka katoa ana ngā hiwi i ngā rua tūpāpaku (TTR 1998:82). / At that time Te Riri was the only person of Ngāti Hine who wanted to live on the property, because the area was tapu and the surrounding hills were riddled with burial caves.
Synonyms: whakaihi, rohe, kura, whakatapu, puaroa, taparere, apiapi, rāhui, kōpiri, ārikarika
2. (modifier) sacred, prohibited, restricted, set apart, forbidden, under atua protection - see definition 4 for further explanations.
Kei te maumahara tonu ngā uri o Te Whiti ki te tūruapō, arā, te maunga tapu kei te tonga, kei tōna ātārangi he rākau, e pae rua ake ana i tōna peka ngā manu mōhio a Mumuhau rāua ko Takeretō (TTR 1994:172). / It is remembered by Te Whiti's descendants, namely that there is a sacred mountain to the south and in its shadow there is a tree with a branch and on this branch are two birds of knowledge, Mumuhau and Takaretō.
3. (modifier) holy - an adaptation of the original meaning for the Christian concept of holiness and sanctity.
Otiia hei minita anō rātou i roto i tōku wāhi tapu, hei tiaki i ngā kūwaha o te whare, hei minita ki te whare (PT Ehekiera 44:11). / Yet they shall be ministers in my sanctuary, having charge at the gates of the house, and ministering to the house.
4. (noun) restriction, prohibition - a supernatural condition. A person, place or thing is dedicated to an atua and is thus removed from the sphere of the profane and put into the sphere of the sacred. It is untouchable, no longer to be put to common use. The violation of tapu would result in retribution, sometimes including the death of the violator and others involved directly or indirectly. Appropriate karakia and ceremonies could mitigate these effects. Tapu was used as a way to control how people behaved towards each other and the environment, placing restrictions upon society to ensure that society flourished. Making an object tapu was achieved through rangatira or tohunga acting as channels for the atua in applying the tapu. Members of a community would not violate the tapu for fear of sickness or catastrophe as a result of the anger of the atua. Intrinsic, or primary, tapu are those things which are tapu in themselves. The extensions of tapu are the restrictions resulting from contact with something that is intrinsically tapu. This can be removed with water, or food and karakia. A person is imbued with mana and tapu by reason of his or her birth. High-ranking families whose genealogy could be traced through the senior line from the atua were thought to be under their special care. It was a priority for those of ariki descent to maintain mana and tapu and to keep the strength of the mana and tapu associated with the atua as pure as possible. People are tapu and it is each person's responsibility to preserve their own tapu and respect the tapu of others and of places. Under certain situations people become more tapu, including women giving birth, warriors travelling to battle, men carving (and their materials) and people when they die. Because resources from the environment originate from one of the atua, they need to be appeased with karakia before and after harvesting. When tapu is removed, things become noa, the process being called whakanoa. Interestingly, tapu can be used as a noun or verb and as a noun is sometimes used in the plural. Noa, on the other hand, can not be used as a noun.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 237-240; Te Kōhure Video Tapes (Ed. 1): 6;)
Kāore he kai maoa o runga i tēnei waka, i a Tākitimu, nā te tapu. He kai mata anake (HP 1991:9). / There was no cooked food on this canoe, on Tākitimu, because it was tapu. There was only raw food.
Ko tēnei i muri nei he karakia whakahorohoro i ngā tapu o ngā tāngata (TWMNT 3/4/1872:58). / The following is a ritual chant to remove the tapu of people.
See also rāhui
Synonyms: poropeihana, apiapi, aukatinga, here, kōpiri, rāhui
